Cell Research,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
28(3), P. 265 - 280
Published: Dec. 8, 2017
Glycolysis
has
long
been
considered
as
the
major
metabolic
process
for
energy
production
and
anabolic
growth
in
cancer
cells.
Although
such
a
view
instrumental
development
of
powerful
imaging
tools
that
are
still
used
clinics,
it
is
now
clear
mitochondria
play
key
role
oncogenesis.
Besides
exerting
central
bioenergetic
functions,
provide
indeed
building
blocks
tumor
anabolism,
control
redox
calcium
homeostasis,
participate
transcriptional
regulation,
govern
cell
death.
Thus,
constitute
promising
targets
novel
anticancer
agents.
However,
tumors
arise,
progress,
respond
to
therapy
context
an
intimate
crosstalk
with
host
immune
system,
many
immunological
functions
rely
on
intact
mitochondrial
metabolism.
Here,
we
review
cell-intrinsic
cell-extrinsic
mechanisms
through
which
influence
all
steps
oncogenesis,
focus
therapeutic
potential
targeting
metabolism
therapy.
Autophagy,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
12(1), P. 1 - 222
Published: Jan. 2, 2016
In
2008
we
published
the
first
set
of
guidelines
for
standardizing
research
in
autophagy.
Since
then,
on
this
topic
has
continued
to
accelerate,
and
many
new
scientists
have
entered
field.
Our
knowledge
base
relevant
technologies
also
been
expanding.
Accordingly,
it
is
important
update
these
monitoring
autophagy
different
organisms.
Various
reviews
described
range
assays
that
used
purpose.
Nevertheless,
there
continues
be
confusion
regarding
acceptable
methods
measure
autophagy,
especially
multicellular
eukaryotes.
For
example,
a
key
point
needs
emphasized
difference
between
measurements
monitor
numbers
or
volume
autophagic
elements
(e.g.,
autophagosomes
autolysosomes)
at
any
stage
process
versus
those
flux
through
pathway
(i.e.,
complete
including
amount
rate
cargo
sequestered
degraded).
particular,
block
macroautophagy
results
autophagosome
accumulation
must
differentiated
from
stimuli
increase
activity,
defined
as
increased
induction
coupled
with
delivery
to,
degradation
within,
lysosomes
(in
most
higher
eukaryotes
some
protists
such
Dictyostelium)
vacuole
plants
fungi).
other
words,
investigators
field
understand
appearance
more
does
not
necessarily
equate
fact,
cases,
accumulate
because
trafficking
without
concomitant
change
biogenesis,
whereas
an
autolysosomes
may
reflect
reduction
degradative
activity.
It
worth
emphasizing
here
lysosomal
digestion
evaluating
its
competence
crucial
part
evaluation
flux,
autophagy.
Here,
present
selection
interpretation
use
by
who
aim
examine
related
processes,
well
reviewers
need
provide
realistic
reasonable
critiques
papers
are
focused
processes.
These
meant
formulaic
rules,
appropriate
depend
question
being
asked
system
used.
addition,
emphasize
no
individual
assay
guaranteed
one
every
situation,
strongly
recommend
multiple
Along
lines,
potential
pleiotropic
effects
due
blocking
genetic
manipulation,
imperative
target
gene
knockout
RNA
interference
than
autophagy-related
protein.
Atg
proteins,
groups
involved
cellular
pathways
implying
all
proteins
can
specific
marker
process.
guidelines,
consider
various
assessing
what
information
can,
cannot,
obtained
them.
Finally,
discussing
merits
limits
particular
assays,
hope
encourage
technical
innovation
Cell Death and Differentiation,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
25(3), P. 486 - 541
Published: Jan. 23, 2018
Over
the
past
decade,
Nomenclature
Committee
on
Cell
Death
(NCCD)
has
formulated
guidelines
for
definition
and
interpretation
of
cell
death
from
morphological,
biochemical,
functional
perspectives.
Since
field
continues
to
expand
novel
mechanisms
that
orchestrate
multiple
pathways
are
unveiled,
we
propose
an
updated
classification
subroutines
focusing
mechanistic
essential
(as
opposed
correlative
dispensable)
aspects
process.
As
provide
molecularly
oriented
definitions
terms
including
intrinsic
apoptosis,
extrinsic
mitochondrial
permeability
transition
(MPT)-driven
necrosis,
necroptosis,
ferroptosis,
pyroptosis,
parthanatos,
entotic
death,
NETotic
lysosome-dependent
autophagy-dependent
immunogenic
cellular
senescence,
mitotic
catastrophe,
discuss
utility
neologisms
refer
highly
specialized
instances
these
processes.
The
mission
NCCD
is
a
widely
accepted
nomenclature
in
support
continued
development
field.
Annual Review of Immunology,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
31(1), P. 51 - 72
Published: Nov. 16, 2012
Depending
on
the
initiating
stimulus,
cancer
cell
death
can
be
immunogenic
or
nonimmunogenic.
Immunogenic
(ICD)
involves
changes
in
composition
of
surface
as
well
release
soluble
mediators,
occurring
a
defined
temporal
sequence.
Such
signals
operate
series
receptors
expressed
by
dendritic
cells
to
stimulate
presentation
tumor
antigens
T
cells.
We
postulate
that
ICD
constitutes
prominent
pathway
for
activation
immune
system
against
cancer,
which
turn
determines
long-term
success
anticancer
therapies.
Hence,
suboptimal
regimens
(failing
induce
ICD),
selective
alterations
(preventing
emission
during
defects
effectors
(abolishing
perception
system)
all
contribute
therapeutic
failure.
surmise
and
its
subversion
pathogens
also
play
major
roles
antiviral
responses.
