Multimodal‐Driven Magnetic Microrobots with Enhanced Bactericidal Activity for Biofilm Eradication and Removal from Titanium Mesh

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(23)

Published: March 30, 2023

Modern micro/nanorobots can perform multiple tasks for biomedical and environmental applications. Particularly, magnetic microrobots be completely controlled by a rotating field their motion powered without the use of toxic fuels, which makes them most promising application. Moreover, they are able to form swarms, allowing specific at larger scale than single microrobot. In this work, developed composed halloysite nanotubes as backbone iron oxide (Fe3 O4 ) nanoparticles material propulsion covered these with polyethylenimine load ampicillin prevent from disassembling. These exhibit multimodal robots well in swarms. addition, transform tumbling spinning vice-versa, when swarm mode change vortex ribbon back again. Finally, is used penetrate disrupt extracellular matrix Staphylococcus aureus biofilm colonized on titanium mesh bone restoration, improves effect antibiotic's activity. Such removal medical implants could reduce implant rejection improve patients' well-being.

Language: Английский

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Interdisciplinary‐Inspired Smart Antibacterial Materials and Their Biomedical Applications

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(17)

Published: July 20, 2023

Abstract The discovery of antibiotics has saved millions lives, but the emergence antibiotic‐resistant bacteria become another problem in modern medicine. To avoid or reduce overuse antibacterial treatments, stimuli‐responsive materials, pathogen‐targeting nanoparticles, immunogenic nano‐toxoids, and biomimetic materials are being developed to make sterilization better smarter than conventional therapies. common goal smart (SAMs) is increase antibiotic efficacy function via an mechanism different from that order biological properties while reducing risk drug resistance. research development SAMs increasingly interdisciplinary because new designs require knowledge fields input/collaboration scientists fields. A good understanding energy conversion physiological characteristics cells bacteria, bactericidal structures components nature expected promote SAMs. In this review, importance multidisciplinary insights for emphasized, latest advances categorized discussed according pertinent disciplines including science, physiology, biomimicry.

Language: Английский

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Untethered Small-Scale Machines for Microrobotic Manipulation: From Individual and Multiple to Collective Machines

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(14), P. 13081 - 13109

Published: July 13, 2023

Untethered small-scale machines (USSMs) that can actively adjust their motion, deformation, and collective states in response to external stimuli have gained enormous interest various manipulation, sensing, biomedical applications. Because they be efficiently operated confined tortuous environments, USSMs are capable of conducting wireless microrobotic manipulation tasks tethered find hard achieve. Over the past decade development, significant research progress has been achieved designing USSM-based strategies, which enabled by investigating machine-object, machine-environment, machine-machine interactions. This review summarizes latest developments for utilizing individual machines, coordinating multiple inducing behaviors. Providing recent studies relevant applications areas, we also discuss challenges future perspectives facing USSMs-based intelligent systems achieve complex environments with imaging-guided processes increasing autonomy levels.

Language: Английский

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Nanozyme‐Based Robotics Approach for Targeting Fungal Infection

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(10)

Published: May 4, 2023

Abstract Fungal pathogens have been designated by the World Health Organization as microbial threats of highest priority for global health. It remains a major challenge to improve antifungal efficacy at site infection while avoiding off‐target effects, fungal spreading, and drug tolerance. Here, nanozyme‐based microrobotic platform is developed that directs localized catalysis with microscale precision achieve targeted rapid killing. Using electromagnetic field frequency modulation fine‐scale spatiotemporal control, structured iron oxide nanozyme assemblies are formed display tunable dynamic shape transformation activation. The catalytic activity varies depending on motion, velocity, providing controllable reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Unexpectedly, bind avidly ( Candida albicans ) surfaces enable concentrated accumulation ROS‐mediated killing in situ. By exploiting these properties selective binding fungi, achieved using vivo‐like cell spheroid animal tissue models. Structured directed ‐infected sites programmable algorithms perform precisely guided spatial targeting on‐site resulting eradication within 10 min. This microrobotics approach provides uniquely effective therapeutic modality pathogen elimination site.

Language: Английский

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In vivoapplications of micro/nanorobots

Nanoscale, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(19), P. 8491 - 8507

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Untethered robots in the size range of micro/nano-scale offer unprecedented access to hard-to-reach areas body. In these challenging environments, autonomous task completion capabilities micro/nanorobots have been subject research recent years. However, most studies presented preliminary vitro results that can significantly differ under vivo settings. Here, we focus on conducted with animal models reveal current status micro/nanorobotic applications real-world conditions. By a categorization based target locations, highlight main strategies employed organs and other body parts. We also discuss key challenges require interest before successful translation clinic.

Language: Английский

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Modularized microrobot with lock-and-detachable modules for targeted cell delivery in bile duct

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(50)

Published: Dec. 15, 2023

The magnetic microrobots promise benefits in minimally invasive cell-based therapy. However, they generally suffer from an inevitable compromise between their responsiveness and biomedical functions. Herein, we report a modularized microrobot consisting of actuation (MA) cell scaffold (CS) modules. MA module with strong magnetism pH-responsive deformability the CS loading-release capabilities were fabricated by three-dimensional printing technique. Subsequently, assembly modules was performed designing shaft-hole structure customizing relative dimensions, which enabled navigation complex environments, while not deteriorating cellular functionalities. On-demand disassembly at targeted lesion then realized to facilitate delivery retrieval module. Furthermore, feasibility proposed system validated vivo rabbit bile duct. Therefore, this work presents modular design–based strategy that enables uncompromised fabrication multifunctional stimulates development for future

Language: Английский

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Review of the Applications of Micro/Nanorobots in Biomedicine

ACS Applied Nano Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(15), P. 17151 - 17192

Published: July 24, 2024

The advancement of precision medicine in modern biomedicine has been significantly propelled by the emergence micro/nanorobots. combination micro/nanorobots and offers unique advantages holds attractive potential for applications. It effectively addresses challenges encountered traditional robots areas such as driving, sensing, intelligence other aspects, especially application cancer cardiovascular diseases, which is a hot field interdisciplinary research recent years. This review succinctly delineates analyzes advancements First, achievements years are systematically classified introduced from four perspectives: manufacturing design, drive control, biomedical degradation. In particular, in-depth discussions were conducted regarding solutions each stage. Second, based on latest results applications, development direction industrial applications key technical aspects that need to be paid attention emphasized. Finally, we discuss opportunities future, it expected will become more sophisticated capable performing multiple medical functions tasks. They implemented vivo assist doctors diagnosing treating diseases. shows significant medicine.

Language: Английский

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Swarming Magnetic Fe ₃ O ₄ @Polydopamine-Tannic Acid Nanorobots: Integrating Antibiotic-Free Superficial Photothermal and Deep Chemical Strategies for Targeted Bacterial Elimination

Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Micro/nanorobots (MNRs) are envisioned to provide revolutionary changes therapies for infectious diseases as they can deliver various antibacterial agents or energies many hard-to-reach infection sites. However, existing MNRs face substantial challenges in addressing complex infections that progress from superficial deep tissues. Here, we develop swarming magnetic Fe 3 O 4 @polydopamine-tannic acid nanorobots (Fe @PDA-TA NRs) capable of performing targeted bacteria elimination complicated bacterial by integrating photothermal and chemical strategies. The nanoparticles (NPs), serving building blocks the nanorobots, fabricated situ polymerization dopamine followed TA adhesion. When driven alternating fields, NPs assemble into large energetic microswarms continuously flowing forward with tunable velocity. Thus, NRs be navigated achieve rapid broad coverage a area distance rapidly eradicate residing there upon exposure near-infrared (NIR) light due their efficient conversion. Additionally, concentrate at sites traversing through confined, narrow, tortuous passages, exerting sustained action surface TA-induced easy cell adhesion subsequent membrane destruction. Therefore, show great potential superficial-to-deep infections. This study may inspire development future therapeutic microsystems multifunction synergies, task flexibility, high efficiency.

Language: Английский

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Insect‐Scale Biped Robots Based on Asymmetrical Friction Effect Induced by Magnetic Torque

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(24)

Published: March 11, 2024

Abstract Multimodal and controllable locomotion in complex terrain is of great importance for practical applications insect‐scale robots. Robust plays a particularly critical role. In this study, mechanism magnetic robots based on asymmetrical friction effect induced by torque revealed defined. The defined overcomes the design constraints imposed both robot substrate structures, enabling realization multimodal terrains. Drawing inspiration from human walking running locomotion, biped proposed, which not only exhibits rapid across substrates with varying coefficients but also achieves precise along patterned trajectories through programmed controlling. Furthermore, apart its exceptional locomotive capabilities, demonstrates remarkable robustness terms load‐carrying weight‐bearing performance. presented herein introduce novel concept designing while offering extensive possibilities robotics.

Language: Английский

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Active Microrobots for Dual Removal of Biofilms via Chemical and Physical Mechanisms

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 3608 - 3619

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Bacterial biofilms are complex multicellular communities that adhere firmly to solid surfaces. They widely recognized as major threats human health, contributing issues such persistent infections on medical implants and severe contamination in drinking water systems. As a potential treatment for biofilms, this work proposes two strategies: (i) light-driven ZnFe2O4 (ZFO)/Pt microrobots photodegradation of (ii) magnetically driven ZFO mechanical removal from Magnetically were realized by synthesizing microspheres through low-cost large-scale hydrothermal synthesis, followed calcination process. Then, Pt layer was deposited the surface break their symmetry, resulting self-propelled Janus ZFO/Pt microrobots. Light-driven exhibited active locomotion under UV light irradiation controllable motion terms "stop go" features. capable maneuvering precisely when subjected an external rotating magnetic field. These could eliminate Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related antibacterial properties combination with light-powered locomotion, accelerating mass transfer remove more effectively water. Moreover, actuation allowed physical disruption which represents reliable alternative photocatalysis strongly anchored confined spaces. With versatile characteristics, envisioned highlight significant biofilm high efficacy both open spaces, pipelines industrial plants.

Language: Английский

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