Translational Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: March 21, 2025
Anhedonia,
as
one
of
the
core
symptoms
major
depressive
disorder
(MDD),
has
been
regarded
a
potential
endophenotype
disease.
Multiple
studies
have
evaluated
mechanisms
anhedonia
in
MDD,
and
found
that
MDD
patients
with
showed
different
functions
clinical
features.
In
this
review,
we
focus
on
research
to
explore
differences
between
without
manifestations
biological
alterations,
elaborate
treatments
prognosis
anhedonia.
It
is
demonstrated
associated
adverse
outcomes
including
more
severe
episode
suicidality,
poor
MDD.
At
level,
seem
present
higher
levels
inflammatory
factors,
abnormal
metabolic
function
hypermetabolism
BDNF.
brain
imaging
studies,
there
are
some
structural
and/
or
functional
changes
multiple
regions
subcortical
cortical
areas,
well
limbic
system
Meanwhile,
preliminary
findings
also
indicated
associations
intestinal
flora
imbalance
Moreover,
evidence
benefit
selective
serotonin
reuptake
inhibitors
seemed
limited
anhedonia,
other
psychotherapy,
physical
therapy
probiotic
interventions
remained
be
explored
but
interesting
potential.
Therefore,
increased
awareness
anhedonic
unique
features
would
improved
early
diagnosis
therapeutic
effects
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
21(3), P. 224 - 244
Published: Jan. 17, 2022
Over
the
past
two
decades,
compelling
evidence
has
emerged
indicating
that
immune
mechanisms
can
contribute
to
pathogenesis
of
major
depressive
disorder
(MDD)
and
drugs
with
primary
targets
improve
symptoms.
Patients
MDD
are
heterogeneous
respect
symptoms,
treatment
responses
biological
correlates.
Defining
a
narrower
patient
group
based
on
biology
could
increase
response
rates
in
certain
subgroups:
advance
clinical
psychiatry.
For
example,
patients
elevated
pro-inflammatory
biomarkers
less
likely
respond
conventional
antidepressant
drugs,
but
novel
immune-based
therapeutics
potentially
address
their
unmet
needs.
This
article
outlines
framework
for
developing
targeting
subtype
within
reviews
current
state
neuroimmune
drug
development
mood
disorders.
We
discuss
causal
role
depression,
together
under
investigation
randomized
controlled
trials,
biomarker
elucidating
link
neural
mechanisms,
phenotypic
selection
strategies,
need
among
MDD.
Pharmacological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
75(1), P. 62 - 158
Published: Dec. 8, 2022
The
neurotransmitter
dopamine
is
a
key
factor
in
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
function,
regulating
many
processes
including
reward,
movement,
and
cognition.
Dopamine
also
regulates
critical
functions
peripheral
organs,
such
as
blood
pressure,
renal
activity,
intestinal
motility.
Beyond
these
functions,
growing
body
of
evidence
indicates
that
an
important
immunoregulatory
factor.
Most
types
immune
cells
express
receptors
other
dopaminergic
proteins,
take
up,
produce,
store,
and/or
release
dopamine,
suggesting
immunomodulation
for
function.
Targeting
pathways
could
be
promising
avenue
the
treatment
inflammation
disease,
but
despite
increasing
research
this
area,
data
on
specific
effects
disease
remain
inconsistent
poorly
understood.
Therefore,
review
integrates
current
knowledge
role
cell
function
inflammatory
signaling
across
systems.
We
discuss
understanding
regulation
CNS
tissues,
highlighting
diseases
Parkinson’s
several
neuropsychiatric
conditions,
neurologic
human
immunodeficiency
virus,
bowel
rheumatoid
arthritis,
others.
Careful
consideration
given
to
influence
experimental
design
results,
we
note
number
areas
need
further
research.
Overall,
our
immunology
at
cellular,
tissue,
level
prompts
development
therapeutics
strategies
targeted
toward
ameliorating
through
immunity.
Significance
Statement
Canonically,
recognized
involved
cognition,
reward.
However,
acts
modulator
periphery.
This
comprehensively
assesses
pathogenesis
cellular
tissue
level.
will
provide
broad
access
information
fields,
identify
investigation,
drive
therapeutic
strategies.
Current Neuropharmacology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
22(4), P. 557 - 635
Published: May 3, 2023
Abstract:
This
narrative
state-of-the-art
review
paper
describes
the
progress
in
understanding
and
treatment
of
Posttraumatic
Stress
Disorder
(PTSD).
Over
last
four
decades,
scientific
landscape
has
matured,
with
many
interdisciplinary
contributions
to
its
diagnosis,
etiology,
epidemiology.
Advances
genetics,
neurobiology,
stress
pathophysiology,
brain
imaging
have
made
it
apparent
that
chronic
PTSD
is
a
systemic
disorder
high
allostatic
load.
The
current
state
includes
wide
variety
pharmacological
psychotherapeutic
approaches,
which
are
evidence-based.
However,
myriad
challenges
inherent
disorder,
such
as
individual
barriers
good
outcome,
comorbidity,
emotional
dysregulation,
suicidality,
dissociation,
substance
use,
trauma-related
guilt
shame,
often
render
response
suboptimal.
These
discussed
drivers
for
emerging
novel
including
early
interventions
Golden
Hours,
interventions,
medication
augmentation
use
psychedelics,
well
targeting
nervous
system.
All
this
aims
improve
symptom
relief
clinical
outcomes.
Finally,
phase
orientation
recognized
tool
strategize
position
step
progression
pathophysiology.
Revisions
guidelines
systems
care
will
be
needed
incorporate
innovative
treatments
evidence
emerges
they
become
mainstream.
generation
well-positioned
address
devastating
disabling
impact
traumatic
events
through
holistic,
cutting-edge
efforts
research.
General Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
35(1), P. e100724 - e100724
Published: Feb. 1, 2022
There
is
an
increasing
heavy
disease
burden
of
major
depressive
disorder
(MDD)
globally.
Both
high
diagnostic
heterogeneity
and
complicated
pathological
mechanisms
MDD
pose
significant
challenges.
much
evidence
to
support
anhedonia
as
a
core
feature
MDD.
In
the
Diagnostic
Statistical
Manual
Mental
Disorders,
Fifth
Edition,
further
emphasised
key
item
in
diagnosis
depression
with
melancholic
features.
Anhedonia
multifaceted
symptom
that
includes
deficits
various
aspects
reward
processing,
such
anticipatory
anhedonia,
consummatory
decision-making
anhedonia.
expected
become
important
clinicopathological
sign
for
predicting
treatment
outcome
assisting
clinical
decision
making.
However,
precise
neurobiological
are
not
clearly
understood.
this
paper,
we
reviewed
(1)
current
understanding
link
between
MDD;
(2)
biological
basis
mechanism
(3)
challenges
research
on
A
more
in-depth
associated
will
improve
diagnosis,
prediction,
patients
future.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
65(4), P. 538 - 567
Published: March 1, 2024
Depression
is
a
serious
public
health
problem,
and
adolescence
an
‘age
of
risk’
for
the
onset
Major
Depressive
Disorder.
Recently,
we
others
have
proposed
neuroimmune
network
models
that
highlight
bidirectional
communication
between
brain
immune
system
in
both
mental
physical
health,
including
depression.
These
draw
on
research
indicating
cellular
actors
(particularly
monocytes)
signaling
molecules
cytokines)
orchestrate
inflammation
periphery
can
directly
modulate
structure
function
brain.
In
brain,
inflammatory
activity
heightens
sensitivity
to
threats
cortico‐amygdala
circuit,
lowers
rewards
cortico‐striatal
alters
executive
control
emotion
regulation
prefrontal
cortex.
When
dysregulated,
particularly
under
conditions
chronic
stress,
generate
feelings
dysphoria,
distress,
anhedonia.
This
initiate
unhealthy,
self‐medicating
behaviors
(e.g.
substance
use,
poor
diet)
manage
which
further
heighten
inflammation.
Over
time,
dysregulation
these
circuits
response
may
compound
each
other
form
positive
feedback
loop,
whereby
one
organ
exacerbates
other.
We
suggest
this
dynamic
joint
vulnerability
depression,
during
adolescence.
three
goals
present
paper.
First,
extend
developmental
framework
risk
depression
Second,
examine
how
perspective
help
explain
high
rates
comorbidity
psychiatric
disorders
across
development,
multimorbidity
stress‐related
medical
illnesses.
Finally,
consider
identifying
pathways
facilitate
‘next
generation’
behavioral
biological
interventions
target
treat,
ideally
prevent,
youth
adolescents.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(14), P. 11478 - 11478
Published: July 14, 2023
Dopamine
is
a
well-known
neurotransmitter
due
to
its
involvement
in
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD).
not
only
involved
PD
but
also
controls
multiple
mental
and
physical
activities,
such
as
the
pleasure
of
food,
friends
loved
ones,
music,
art,
mood,
cognition,
motivation,
fear,
affective
disorders,
addiction,
attention
deficit
disorder,
depression,
schizophrenia.
Dopaminergic
neurons
(DOPAn)
are
susceptible
stressors,
inflammation
recognized
risk
for
neuronal
malfunctioning
cell
death
major
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Less
known
non-neurodegenerative
conditions.
Among
endogenous
defenses,
bilirubin,
heme
metabolite,
has
been
shown
possess
important
anti-inflammatory
activity
and,
most
importantly,
prevent
DOPAn
demise
an
ex
vivo
model
by
acting
on
tumor
necrosis
factor-alpha
(TNFα).
This
review
summarizes
evidence
linking
DOPAn,
(when
possible,
specifically
TNFα),
bilirubin
order
understand
what
known,
gaps
that
need
filling,
hypotheses
strategies
preserve
dopamine
homeostasis
with
included.