Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: June 15, 2020
Abstract
Background
Pharmacologic
therapy
is
the
primary
treatment
used
to
manage
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
symptoms.
However,
it
becomes
less
effective
with
time
and
some
symptoms
do
not
respond
medication.
Complementary
interventions
are
therefore
required
for
PD.
Recent
studies
have
implemented
transcranial
direct
current
stimulation
(tDCS)
in
combination
other
modalities
of
interventions,
such
as
physical
cognitive
training.
Although
tDCS
training
seems
promising,
existing
present
mixed
results.
Therefore,
a
systematic
review
literature
necessary.
Aims
This
aims
(i)
assess
clinical
effects
when
applied
or
therapies
people
PD
and;
(ii)
analyze
how
specific
details
intervention
protocols
may
relate
findings.
Methods
The
search
strategy
detailed
technique
stimulation,
population
combined
(i.e.
and/or
training).
Only
controlled
were
included.
Results
Seventeen
an
initial
yield
408
satisfied
criteria.
Studies
involved
small
sample
sizes.
characteristics
varied.
reviewed
suggest
that
synergistic
be
obtained
cognition,
upper
limb
function,
gait/mobility
posture
motor
Conclusion
reported
results
encourage
further
research
better
understand
therapeutic
utility
inform
optimal
use
Future
this
field
should
focus
on
determining
parameters
maximal
benefits
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
1464(1), P. 5 - 29
Published: Aug. 7, 2018
Abstract
The
past
few
decades
have
seen
a
rapid
increase
in
the
use
of
functional
near‐infrared
spectroscopy
(fNIRS)
cognitive
neuroscience.
This
fast
growth
is
due
to
several
advances
that
fNIRS
offers
over
other
neuroimaging
modalities
such
as
magnetic
resonance
imaging
and
electroencephalography/magnetoencephalography.
In
particular,
harmless,
tolerant
bodily
movements,
highly
portable,
being
suitable
for
all
possible
participant
populations,
from
newborns
elderly
experimental
settings,
both
inside
outside
laboratory.
this
review
we
aim
provide
comprehensive
state‐of‐the‐art
basics,
technical
developments,
applications.
discuss
some
open
challenges
potential
neuroscience
research,
with
particular
focus
on
naturalistic
environments
social
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
7(12), P. 466 - 466
Published: Nov. 22, 2018
For
cognitive
processes
to
function
well,
it
is
essential
that
the
brain
optimally
supplied
with
oxygen
and
blood.
In
recent
years,
evidence
has
emerged
suggesting
cerebral
oxygenation
hemodynamics
can
be
modified
physical
activity.
To
better
understand
relationship
between
oxygenation/hemodynamics,
activity,
cognition,
application
of
state-of-the
art
neuroimaging
tools
essential.
Functional
near-infrared
spectroscopy
(fNIRS)
such
a
tool
especially
suitable
investigate
effects
activity/exercises
on
due
its
capability
quantify
changes
in
concentration
oxygenated
hemoglobin
(oxyHb)
deoxygenated
(deoxyHb)
non-invasively
human
brain.
However,
currently
there
no
clear
standardized
procedure
regarding
application,
data
processing,
analysis
fNIRS,
large
heterogeneity
how
fNIRS
applied
field
exercise–cognition
science.
Therefore,
this
review
aims
summarize
current
methodological
knowledge
about
studies
measuring
cortical
hemodynamic
responses
during
testing
(i)
prior
after
different
activities
interventions,
(ii)
cross-sectional
accounting
for
fitness
level
their
participants.
Based
methodology
35
as
relevant
considered
publications,
we
outline
recommendations
future
Japanese Psychological Research,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
60(4), P. 347 - 373
Published: July 19, 2018
Abstract
The
development
of
novel
miniaturized
wireless
and
wearable
functional
near‐infrared
spectroscopy
(fNIRS)
devices
has
paved
the
way
for
new
brain
imaging
that
could
revolutionize
cognitive
research
fields.
Over
past
few
decades,
several
studies
have
been
conducted
with
conventional
fNIRS
systems
demonstrated
suitability
this
technology
a
wide
variety
populations
applications,
to
investigate
both
healthy
diseased
brain.
However,
what
makes
even
more
appealing
is
its
capability
allow
measurements
in
everyday‐life
scenarios
are
not
possible
other
gold‐standard
neuroimaging
modalities,
such
as
magnetic
resonance
imaging.
This
huge
impact
on
we
explore
neural
bases
mechanisms
underpinning
human
functioning.
aim
review
provide
an
overview
naturalistic
settings
field
neuroscience.
In
addition,
present
challenges
associated
use
unrestrained
contexts,
discussing
solutions
will
accurate
inference
activity.
Finally,
future
perspectives
neuroscience
believe
would
benefit
most
from
study
devices.
Neurophotonics,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
4(4), P. 041403 - 041403
Published: Aug. 1, 2017
Safe
locomotion
is
a
crucial
aspect
of
human
daily
living
that
requires
well-functioning
motor
control
processes.
The
neuromotor
activities
such
as
walking
relies
on
the
complex
interaction
subcortical
and
cortical
areas.
Technical
developments
in
neuroimaging
systems
allow
quantification
activation
during
execution
tasks.
Functional
near-infrared
spectroscopy
(fNIRS)
seems
to
be
promising
tool
monitor
processes
areas
freely
moving
subjects.
However,
so
far,
there
no
established
standardized
protocol
regarding
application
data
processing
fNIRS
signals
limits
comparability
among
studies.
Hence,
this
systematic
review
aimed
summarize
current
knowledge
about
studies
dealing
with
or
postural
Fifty-six
articles
an
initial
yield
1420
publications
were
reviewed
information
methodology,
processing,
findings
extracted.
Based
our
results,
we
outline
recommendations
respect
design
Future
perspectives
measuring
movement
science
are
discussed.
Photonics,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
6(3), P. 87 - 87
Published: Aug. 1, 2019
This
mini-review
is
aimed
at
briefly
summarizing
the
present
status
of
functional
near-infrared
spectroscopy
(fNIRS)
and
predicting
where
technique
should
go
in
next
decade.
quotes
33
articles
on
different
fNIRS
basics
technical
developments
44
reviews
applications
published
last
eight
years.
The
huge
number
review
about
a
wide
spectrum
topics
field
cognitive
social
sciences,
neuroimaging
research,
medicine
testifies
to
maturity
achieved
by
this
non-invasive
optical
vascular-based
technique.
Today,
has
started
be
utilized
healthy
subjects
while
moving
freely
naturalistic
settings.
Further
instrumental
are
expected
done
near
future
fully
satisfy
latter
important
aspect.
In
addition,
procedures,
including
correction
methods
for
strong
extracranial
interferences,
need
standardized
before
using
as
clinical
tool
individual
patients.
New
research
avenues
such
interactive
neurosciences,
cortical
activation
modulated
type
sport
performance,
during
neurofeedback
training
highlighted.
Frontiers in Psychology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: April 3, 2018
In
this
review,
we
aim
to
highlight
the
application
of
functional
near-infrared
spectroscopy
(fNIRS)
as
a
useful
neuroimaging
technique
for
investigation
cognitive
development.
We
focus
on
brain
activation
changes
during
development
mathematics
and
language
skills
in
schoolchildren.
discuss
how
technical
limitations
common
techniques
such
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(fMRI)
have
resulted
our
limited
understanding
neural
development,
while
fNIRS
would
be
suitable
child-friendly
method
examine
Moreover,
enables
us
go
schools
collect
large
samples
data
from
children
ecologically
valid
settings.
Furthermore,
report
findings
studies
fields
language,
followed
by
discussion
outlook
these
fields.
suggest
an
additional
track
field
educational
neuroscience.
PeerJ,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
7, P. e6833 - e6833
Published: May 3, 2019
Cognitive
processes
are
required
during
walking
to
appropriately
respond
environmental
and
task
demands.
There
now
many
studies
that
have
used
functional
Near-Infrared
Spectroscopy
(fNIRS)
record
brain
activation
investigate
neural
bases
of
cognitive
contributions
in
gait.
The
aim
this
systematic
review
was
summarize
the
published
research
regarding
Prefrontal
cortical
(PFC)
patterns
simple
complex
tasks
young
adults,
older
adults
clinical
groups
with
balance
disorders
using
fNIRS.
Our
secondary
evaluate
each
included
study
based
on
methodological
reporting
criteria
important
for
good
data
quality.We
conducted
searches
June
2018
four
databases:
Embase,
PubMed,
Scopus
PsycINFO.
strategy
search
was:
(((((near
infrared
spectroscopy)
OR
near
nirs)
fnirs)
AND
(((gait)
walking)
locomotion)
(((((young)
adult)
older)
elderly)
NOT
children))
(((Brain)
cortex)
cortical)
our
search.
papers
met
specific
criteria:
(i)
fNIRS
measure
PFC
patterns;
(ii)
(simple
complex)
and;
(iii)
assessed
people,
people
and/or
disorders.Thirty
five
(describing
75
comparisons)
308
retrieved
through
inclusion
criteria.
Based
6
considerations,
20
were
high
quality,
10
medium
quality
5
low
quality.
Eleven/20
comparisons
23/37
15/18
reported
increased
complexity.
majority
verbal
fluency,
counting
backwards
or
motor
increases
(83%,
64%
58%
these
studies,
respectively).
In
contrast,
no
found
visual
activation.Increased
most
common
involved
walks
comprising
fluency
arithmetic
tasks.
Clinical
generally
showed
irrespective
type
performed
which
suggests
require
more
attentional
resources
safe
walking.
Systematic
registration
number:
PROSPERO
2017
-
CRD42017059501.
Neurorehabilitation and neural repair,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
34(10), P. 915 - 924
Published: Aug. 31, 2020
Background
Declines
in
gait
parameters
are
common
with
aging
and
more
pronounced
tasks
increased
executive
demand.
However,
the
neural
correlates
of
age-related
impairments
not
fully
understood
yet.
Objectives
To
investigate
(
a)
effects
on
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC)
activity
during
usual
walking,
obstacle
crossing
dual-task
walking
b)
association
between
PFC
measures
function.
Methods
Eighty-eight
healthy
individuals
were
distributed
into
6
age-groups:
20-25
(G20),
30-35
(G30),
40-45
(G40),
50-55
(G50),
60-65
(G60),
70-75
years
(G70).
Participants
walked
overground
under
3
conditions:
crossing,
walking.
Changes
oxygenated
deoxygenated
hemoglobin
recorded
using
functional
near-infrared
spectroscopy.
Gait
spatiotemporal
assessed
an
electronic
walkway.
Executive
function
was
through
validated
tests.
Results
Between-group
differences
observed
for
all
conditions.
Multiple
groups
(ie,
G30,
G50,
G60,
G70)
showed
at
least
one
Young
adults
(G20
G30)
had
lowest
levels
while
G60
highest
levels.
Only
G70
reduced
(which
walking).
related
to
Conclusions
Aging
causes
a
gradual
increase
This
compensatory
mechanism
may
reach
resource
ceiling
70s,
when
limits
its
efficiency
observed.
