Gut Microbes,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: March 25, 2022
A
global
rise
in
antimicrobial
resistance
among
pathogenic
bacteria
has
proved
to
be
a
major
public
health
threat,
with
the
rate
of
multidrug-resistant
bacterial
infections
increasing
over
time.
The
gut
microbiome
been
studied
as
reservoir
antibiotic
genes
(ARGs)
that
can
transferred
pathogens
via
horizontal
gene
transfer
(HGT)
conjugative
plasmids
and
mobile
genetic
elements
(the
resistome).
Advances
metagenomic
sequencing
have
facilitated
identification
resistome
modulators,
including
live
microbial
therapeutics
such
probiotics
fecal
transplantation
either
expand
or
reduce
abundances
ARG-carrying
gut.
While
many
different
microbes
encode
for
ARGs,
they
are
not
uniformly
distributed
across,
transmitted
by,
various
members
microbiome,
all
equal
clinical
relevance.
Both
experimental
theoretical
approaches
ecology
applied
understand
differing
frequencies
ARG
between
commensal
well
commensals
pathogens.
In
this
commentary,
we
assess
evidence
role
encoding
genes,
degree
which
shared
both
other
pathogens,
host
environmental
factors
impact
dynamics.
We
further
discuss
novel
sequencing-based
identifying
ARGs
predicting
future
events
clinically
relevant
from
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: March 23, 2022
Antibiotic
resistance
genes
(ARGs)
have
accelerated
microbial
threats
to
human
health
in
the
last
decade.
Many
can
confer
resistance,
but
evaluating
relative
risks
of
ARGs
is
complex.
Factors
such
as
abundance,
propensity
for
lateral
transmission
and
ability
be
expressed
pathogens
are
all
important.
Here,
an
analysis
at
metagenomic
level
from
various
habitats
(6
types
habitats,
4572
samples)
detects
2561
that
collectively
conferred
24
classes
antibiotics.
We
quantitatively
evaluate
risk
humans,
defined
will
confound
clinical
treatment
pathogens,
these
by
integrating
accessibility,
mobility,
pathogenicity
availability.
Our
results
demonstrate
23.78%
pose
a
risk,
especially
those
which
multidrug
resistance.
also
calculate
antibiotic
samples
four
main
with
machine
learning,
successfully
map
global
marine
over
75%
accuracy.
novel
method
surveilling
help
manage
one
most
important
animal
health.
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
140, P. 105733 - 105733
Published: April 27, 2020
A
comprehensive
monitoring
of
a
broad
set
antibiotics
in
the
final
effluent
wastewater
treatment
plants
(WWTPs)
7
European
countries
(Portugal,
Spain,
Ireland,
Cyprus,
Germany,
Finland,
and
Norway)
was
carried
out
two
consecutive
years
(2015
2016).
This
is
first
study
this
kind
performed
at
an
international
level.
Within
53
monitored
17
were
detected
least
once
WWTPs,
i.e.:
ciprofloxacin,
ofloxacin,
enrofloxacin,
orbifloxacin,
azithromycin,
clarithromycin,
sulfapyridine,
sulfamethoxazole,
trimethoprim,
nalidixic
acid,
pipemidic
oxolinic
cefalexin,
clindamycin,
metronidazole,
ampicillin,
tetracycline.
The
exhibiting
highest
average
concentrations
Ireland
southern
Portugal
whereas
northern
(Norway,
Finland
Germany)
Cyprus
exhibited
lower
total
concentration.
antibiotic
occurrence
data
effluents
used
for
assessment
their
impact
on
aquatic
environment.
Both,
environmental
predicted
no
effect
concentration
(PNEC-ENVs)
PNECs
based
minimal
inhibitory
(PNEC-MICs)
considered
evaluation
microbial
communities
systems
evolution
resistance,
respectively.
Based
analysis,
three
compounds,
azithromycin
cefalexin
are
proposed
as
markers
pollution,
they
could
occasionally
pose
risk
to
Integrated
studies
like
crucial
map
pollution
provide
basis
designing
water
quality
regular
programs.
npj Clean Water,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
3(1)
Published: Feb. 19, 2020
Abstract
Antibiotics
are
widely
used
in
animal
husbandry,
and
various
types
of
antibiotic
resistance
genes
(ARGs)
frequently
detected
livestock
waste
around
the
world.
Conventional
treatment
processes
do
not
completely
remove
ARGs,
resulting
their
release
to
soil
water
environments.
Various
exposure
routes
these
ARGs
humans,
including
inhalation
ingestion
antibiotic-resistant
bacteria
(ARB)
that
harbor
them,
may
be
contributing
rise
resistant
clinical
infections
increasingly
difficult
treat
with
antibiotics.
In
this
review,
we
assess
occurrence
variability
wastes
potential
propagation
pathways
human
pathogens.
We
also
review
mechanisms
environmental
factors
influence
dissemination
through
pathways,
evaluate
ARG
removal
efficiency
common
management
approaches.
Challenges
research
needs
for
assessing
mitigating
risk
from
presented.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Nov. 25, 2021
Antibiotic
resistance
(ABR)
is
a
growing
public
health
concern
worldwide,
and
it
now
regarded
as
critical
One
Health
issue.
Health's
interconnected
domains
contribute
to
the
emergence,
evolution,
spread
of
antibiotic-resistant
microorganisms
on
local
global
scale,
which
significant
risk
factor
for
health.
The
persistence
resistant
microbial
species,
association
determinants
at
human-animal-environment
interface
can
alter
genomes,
resulting
in
superbugs
various
niches.
ABR
motivated
by
well-established
link
between
three
domains:
human,
animal,
environmental
As
result,
addressing
through
approach
makes
sense.
Several
countries
have
implemented
national
action
plans
based
combat
microbes,
following
Tripartite's
Commitment
Food
Agriculture
Organization
(FAO)-World
Animal
(OIE)-World
(WHO)
guidelines.
has
been
identified
concern,
efforts
are
being
made
mitigate
this
threat.
To
summarize,
interdisciplinary
unified
approaches
principles
required
limit
dissemination
cycle,
raise
awareness
education
about
antibiotic
use,
promote
policy,
advocacy,
antimicrobial
stewardship.
European Journal of Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
866, P. 172813 - 172813
Published: Nov. 18, 2019
The
environmental
occurrence
of
antimicrobial
pharmaceuticals
and
antibiotic
resistant
bacteria
genes
has
become
a
global
phenomenon
multifaceted
threat.
Integrated
actions
many
parties
are
needed
to
prevent
further
aggravation
the
problem.
Well-directed
require
clear
understanding
problem,
which
can
be
ensured
by
frequent
revaluation
existing
knowledge
disseminating
it
among
relevant
audiences.
goal
this
review
paper
is
discuss
abundance
in
aquatic
environment
context
adverse
effects
caused
directly
these
substances
threat
associated
with
antibiotics
resistance
phenomenon.
Several
classes
(aminoglycosides,
β-lactams,
glycopeptides,
macrolides,
fluoroquinolones,
sulfonamides
trimethoprim,
tetracyclines)
have
been
selected
illustrate
their
sources,
abundance,
degradation
routes
(transformation
products)
implications
including
ecotoxic
effect
spread
within
compartments
wastewater
treatment
plants.
Wastewater
plants
indeed
main
source
responsible
for
prevalence
factors
environment,
since
predominantly
not
designed
retain
pharmaceuticals.
In
order
limit
impurities
into
better
control
recommended
as
well
establishment
stricter
quality
standards.
Counteracting
all
above-mentioned
threats
requires
undertake
integrated
activities
based
on
cooperation
professionals
scientists
from
various
fields
science
or
industry,
such
sciences,
medicine,
veterinary,
pharmacology,
chemical
engineering
others.