Integrated Actuation and Sensing: Toward Intelligent Soft Robots

Cyborg and Bionic Systems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Soft robotics has received substantial attention due to its remarkable deformability, making it well-suited for a wide range of applications in complex environments, such as medicine, rescue operations, and exploration. Within this domain, the interaction actuation sensing is utmost importance controlling movements functions soft robots. Nonetheless, current research predominantly focuses on isolated capabilities, often neglecting critical integration these 2 domains achieve intelligent functionality. In review, we present comprehensive survey fundamental strategies multimodal while also delving into advancements proprioceptive haptic their fusion. We emphasize integrating robotics, presenting 3 methodologies, namely, sensor surface integration, internal closed-loop system based feedback. Furthermore, highlight challenges field suggest compelling directions future research. Through synthesis, aim stimulate further curiosity among researchers contribute development genuinely

Language: Английский

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Embedded Physical Intelligence in Liquid Crystalline Polymer Actuators and Robots

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Abstract Responsive materials possess the inherent capacity to autonomously sense and respond various external stimuli, demonstrating physical intelligence. Among diverse array of responsive materials, liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) stand out for their remarkable reversible stimuli‐responsive shape‐morphing properties potential creating soft robots. While numerous reviews have extensively detailed progress in developing LCP‐based actuators robots, there exists a need comprehensive summaries that elucidate underlying principles governing actuation how intelligence is embedded within these systems. This review provides overview recent advancements robots endowed with using LCPs. structured around stimulus conditions categorizes studies involving LCPs based on fundamental control stimulation logic approach. Specifically, three main categories are examined: systems changing those operating under constant equip learning capabilities. Furthermore, persisting challenges be addressed outlined discuss future avenues research this dynamic field.

Language: Английский

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Nano-/Microrobots for Environmental Remediation in the Eyes of Nanoarchitectonics:

Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Nano-/microrobots have been demonstrated as an efficient solution for environmental remediation. Their strength lies in their propulsion abilities that allow active “on-the-fly” operation, such pollutant detection, capture, transport, degradation, and disruption. Another advantage is versatility, which allows the engineering of highly functional solutions a specific application. However, latter can bring complexity to applications; versatility dimensionality, morphology, materials, surface decorations, other modifications has crucial effect on resulting abilities, compatibility with environment, overall functionality. Synergy between decorations its projection functionality object nanoarchitectonics. Here, we scrutinize nano-/microrobots eyes nanoarchitectonics: list general concepts help assess synergy limitations individual procedures fabrication processes operation at macroscale. The nanoarchitectonics approached from microscopic level, focusing dimensionality through nanoscopic evaluating influence decoration nanoparticles quantum dots, moving molecular single-atomic level very fine tuning presented review aims lay provide overview advanced nano-/microrobot remediation beyond.

Language: Английский

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Untethered Micro/Nanorobots for Remote Sensing: Toward Intelligent Platform

Nano-Micro Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

Abstract Untethered micro/nanorobots that can wirelessly control their motion and deformation state have gained enormous interest in remote sensing applications due to unique characteristics various media diverse functionalities. Researchers are developing as innovative tools improve performance miniaturize systems, enabling situ detection of substances traditional methods struggle achieve. Over the past decade development, significant research progress has been made designing strategies based on micro/nanorobots, employing coordinated approaches. This review summarizes latest developments for by utilizing self-generated signals robots, robot behavior, microrobotic manipulation, robot-environment interactions. Providing recent studies relevant sensing, we also discuss challenges future perspectives facing micro/nanorobots-based intelligent platforms achieve complex environments, translating lab achievements into widespread real applications.

Language: Английский

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AI-enhanced biomedical micro/nanorobots in microfluidics

Lab on a Chip, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 1419 - 1440

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Although developed independently at the beginning, AI, micro/nanorobots and microfluidics have become more intertwined in past few years which has greatly propelled cutting-edge development fields of biomedical sciences.

Language: Английский

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Review on Multiple‐Degree‐of‐Freedom Cross‐Scale Piezoelectric Actuation Technology

Advanced Intelligent Systems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(6)

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Piezoelectric actuation technology has been widely used in various precise‐oriented fields. Its notable advantages include high resolution, rapid response speed, output force with density, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Characteristics of cross‐scale multiple‐degree‐of‐freedom (multi‐DOF) motions are utmost importance the context micro‐/nanopositioning technology. For decades, researchers have working develop piezoelectric devices that exploit these important properties. In this review, a comprehensive review recent research efforts field multi‐DOF drive is provided. To commence, it provides an in‐depth exploration unique associated actuation, demonstrating them through comparative analyses alternative methods. Subsequently, complexity motion introduced, classified detail. Furthermore, practical applications systematically elucidated, highlighting its versatility suitability real‐world environments. Finally, discussion addresses challenges encountered provided, prospective directions for further developments outlined. This scholarly contribution plays role guiding future innovative initiatives.

Language: Английский

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Batteries for small-scale robotics

MRS Bulletin, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(2), P. 115 - 124

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract The advent of small-scale robots holds immense potential for revolutionizing various industries, particularly in the domains surgery and operations within confined spaces that are currently inaccessible to conventional tools. However, their tethered nature dependence on external power sources impede progress. To surmount these challenges, integration batteries into diminutive emerges as a promising solution. This article explores robots, focusing “hard” “soft” approaches. challenges integrating rigid microrobots discussed. Various battery materials suitable microfabrication explored, along with creating three-dimensional structures optimize performance limited space. emphasizes need flexible deformable technologies seamlessly integrate soft robotic systems. Challenges related flexibility, stretchability, biocompatibility addressed. concept distributed mobile energy units, where smaller assemble larger bank, is proposed scalability adaptability. Extracting from environment, inspired by fuel cells, reduces reliance traditional batteries. offers valuable insights propelling advancements autonomous versatile By overcoming current limitations, integrated will unlock full across industries. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Delivering Microrobots in the Musculoskeletal System

Nano-Micro Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: July 22, 2024

Disorders of the musculoskeletal system are major contributors to global burden disease and current treatments show limited efficacy. Patients often suffer chronic pain might eventually have undergo end-stage surgery. Therefore, future should focus on early detection intervention regional lesions. Microrobots been gradually used in organisms due their advantages intelligent, precise minimally invasive targeted delivery. Through combination control imaging systems, microrobots with good biosafety can be delivered desired area for treatment. In system, mainly utilized transport stem cells/drugs or remove hazardous substances from body. Compared traditional biomaterial tissue engineering strategies, active motion improves efficiency penetration local targeting cells/drugs. This review discusses frontier applications microrobotic systems different tissues system. We summarize challenges barriers that hinder clinical translation by evaluating characteristics finally point out direction

Language: Английский

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Robotic Nanomanipulation Based on Spatiotemporal Modulation of Optical Gradients

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(29), P. 19391 - 19400

Published: June 21, 2024

Robotic nanomanipulation emerges as a cutting-edge technique pivotal for in situ nanofabrication, advanced sensing, and comprehensive material characterization. In this study, we develop an optical robotic platform (ORP) the dynamic manipulation of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs). The ORP incorporates human-in-the-loop control mechanism enhanced by real-time visual feedback. This feature enables generation custom landscapes with adjustable intensity phase configurations. Based on ORP, achieve parallel reconfigurable multiple NPs. Through application spatiotemporal gradient-reversals, our demonstrates capabilities trapping, binding, rotating, transporting NPs across trajectories. presents previously unidentified paradigm realm nanomanipulation. Additionally, facilities "capture-and-print" assembly process, utilizing strategic interplay gradients. process operates under constant laser power setting, streamlining into any targeted configuration. With its precise positioning capabilities, underpinned modulation gradients, will facilitate development colloid-based sensors on-demand fabrication nanodevices.

Language: Английский

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Nature-inspired miniaturized magnetic soft robotic swimmers

Applied Physics Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(2)

Published: April 24, 2024

State-of-the-art biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery and laparoscopic surgery are extremely challenging because of the small length scales, requirements wireless manipulation, operational accuracy, precise localization. In this regard, miniaturized magnetic soft robotic swimmers (MSRS) attractive candidates since they offer a contactless mode operation for path maneuvering. Inspired by nature, researchers have designed these small-scale intelligent machines to demonstrate enhanced swimming performance through viscous fluidic media using different modes propulsion. review paper, we identify classify nature-inspired basic that been optimized over large evolutionary timescales. For example, ciliary like Paramecium Coleps covered with tiny hairlike filaments (cilia) beat rhythmically coordinated wave movements propulsion gather food. Undulatory spermatozoa midge larvae use traveling body waves push surrounding fluid effective highly environments. Helical bacteria rotate their slender whiskers (flagella) locomotion stagnant viscid fluids. Essentially, all three employ nonreciprocal motion achieve spatial asymmetry. We provide mechanistic understanding magnetic-field-induced spatiotemporal symmetry-breaking principles adopted MSRS at scales. Furthermore, theoretical computational tools can precisely predict magnetically driven deformation fluid–structure interaction discussed. Here, present holistic descriptive recent developments in smart material systems covering wide spectrum fabrication techniques, design, applications, strategies, actuation, modeling approaches. Finally, future prospects promising systems. Specifically, synchronous tracking noninvasive imaging external agents during vivo clinical still remains daunting task. experimental demonstrations mostly limited vitro ex phantom models where dynamics testing conditions quite compared conditions. Additionally, multi-shape morphing multi-stimuli-responsive modalities active structures demand further advancements 4D printing avenues. Their multi-state configuration an solid-fluid continuum would require development multi-scale models. Eventually, adding multiple levels intelligence enhance adaptivity, functionalities, reliability critical applications.

Language: Английский

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