Aging Cell,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
18(6)
Published: Sept. 27, 2019
Abstract
An
emerging
body
of
data
suggests
that
lipid
metabolism
has
an
important
role
to
play
in
the
aging
process.
Indeed,
a
plethora
dietary,
pharmacological,
genetic,
and
surgical
lipid‐related
interventions
extend
lifespan
nematodes,
fruit
flies,
mice,
rats.
For
example,
impairment
genes
involved
ceramide
sphingolipid
synthesis
extends
both
worms
flies.
The
overexpression
fatty
acid
amide
hydrolase
or
lysosomal
lipase
prolongs
life
Caenorhabditis
elegans
,
while
diacylglycerol
enhances
longevity
C.
Drosophila
melanogaster
.
removal
adipose
tissue
rats,
increased
expression
apolipoprotein
D
survival
flies
mice.
Mouse
can
be
additionally
extended
by
genetic
deletion
acyltransferase
1,
treatment
with
steroid
17‐α‐estradiol,
ketogenic
diet.
Moreover,
phospholipase
A2
receptor
improves
various
healthspan
parameters
progeria
mouse
model.
Genome‐wide
association
studies
have
found
several
variants
associated
human
aging.
epsilon
2
4
alleles
E
are
extreme
late‐onset
neurodegenerative
disease,
respectively.
In
humans,
blood
triglyceride
levels
tend
increase,
lysophosphatidylcholine
decrease
age.
Specific
phospholipid
profiles
also
been
shown
change
age
exceptional
longevity.
These
suggest
may
improve
lipids
likely
represent
rich
source
biomarkers.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: March 29, 2021
Cellular
senescence
is
a
stable
cell
cycle
arrest
that
can
be
triggered
in
normal
cells
response
to
various
intrinsic
and
extrinsic
stimuli,
as
well
developmental
signals.
Senescence
considered
highly
dynamic,
multi-step
process,
during
which
the
properties
of
senescent
continuously
evolve
diversify
context
dependent
manner.
It
associated
with
multiple
cellular
molecular
changes
distinct
phenotypic
alterations,
including
proliferation
unresponsive
mitogenic
stimuli.
Senescent
remain
viable,
have
alterations
metabolic
activity
undergo
dramatic
gene
expression
develop
complex
senescence-associated
secretory
phenotype.
compromise
tissue
repair
regeneration,
thereby
contributing
toward
aging.
Removal
attenuate
age-related
dysfunction
extend
health
span.
also
act
potent
anti-tumor
mechanism,
by
preventing
potentially
cancerous
cells.
program
acts
double-edged
sword,
both
beneficial
detrimental
effects
on
organism,
an
example
evolutionary
antagonistic
pleiotropy.
Activation
p53/p21
WAF1/CIP1
p16
INK4A
/pRB
tumor
suppressor
pathways
play
central
role
regulating
senescence.
Several
other
recently
been
implicated
mediating
Herein
we
review
mechanisms
underlie
growth
particular
focus
why
stop
dividing,
stability
arrest,
hypersecretory
phenotype
how
different
are
all
integrated.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Dec. 16, 2022
Aging
is
a
gradual
and
irreversible
pathophysiological
process.
It
presents
with
declines
in
tissue
cell
functions
significant
increases
the
risks
of
various
aging-related
diseases,
including
neurodegenerative
cardiovascular
metabolic
musculoskeletal
immune
system
diseases.
Although
development
modern
medicine
has
promoted
human
health
greatly
extended
life
expectancy,
aging
society,
variety
chronic
diseases
have
gradually
become
most
important
causes
disability
death
elderly
individuals.
Current
research
on
focuses
elucidating
how
endogenous
exogenous
stresses
(such
as
genomic
instability,
telomere
dysfunction,
epigenetic
alterations,
loss
proteostasis,
compromise
autophagy,
mitochondrial
cellular
senescence,
stem
exhaustion,
altered
intercellular
communication,
deregulated
nutrient
sensing)
participate
regulation
aging.
Furthermore,
thorough
pathogenesis
to
identify
interventions
that
promote
longevity
caloric
restriction,
microbiota
transplantation,
nutritional
intervention)
clinical
treatment
methods
for
(depletion
senescent
cells,
therapy,
antioxidative
anti-inflammatory
treatments,
hormone
replacement
therapy)
could
decrease
incidence
turn
healthy
longevity.
Annual Review of Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
37(1), P. 51 - 76
Published: Aug. 21, 2017
Various
mechanisms
in
the
mammalian
body
provide
resilience
against
food
deprivation
and
dietary
stress.
The
ketone
β-hydroxybutyrate
(BHB)
is
synthesized
liver
from
fatty
acids
represents
an
essential
carrier
of
energy
to
peripheral
tissues
when
supply
glucose
too
low
for
body's
energetic
needs,
such
as
during
periods
prolonged
exercise,
starvation,
or
absence
carbohydrates.
In
addition
its
activity
metabolite,
BHB
increasingly
understood
have
cellular
signaling
functions.
These
functions
broadly
link
outside
environment
epigenetic
gene
regulation
function,
their
actions
may
be
relevant
a
variety
human
diseases
well
aging.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Oct. 10, 2016
Abstract
Nicotinamide
riboside
(NR)
is
in
wide
use
as
an
NAD
+
precursor
vitamin.
Here
we
determine
the
time
and
dose-dependent
effects
of
NR
on
blood
metabolism
humans.
We
report
that
human
can
rise
much
2.7-fold
with
a
single
oral
dose
pilot
study
one
individual,
elevates
mouse
hepatic
distinct
superior
pharmacokinetics
to
those
nicotinic
acid
nicotinamide.
further
show
doses
100,
300
1,000
mg
produce
increases
metabolome
first
clinical
trial
also
adenine
dinucleotide
(NAAD),
which
was
not
thought
be
en
route
for
conversion
,
formed
from
discover
NAAD
highly
sensitive
biomarker
effective
repletion.
