RNA-directed DNA Methylation

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(10), P. e1009034 - e1009034

Published: Oct. 8, 2020

RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a biological process in which non-coding RNA molecules direct the addition of to specific sequences. The RdDM pathway unique plants, although other mechanisms chromatin modification have also been described fungi and animals. To date, best characterized within angiosperms (flowering plants), particularly model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, conserved components associated small RNAs (sRNAs) found groups such as gymnosperms ferns. closely resembles sRNA pathways, highly RNAi fungi, Both pathways produce sRNAs involve Argonaute, Dicer RNA-dependent polymerase proteins. has implicated number regulatory processes plants. added by generally with transcriptional repression genetic sequences targeted pathway. Since patterns plants are heritable, these changes can often be stably transmitted progeny. As result, one prominent role stable, transgenerational suppression transposable element (TE) activity. linked pathogen defense, abiotic stress responses, regulation several key developmental transitions. Although important functions, RdDM-defective mutants thaliana viable reproduce, enabled detailed studies range defects different species, including lethality, altered reproductive phenotypes, TE upregulation genome instability, increased sensitivity. Overall, an that regulates establishing reinforcing patterns, lead epigenetic effects on gene expression phenotype.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic regulation of T cell exhaustion

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 848 - 860

Published: May 27, 2022

Language: Английский

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DNA methylation in plants: mechanisms and tools for targeted manipulation

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 227(1), P. 38 - 44

Published: March 11, 2020

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark that regulates multiple processes, such as gene expression and genome stability. Mutants pharmacological treatments have been instrumental in the study of this plants, although their genome-wide effect complicates direct association between changes a particular phenotype. A variety tools allow locus-specific manipulation can be used to assess its role specific well create novel epialleles. Recently, new recruit machinery directly target loci through programmable DNA-binding proteins expanded tool kit available researchers. This review provides overview plants discusses recently developed for manipulation.

Language: Английский

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DNA methylation-free Arabidopsis reveals crucial roles of DNA methylation in regulating gene expression and development

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 14, 2022

Abstract A contribution of DNA methylation to defense against invading nucleic acids and maintenance genome integrity is uncontested; however, our understanding the extent involvement this epigenetic mark in genome-wide gene regulation plant developmental control incomplete. Here, we knock out all five known methyltransferases Arabidopsis , generating methylation-free plants. This quintuple mutant exhibits a suite defects, unequivocally demonstrating that essential for multiple aspects development. We show CG non-CG are required plethora biological processes, including pavement cell shape, endoreduplication, death, flowering, trichome morphology, vasculature meristem development, root fate determination. Moreover, find has strong dose-dependent effect on expression repression transposable elements. Taken together, results demonstrate dispensable survival but proper processes.

Language: Английский

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Toxicological Effects of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5): Health Risks and Associated Systemic Injuries—Systematic Review

Water Air & Soil Pollution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 234(6)

Published: May 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review of Various Therapeutic Strategies for the Management of Skin Cancer

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. 10030 - 10048

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Skin cancer (SC) poses a global threat to the healthcare system and is expected increase significantly over next two decades if not diagnosed at an early stage. Early diagnosis crucial for successful treatment, as disease becomes more challenging cure it progresses. However, identifying new drugs, achieving clinical success, overcoming drug resistance remain significant challenges. To overcome these obstacles provide effective understand causes of skin cancer, how cells grow divide, factors that affect cell growth, occurs. In this review, we have explained various therapeutic approaches SC treatment via ligands, targeted photosensitizers, natural synthetic drugs SC, epigenetic approach management melanoma, photodynamic therapy, therapy BRAF-mutated melanoma. This article also provides detailed summary are in managing melanoma reducing occurrence stages focuses on current status future prospects therapies available cancer.

Language: Английский

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Diversity and redundancy of the ripening regulatory networks revealed by the fruitENCODE and the new CRISPR/Cas9 CNR and NOR mutants

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Feb. 11, 2019

Tomato is considered as the genetic model for climacteric fruits, in which three major players control fruit ripening process: ethylene, transcription factors, and DNA methylation. The fruitENCODE project has now shown that there are multiple transcriptional circuits regulating different species, H3K27me3, instead of methylation, plays a conserved role restricting these pathways. In addition, function core tomato factors being questioned. We have employed CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to mutate SBP-CNR NAC-NOR both master regulators current model. These plants only displayed delayed or partial non-ripening phenotypes, distinct from original mutant plants, categorically failed ripen, suggesting they might be gain-of-function mutants. Besides increased methylation genome-wide, mutants also hyper-H3K27me3 gene loci such ACS2, RIN, TDR4. It most likely epigenetic contributed their strong phenotypes. Hence, we propose field should move beyond linear two-dimensional models embrace fact important biological processes often regulated by highly redundant network with inputs levels.

Language: Английский

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Small DNA Methylation, Big Player in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses and Memory

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 10, 2020

DNA methylation is a conserved epigenetic mark that plays important roles in maintaining genome stability and regulating gene expression. As sessile organisms, plants have evolved sophisticated regulatory systems to endure or respond diverse adverse abiotic environmental challenges, i.e., stresses, such as extreme temperatures (cold heat), drought salinity. Plant stress responses are often accompanied by changes chromatin modifications at responsive loci, 5-methylcytosine (5mC)

Language: Английский

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The mechanism and function of active DNA demethylation in plants

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 62(1), P. 148 - 159

Published: Oct. 19, 2019

Abstract DNA methylation is a conserved and important epigenetic mark in both mammals plants. can be dynamically established, maintained, removed through different pathways. In plants, active demethylation initiated by the RELEASE OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1) family of bifunctional glycosylases/lyases. Accumulating evidence suggests that many processes this review, we summarize recent studies on enzymes regulatory factors have been identified pathway. We also review functions plant development as well biotic abiotic stress responses. Finally, highlight those aspects require additional research.

Language: Английский

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Genome editing for plant research and crop improvement

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 63(1), P. 3 - 33

Published: Dec. 25, 2020

The advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) has had a profound impact on plant biology, and crop improvement. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art development CRISPR technologies their applications in plants, from initial introduction random small indel (insertion or deletion) mutations at target genomic loci to precision editing such as base editing, prime gene targeting. We describe advances use class 2, types II, V, VI systems for disruption well precise sequence alterations, transcription, epigenome control.

Language: Английский

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