Extending the natural adaptive capacity of coral holobionts

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(11), P. 747 - 762

Published: Oct. 12, 2021

Language: Английский

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Applying coral breeding to reef restoration: best practices, knowledge gaps, and priority actions in a rapidly evolving field

Restoration Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(7)

Published: April 3, 2023

Reversing coral reef decline requires reducing environmental threats while actively restoring ecological structure and function. A promising restoration approach uses breeding to boost natural recruitment repopulate reefs with genetically diverse communities. Recent advances in predicting spawning, capturing spawn, culturing larvae, rearing settlers have enabled the successful propagation, settlement, outplanting of offspring all world's major regions. Nevertheless, efforts frequently yield low survival, reflecting type III survivorship curve corals poor condition most targeted for restoration. Furthermore, programs are still limited spatial scale species diversity. Here, we highlight four priority areas research cooperative innovation increase effectiveness restoration: (1) expanding number sites species, (2) improving broodstock selection maximize genetic diversity adaptive capacity restored populations, (3) enhancing culture conditions improve health before after outplanting, (4) scaling up infrastructure technologies large‐scale Prioritizing these will enable practitioners address at relevant scales, re‐establish self‐sustaining ensure long‐term success interventions. Overall, aim guide community toward actions opportunities that can rapid technical larval breeding, foster interdisciplinary collaborations, ultimately achieve reefs.

Language: Английский

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Signatures of selection underpinning rapid coral adaptation to the world’s warmest reefs

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(2)

Published: Jan. 12, 2022

Population genomics reveals loci associated with coral adaptation to thermally extreme reefs.

Language: Английский

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Horizon scan of rapidly advancing coral restoration approaches for 21st century reef management

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 125 - 136

Published: Feb. 4, 2022

Coral reef restoration activity is accelerating worldwide in efforts to offset the rate of health declines. Many advances have already been made practices centred on coral biology (coral restoration), and particularly those that look employ high adaptive state capacity corals order ensure rebuilding biomass also equip reefs with enhanced resilience future stress. We horizon scan state-of-play for many innovations underway across complex life cycle spans both asexual sexual reproduction — assisted evolution (manipulations targeted host host-associated microbes), biobanking, as well scalable propagation planting how these are different stages maturity support new 21st century management frameworks. Realising potential tools aids undoubtedly rests validating approaches their application continues scale. Whilst ecosystem service responses increased scaling still largely remain be seen, has delivered immense understanding coral-associated microbial long lagged behind other sciences.

Language: Английский

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Within-population variability in coral heat tolerance indicates climate adaptation potential

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 289(1981)

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

Coral reefs are facing unprecedented mass bleaching and mortality events due to marine heatwaves climate change. To avoid extirpation, corals must adapt. Individual variation in heat tolerance its heritability underpin the potential for coral adaptation. However, magnitude of variability within populations is largely unresolved. We address this knowledge gap by exposing from a single reef an experimental heatwave. found that double stress dosage was required induce most-tolerant 10%, compared least-tolerant 10% population. By end exposure, all were dead, whereas remained alive. contextualize scale result over coming century, we show under ambitious future emissions scenario, such differences thresholds equate up 17 years delay until onset annual conditions. limited only 10 high scenario. Our results substantial which suggests scope natural or assisted evolution limit impacts change short-term. For persist through adaptation keep pace with ocean warming, reductions be realized.

Language: Английский

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Oceanic differences in coral-bleaching responses to marine heatwaves

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 871, P. 162113 - 162113

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Anomalously high ocean temperatures have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration over the last several decades because of greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming marine heatwaves. Reef-building corals are sensitive to such temperature anomalies commonly lead coral bleaching, mortality, changes community structure. Yet, despite these overarching effects, there geographical differences thermal regimes, evolutionary histories, past disturbances may different bleaching responses within among oceans. Here we examined overall Atlantic, Indian, Pacific Oceans, using both a spatially explicit Bayesian mixed-effects model deep-learning neural-network model. We used 40-year dataset encompassing 23,288 coral-reef surveys at 11,058 sites 88 countries, from 1980 2020. Focusing on ocean-wide assessed relationships between percentage bleached temperature-related metrics alongside suite environmental variables. found while sea-surface were consistently, strongly, related all oceans, clear most For instance, was an increase with depth Atlantic Ocean whereas opposite observed Indian Ocean, no trend could be seen Ocean. The standard deviation thermal-stress negatively but not Globally, has progressively occurred higher four although, again, three Together, patterns highlight historical circumstances oceanographic conditions play central role contemporary coral-bleaching responses.

Language: Английский

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Mitigating the ecological collapse of coral reef ecosystems

EMBO Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4)

Published: March 2, 2023

Science & Society2 March 2023Open Access Transparent process Mitigating the ecological collapse of coral reef ecosystems Effective strategies to preserve Christian R Voolstra Corresponding Author [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-4555-3795 Department Biology, University Konstanz, Germany Contribution: Conceptualization, Writing - original draft, review editing Search for more papers by this author Raquel S Peixoto orcid.org/0000-0002-9536-3132 Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia Christine Ferrier-Pagès orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-4486 Coral Ecophysiology Team, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monte Carlo, Monaco Information *,1, *,2 *,3 1Department 2Red 3Coral *Corresponding author. E-mail: EMBO Reports (2023)24:e56826https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.202356826 PDFDownload PDF article text main figures. Peer ReviewDownload a summary editorial decision including letters, reviewer comments responses feedback. ToolsAdd favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyWechatReddit Figures Info are biodiversity hotspots that provide habitat about third all marine species (Fisher et al, 2015)—which is why colloquially they referred as "rainforests sea". In addition their immense importance, reefs offer wealth ecosystem services millions people, provision food commercial fisheries, tourism, sand production, carbon sequestration, coastal protection from storms (Eddy 2021). The crucial organisms establish expand corals, sessile animals build impressive three-dimensional structures through calcium carbonate skeletons, rivaling busy cityscapes. … holobionts fragile threatened local global stressors point where very existence globally now at stake. But corals cannot achieve these constructions alone. Rather, have rely on multitude little helpers. fact, so-called or metaorganisms encompass myriad associated symbiotic microorganisms, collectively microbiome includes archaea, bacteria, fungi, viruses, microeukaryotes, most importantly, Symbiodiniaceae (LaJeunesse 2018; These dinoflagellate photosynthetic microalgae live inside cells them with energy construct skeletons. Despite massive lasting create, stake (Allen 2018). Climate change, owing increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused human activities, greatest threat reefs. GHG change conditions in several ways, ocean warming, acidification, an increased frequency intensity tropical heatwaves Frölicher While can locally devastate seawater acidification reduces calcification rates taxa thus skeletal growth (Mollica 2018), warmer waters pose significant (Kleypas 2021; Knowlton Extended periods high temperature cause heat stress, which triggers breakdown symbiosis between Symbiodiniaceae, phenomenon known bleaching (Suggett Smith, 2020). Mass has been over past decade(s) 30% decline population (Eakin 2022). Recent estimations predict that, if warming exceeds 1.5°C, 70–90% risk be lost, 99% will lost 2°C above pre-industrial temperatures (Hoegh-Guldberg actions save connected each other 'and' not 'or'. effects climate amplified stressors, such pollution, sedimentation, eutrophication, land clearing fertilizer use (Wiedenmann 2012). latter causes overgrowth macroalgae bioerosion algal skeletons endolithic algae. It affects microbiome, instance, abundance pathogens (Leite Taken together, driven 2022) along reduce important reef-forming taxa, decrease accretion dissolution sediments (Eyre further weaken stress resilience (Donovan 2021) (Fig 1). Figure 1.(A) A healthy moderate level bleaching. bleached colonies appear white recover stressful subside. (B) degraded dead remaining skeleton overgrown Some visible lower middle. Download figure PowerPoint CO2 emission mitigation pre-requisite follows must protected order 2). International Reef Society (ICRS) proposed three equally pillars saving restoring (Knowlton first one mitigating threats. Importantly, options premise we becoming neutral due time; words, "and" "or" 2.Global pressures led loss cover (left). (right): (A) emissions; mitigate (e.g., managing fish stocks improving water quality); (C) active restoration/rehabilitation. note without reducing curb below eventually neutral, still lose majority (C, right-hand side). interventions occur large areas effective should reinforced socio-economic incentives regulatory measures. necessary limit mean increase threshold trajectory become permanently Staying allow us protect resilient restore damaged Other sea surface (SST), pumping deep cool into modifying solar radiation—through shading, albedo enhancement, stratospheric aerosol injection, so on—represent geoengineering approaches offset impacts (National Academies Sciences, Engineering, Medicine, 2019). expensive best considered only small scale exhibit thermal deserve special protection, because communities evolved natural higher tolerance… Saving conservation Failure address undermine attempts threats, second pillar ICRS's guideline synergistically interact affect Although some under than 1.5°C present but slow, model estimates indicate combination reduced improved conditions, quality, maintain positive budget, is, (Kennedy 2013). Improving requires variety directly indirectly health recovery, reduction overfishing establishment complete partial (MPAs) and/or management zones watersheds nutrient loading river runoff (Mellin 2016). There Caribbean, Australia, Kenya, demonstrate impact recovery However, also adapted particular threats location (Voolstra For example, Gulf Aqaba (GoA) northern coined refuge SST rise withstand up +6°C maximum summer ex situ no mass observed (Osman Yet, immune other, are, indeed, affected antiscalants desalination plants, light pollution. Long-term monitoring national programs, science-guided management, engagement policymakers, well support communities, essential identify appropriate manage conditions. restoration rehabilitation anthropogenic being addressed, put forward ICRS, 2021), development implementation Given pace severity current impacts, efforts mandatory step while achieving neutrality Such customized target different entities holobiont, symbionts, prokaryotic community, microeukaryotes 2019; combine (van Oppen 2015; Boström-Einarsson 2020; Santoro Different levels degradation require (Peixoto Fig 3). considering stage ongoing widespread modern necessarily need integrate prevention concepts succeed, two terms therefore used interchangeably (Box 1) 3.Examples restore/rehabilitate loss. Restoration refers processes help ecosystems; improve adaptive capacity resilience. Many go hand-in-hand many entail component often interchangeably. Box 1. versus rehabilitation. definition "restoration" "Society Ecological Restoration" "the assisting degraded, damaged, destroyed". goals include re-establishment pre-existing composition community structure, environmental faced results future harboring compositions This recognized UNEP's guide restoration, term "coral restoration" describe measures "aim assist function, key face rising pressures, promoting sustainable delivery services". By comparison, "rehabilitation" centered notion "future-proof" reefs, it sufficient merely composition, enhance interventions, probiotic provision, hardening, similar measures, promote extend adaptation, Thus, throughout document consistency, accurately understood form At scale, counter particularly physically storms, disease outbreaks, bleaching, activities. useful option regrowth recruitment limited disturbances reduced. commonly methods involve removal predators reintroduction control macroalgal overgrowth, transplantation fragments intervening nursery phase (Boström-Einarsson One difference sexually asexually propagated addresses genetic diversity deployment artificial aggregation, substrate manipulations, release larvae after intermediate rearing selected measure(s) informed specific engage communities. tolerance, constituting "super reefs" (https://superreefs.whoi.edu), "priority (https://www.50reefs.org), "bright spots" (Cinner consideration potential constitute oases" (Guest turbid near mangroves, latitude upwelling areas, nutrient-rich sheltered waves. extent transferred debatable, particular, reside marginal environments featuring unique adjustments either when transplanted common environments. Consequently, long-term buffering against multiple rarely found. GoA corals—and "bleaching resistant" reefs—that exceptionally (Savary may exposed (local) pollution large, our understanding what underlies various costs trade-offs (Cornwell reintroducing enhancing biomass management/prevention adapt changes. laboratory experiments shown feeding planktonic prey significantly increases resistance (Grottoli 2006). observations found correlation patterns availability populations around world, suggesting phyto- zooplankton concentrations better able disturbance. heterotrophic diet provides macronutrients metals sustain photosynthesis enhances translocation symbionts host (Ferrier-Pagès Increasing nutritional quality plankton provided corals—by manipulating content fatty acids, metals, antioxidant compounds—might strategy health. knowledge, studies attempted alter during waves, partially broad measure biota unknown consequences. total, US National Science, Medicine lists 23 types assisted gene flow (AGF), evolution, colonization, cryopreservation, manipulation AGF aim genotypes within existing optimally suited (Humanes 2022), fitness distant introducing respective alleles populations. Corals survived waves those Persian/Arabian (PAG), highest world occur, good candidates exploring mechanisms means AGF. PAG heat-specialized endosymbiont, Cladocopium thermophilum (Hume 2016), expression heat-responsive genes. Assisted colonization stress-resistant variants AGF, although factors considered, coming back above-mentioned trade-offs. As such, material reproduced generate novel allele combinations convey harbor compatibility prevailing More sophisticated breeding genetically-modified organisms, new traits do exist created resilience… Nurseries accelerate out-planting produced crosses. cryopreserved sperm produce offspring, especially endangered (Hagedorn 2017). biggest challenges scaling smaller, laboratory-sized high-throughput reproduction. genetically modified 2015). To end, available, repeated exposure transgenerational acclimation epigenetic mechanisms, controversy remains (Torda Another approach discussed induction mutagenesis resistant strains, fidelity host–symbiont associations needs addressed Howells work (Buerger restructuring microeukaryotic probiotics (Ziegler 2017; 2019, Zhang exact underlying unclear, seem pathogen toxic compound among others. Continuous insult effectively alters beneficial pathogenic assemblage well-being. rather biomass, could focus extant Microbiome-based customizable applied preventive remediation 2017) holobiont (Zhang (Rosado 2019), oil (Silva thermally prevent mortality (Santoro challenge evaluate efficiency stewardship develop ways applications Securing "Modern" existed ~ 250 million years highly adaptable. study conducted Oculina patagonica showed severe losing tissues remain alive (Fine Tchernov, 2007); never really disappear, even do. long there hope cost effort perspective, enough repopulate once reached stabilized. pristine longer exist, pressure: tolerant recent repeat events, evidence certain clearly likely survive survival comes expense biodiversity, same past. emphases placed securing functions services. Under constraint, recognize ability consider prioritizing chance promotes regeneration through, larval dispersal. local, regional, scales propagation evolutionary (Colton achieved coordinated action science, policy, stakeholders Kleypas strategies, policies, outlined places, depending financial resources, socioeconomic circumstances. We triad emissions, undertaking restoration/rehabilitation, closing window opportunity secure ecosystems—for generations. Acknowledgement Open funding enabled organized Projekt DEAL. contributions Voolstra: Conceptualization; writing—original draft; writing—review editing. Peixoto: Ferrier-Pagès: Disclosure competing interests statement authors declare conflict interest. Supporting References Allen MR, Dube OP, Solecki W, Aragon-Durand F, Cramer Humphreys S, Zickfeld K (2018) Framing Context "in Global Warming 1.5°C: An IPCC Special Report related pathways, context strengthening response development, eradicate poverty.Google Scholar L, Babcock RC, Bayraktarov E, Ceccarelli D, Cook N, Ferse SCA, Hancock B, Harrison P, Hein M, Shaver E al (2020) systematic methods, successes, failures directions. PLoS 15: e0226631CrossrefCASPubMedWeb Science®Google Buerger Alvarez-Roa C, Coppin CW, Pearce SL, Chakravarti LJ, Oakeshott JG, Edwards OR, Van MJH Heat-evolved microalgal tolerance. Sci Adv 6: eaba2498CrossrefCASPubMedWeb Cinner JE, Huchery MacNeil MA, Graham NA, McClanahan TR, Maina J, Maire Kittinger JN, Hicks CC, Mora C (2016) Bright spots world's Nature 535: 416–419CrossrefCASPubMedWeb Colton McManus LC, Schindler DE, Mumby PJ, Palumbi SR, Webster MM, Essington TE, Fox HE, Forrest DL, Schill SR (2022) harness adaptation. Ecol Evol 1405–1407CrossrefPubMedWeb Cornwell Armstrong K, Walker NS, Lippert Nestor V, Golbuu Y, (2021) Widespread variation tolerance symbiont load tradeoffs Acropora hyacinthus Palau. eLife 10: e64790CrossrefCASPubMedGoogle Donovan MK, Burkepile Kratochwill Shlesinger T, Sully Oliver TA, Hodgson G, Freiwald van Woesik Local magnify heatwaves. 372: 977–980CrossrefCASPubMedWeb Eakin CM, Devotta Heron Connolly Liu Geiger Cour JDL, Gomez A, Skirving Baird 2014–17 event: destruction. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1555992/v1CrossrefGoogle Hoegh-Guldberg O, Kennedy EV, Beyer H, McClennen Possingham HP Trends 33: 936–944CrossrefPubMedWeb Allemand Anthony Baker AC, Beck MW, Hale LZ, Hilmi Hughes Kaufman L Designing blueprint survival. Biol Conserv 257: 109107CrossrefWeb Corcoran Felis Goeij Grottoli Harding Mayfield Miller Obura D Rebuilding reefs: decadal grand challenge. Bremen: Future Earth Coasts, 56 ppCrossrefGoogle LaJeunesse TC, Parkinson Gabrielson PW, Jeong HJ, Reimer JD, CR, Santos Systematic revision highlights antiquity endosymbionts. Curr 28: 2570–2580.e6CrossrefCASPubMedWeb (2019) research increa

Language: Английский

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Meta-analysis reveals less sensitivity of non-native animals than natives to extreme weather worldwide

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 2004 - 2027

Published: Nov. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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Achieving conservation and restoration outcomes through ecologically beneficial aquaculture

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(1)

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Abstract A range of conservation and restoration tools are needed to safeguard the structure function aquatic ecosystems. Aquaculture, culturing organisms, often contributes numerous stressors that ecosystems face, yet some aquaculture activities can also deliver ecological benefits. We reviewed literature on may contribute outcomes, either by enhancing persistence or recovery one more target species moving toward a state. identified 12 ecologically beneficial outcomes achievable via aquaculture: recovery, habitat restoration, rehabilitation, protection, bioremediation, assisted evolution, climate change mitigation, wild harvest replacement, coastal defense, removal overabundant species, biological control, ex situ conservation. This list be expanded as new applications discovered. Positive intentions do not guarantee positive so it is critical potentially evaluated clear measurable indicators success reduce potential abuse greenwashing. Unanimity indicators, related terminology will bring field aquaculture–environment interactions into line with consensus standards in ecology. Broad aid development future certification schemes for aquaculture.

Language: Английский

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Coral adaptive capacity insufficient to halt global transition of coral reefs into net erosion under climate change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(11), P. 3010 - 3018

Published: March 21, 2023

Abstract Projecting the effects of climate change on net reef calcium carbonate production is critical to understanding future impacts ecosystem function, but prior estimates have not included corals' natural adaptive capacity such change. Here we estimate how ability symbionts evolve tolerance heat stress, or for coral hosts shuffle favourable symbionts, and their combination, may influence responses combined ocean warming acidification under three representative concentration pathway (RCP) emissions scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 RCP8.5). We show that symbiont evolution shuffling, both individually when combined, favours persistent positive production. However, our projections (NCCP) vary spatially by RCP. For example, 19%–35% modelled reefs are still projected NCCP 2050 if can increased thermal tolerance, depending Without capacity, number with drops 9%–13% 2050. Accounting project median NCPP will occur low greenhouse (RCP2.6) in Indian Ocean, even moderate (RCP4.5) Pacific Ocean. be insufficient halt transition globally into erosion severe (RCP8.5).

Language: Английский

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