Latitudinal gradient in the intensity of biotic interactions in terrestrial ecosystems: Sources of variation and differences from the diversity gradient revealed by meta‐analysis

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 2506 - 2520

Published: July 28, 2021

The Latitudinal Biotic Interaction Hypothesis (LBIH) states that the intensity of biotic interactions increases from high to low latitudes. This hypothesis, which may partly explain latitudinal gradients in biodiversity, remains hotly debated, largely due variable outcomes published studies. We used meta-analysis identify scope LBIH terrestrial ecosystems. For this purpose, we explored sources variation strength changes herbivory, carnivory and parasitism (119 publications) compared these with diversity respective groups animals (102 publications). Overall, both herbivory decreased towards poles, while increased. gradient was threefold stronger above 50-60° than at lower latitudes significant involving ectothermic consumers, studies using standardised prey (i.e. lacking local anti-predator adaptations) aimed testing LBIH. poleward decrease biodiversity did not differ between endothermic or among climate zones fourfold carnivory. discovered differences suggest two global macroecological patterns are likely shaped by different factors.

Language: Английский

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Animal migration to northern latitudes: environmental changes and increasing threats

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(1), P. 30 - 41

Published: Sept. 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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Predator control of marine communities increases with temperature across 115 degrees of latitude

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 376(6598), P. 1215 - 1219

Published: June 9, 2022

Early naturalists suggested that predation intensity increases toward the tropics, affecting fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes by latitude, but empirical support is still limited. Several studies have measured consumption rates across latitude at large scales, with variable results. Moreover, how affects prey community composition such geographic scales remains unknown. Using standardized experiments spanned 115° of 36 nearshore sites along both coasts Americas, we found marine predators higher consistently stronger impacts on biomass species invertebrate communities in warmer tropical waters, likely owing to fish predators. Our results provide robust for a temperature-dependent gradient interaction strength potential implications ecosystems will respond ocean warming.

Language: Английский

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New frontiers in bird migration research

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(20), P. R1187 - R1199

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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The impacts of heat stress on animal cognition: Implications for adaptation to a changing climate

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(4)

Published: April 27, 2021

Abstract With global surface air temperature rising rapidly, extensive research effort has been dedicated to assessing the consequences of this change for wildlife. While impacts on phenology, distribution, and demography wild animal populations are well documented, impact increasing cognition in these received relatively little attention. Cognition encompasses mental mechanisms that allow individuals process information from surrounding environment, respond accordingly, flexibly adjust behavior. Hence, it is likely be a key factor allowing animals adaptively climate change. Captive studies show heat stress can negatively affect cognitive performance not only short‐term but also long‐term, by altering development at early life stages. Field indicate may survival reproductive success. However, link between stress, cognition, fitness yet formally established. We propose comprehensive framework collection robust empirical datasets wild. then suggest how knowledge could applied population viability models wildlife management actions. believe joint encompassing fields thermal physiology, behavioral ecology, comparative conservation science, essential provide timely mitigation measures against potential This article categorized under: Climate, Ecology, Conservation > Observed Ecological Changes

Language: Английский

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Taking the beat of the Arctic: are lemming population cycles changing due to winter climate?

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2016)

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Reports of fading vole and lemming population cycles persisting low populations in some parts the Arctic have raised concerns about spread these fundamental changes to tundra food web dynamics. By compiling 24 unique time series fluctuations across circumpolar region, we show that virtually all displayed alternating periods cyclic/non-cyclic over past four decades. Cyclic patterns were detected 55% ( n = 649 years pooled sites) with a median periodicity 3.7 years, non-cyclic not more frequent recent years. Overall, there was an indication for negative effect warm spells occurring during snow onset period preceding year on abundance. However, winter duration or early climatic conditions did differ average between cyclic periods. Analysis shows is presently no Arctic-wide collapse cycles, even though been sporadic at most sites last Although non-stationary dynamics appears common feature also past, continued warming may decrease frequency periodic irruptions consequences ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Animal migration in the Anthropocene: threats and mitigation options

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1242 - 1260

Published: March 4, 2024

ABSTRACT Animal migration has fascinated scientists and the public alike for centuries, yet migratory animals are facing diverse threats that could lead to their demise. The Anthropocene is characterised by reality humans dominant force on Earth, having manifold negative effects biodiversity ecosystem function. Considerable research focus been given assessing anthropogenic impacts numerical abundance of species/populations, whereas relatively less attention devoted animal migration. However, there clear linkages, example, where human‐driven behaviour can population/species declines or even extinction. Here, we explore (in all domains – aquatic, terrestrial, aerial) using International Union Conservation Nature (IUCN) Threat Taxonomy classifications. We reveal (e.g. human development, disease, invasive species, climate change, exploitation, pollution) impact wildlife in varied ways spanning taxa, life stages type from direct mortality changes behaviour, health, physiology). Notably, these often interact complex unpredictable detriment wildlife, further complicating management. Fortunately, beginning identify strategies conserving managing Anthropocene. provide a set that, if embraced, have potential ensure animals, important ecological functions sustained migration, persist.

Language: Английский

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Balancing between predation risk and food by boreal breeding ducks

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Wetlands belong to the globally most threatened habitats, and organisms depending on them are of conservation concern. Wetland destruction quality loss may affect negatively also boreal breeding ducks in which habitat selection often needs balancing between important determinants suitability. In Finland duck population trajectories habitat-specific, while reasons behind poorly understood. this research, we studied balance nest predation risk invertebrate food abundance at 45 lakes ponds 2017 2018. We surveyed pairs broods from these 18 additional water bodies. evaluated by monitoring artificial nests with camera traps over a 7-day exposure period sampled invertebrates bodies using emergence activity traps. Camera trap results indicate that was higher surrounded agricultural land than forestland. Ponds (seasonal, beaver, man-made) had lower risk, they were more invertebrate-rich permanent lakes. addition, further away survival shoreline nests. Habitat use not associated food, but preferred habitats rich food. High pressure shorelines especially landscapes contribute declining trends Finland. Controlling predators could be an action improve success. This research underlines benefits availability different body types for ducks. There is urgent need pay attention protecting seasonal ponds, lack flooded waters mitigated favouring beavers or creating man-made ponds.

Language: Английский

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Trends and patterns in the extinction risk of Australia’s birds over three decades

Emu - Austral Ornithology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(1), P. 55 - 67

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Australia recently committed through the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) to halt human-induced extinction of known threatened species and reduce risk significantly by 2030. We review recent trends in Australian birds provide context for current future conservation efforts. calculate Red List Index (RLI) all as well subsets based on geography, habitat taxonomy. Over period 2010 2020, number taxa reassigned lower categories (n = 20; 1.5% included) was greatly outweighed moved higher owing deteriorating status 93; 7%). This resulted steepest decadal decline RLI since data were first compiled 1990. It chiefly driven rapid population declines migratory shorebirds, loss suitable affected wildfire 2019–2020 and, a lesser extent, abundance upland rainforest birds. To small these losses counterbalanced improvements some bird resulting from local eradication invasive mammals, primarily Macquarie Island. For meet commitments adopted GBF, interventions (and hence funding) will need be scaled up substantially. The is placed monitoring progress towards GBF targets communicating national avifaunas.

Language: Английский

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Species interactions and climate change: How the disruption of species co‐occurrence will impact on an avian forest guild

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1212 - 1224

Published: Dec. 5, 2019

Abstract Interspecific interactions are crucial in determining species occurrence and community assembly. Understanding these is thus essential for correctly predicting species' responses to climate change. We focussed on an avian forest guild of four hole‐nesting with differing sensitivities that show a range well‐understood reciprocal interactions, including facilitation, competition predation. modelled the potential distributions black woodpecker boreal, tawny Ural owl, tested whether spatial patterns more widespread (excluding owl) were shaped by interspecific interactions. then future all species, evaluating how predicted changes will alter overlap between ranges, hence outcomes Forest cover/type important determinants habitat suitability species. Field data analysed N‐mixture models revealed effects current abundance, especially boreal owl (positive woodpecker, negative owl). Climate change impact assemblage both at levels, as area overlap, relevant proportion extent future. Boreal most climate‐sensitive guild, retreat, its main predator, increase remaining suitable area: directly indirectly. cause geographical alteration or disruption interaction networks, different consequences belonging likely and/or intraguild Our work shows significant areas interacting which reinforce importance biotic predictive increasing forecast accuracy.

Language: Английский

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