ApoE-Isoform-Dependent SARS-CoV-2 Neurotropism and Cellular Response

Cell stem cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 331 - 342.e5

Published: Jan. 4, 2021

Language: Английский

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Fatigue, Sleep, and Autoimmune and Related Disorders

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Aug. 6, 2019

Profound and debilitating fatigue is the most common complaint reported among individuals with autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, celiac chronic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis. Fatigue multi-faceted broadly defined, which makes understanding cause of its manifestations especially difficult in conditions diverse pathology including diseases. In general, defined by periods exhaustion that interfere normal activities. The severity duration episodes vary, but can difficulty for even simple tasks like climbing stairs or crossing room. exact mechanisms are not well understood, perhaps due to broad definition. Nevertheless, physiological processes known play a role include oxygen/nutrient supply, metabolism, mood, motivation, sleepiness—all affected inflammation. Additionally, an important contributing element central nervous system—a region impacted either directly indirectly numerous related disorders. This review describes how inflammation system contribute suggests potential involved likely exhibited

Language: Английский

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Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown: An Emerging Biomarker of Cognitive Impairment in Normal Aging and Dementia

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 19, 2021

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in maintaining the specialized microenvironment of neural tissue. It separates peripheral circulatory system from brain parenchyma while facilitating communication. Alterations distinct physiological properties BBB lead to breakdown associated with normal aging and various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we first briefly discuss process, then review phenotypes mechanisms that further cause neurodegeneration cognitive impairments. We also summarize dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) vascular (VaD) subsequently disruption correlated cognition decline. Overlaps between AD VaD are discussed. Techniques could identify biomarkers summarized. Finally, concluded be used an emerging biomarker assist diagnose impairment dementia.

Language: Английский

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Age-Associated Changes in the Immune System and Blood–Brain Barrier Functions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 1632 - 1632

Published: April 2, 2019

Age is associated with altered immune functions that may affect the brain. Brain barriers, including blood–brain barrier (BBB) and blood–CSF (BCSFB), are important interfaces for neuroimmune communication, affected by aging. In this review, we explore novel mechanisms which aging system alters central nervous responses, a focus on brain barriers. Specific emphasis will be recent works have identified BBB/BCSFB change age, interactions of BBB age-associated factors, contributions to neurological disorders. Understanding how age responses pathological insults could provide insight role in progression cognitive decline neurodegenerative disease.

Language: Английский

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Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with the Blood–Brain Barrier

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. 2681 - 2681

Published: March 6, 2021

Emerging data indicate that neurological complications occur as a consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is critical interface regulates entry circulating molecules into the CNS, and regulated by signals arise from brain blood compartments. In this review, we discuss mechanisms which SARS-CoV-2 interactions with BBB may contribute to dysfunction associated disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused SARS-CoV-2. We consider aspects peripheral disease, such hypoxia systemic inflammatory response syndrome/cytokine storm, well CNS infection viral brain. also contribution risk factors for developing COVID-19 could increase or otherwise damage

Language: Английский

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Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction

Inflammation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 44(6), P. 2143 - 2150

Published: July 21, 2021

Language: Английский

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Strategies for Structural Modification of Small Molecules to Improve Blood–Brain Barrier Penetration: A Recent Perspective

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 64(18), P. 13152 - 13173

Published: Sept. 10, 2021

In the development of central nervous system (CNS) drugs, blood–brain barrier (BBB) restricts many drugs from entering brain to exert therapeutic effects. Although novel delivery methods large molecule have been designed assist transport, small account for vast majority CNS used clinically. From this perspective, we review studies past five years that sought modify molecules increase exposure. Medicinal chemists make it easier cross BBB by improving diffusion, reducing efflux, and activating carrier transporters. On basis their excellent work, summarize strategies structural modification improve penetration. These are expected provide a reference future drugs.

Language: Английский

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Advances of medical nanorobots for future cancer treatments

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: July 14, 2023

Early detection and diagnosis of many cancers is very challenging. Late stage a cancer always leads to high mortality rates. It imperative develop novel more sensitive effective therapeutic methods for treatments. The development new treatments has become crucial aspect medical advancements. Nanobots, as one the most promising applications nanomedicines, are at forefront multidisciplinary research. With progress nanotechnology, nanobots enable assembly deployment functional molecular/nanosized machines increasingly being utilized in treatment. In recent years, various practical have transitioned from theory practice, vitro experiments vivo applications. this paper, we review analyze advancements treatments, with particular emphasis on their key fundamental features drug delivery, tumor sensing diagnosis, targeted therapy, minimally invasive surgery, other comprehensive At same time, discuss challenges potential research opportunities revolutionizing future, expected sophisticated capable performing multiple functions tasks, ultimately becoming true nanosubmarines bloodstream.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and cognitive impairment: neuroinvasive and blood‒brain barrier dysfunction

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a global pandemic. Although COVID-19 was initially described as disease, there is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 able invade the brains of patients and cause cognitive impairment. It been reported may have invasive effects on variety cranial nerves, including olfactory, trigeminal, optic, vagus spread other brain regions via infected nerve endings, retrograde transport, transsynaptic transmission. In addition, blood-brain barrier (BBB), composed neurovascular units (NVUs) lining microvasculature, acts physical between cells circulating immune system regulate transfer substances blood parenchyma. Therefore, BBB be an important structure for direct indirect interaction with circulation. this review, we assessed potential involvement neuroinvasion under infection, impact disorder infection

Language: Английский

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TNF-α and IL-1β Modulate Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Decrease Amyloid-β Peptide Efflux in a Human Blood-Brain Barrier Model

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(18), P. 10235 - 10235

Published: Sept. 6, 2022

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selective and functional gatekeeper for the central nervous system (CNS), essential maintaining brain homeostasis. BBB composed of specialized endothelial cells (BECs) lining capillaries. tight junctions formed by BECs regulate paracellular transport, whereas transcellular transport regulated transporters, pumps receptors. Cytokine-induced neuroinflammation, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) interleukin-1β (IL-1β), appear to play role in dysfunction contribute progression Alzheimer's disease (AD) contributing amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide accumulation. Here, we investigated whether TNF-α IL-1β modulate permeability alter Aβ across BECs. We used human vitro model based on use brain-like (BLECs) obtained from derived CD34+ stem cocultivated with pericytes. demonstrated that differentially induced changes BLECs' inducing alterations organization junctional complexes well transcelluar trafficking. Further, act directly BLECs decreasing LRP1 BCRP protein expression specific efflux peptide. These results provide mechanisms which CNS inflammation might promote A future therapeutic intervention targeting vascular at may have potential slow down AD.

Language: Английский

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