Beyond diversity loss and climate change: Impacts of Amazon deforestation on infectious diseases and public health

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 92(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Amazonian biodiversity is increasingly threatened due to the weakening of policies for combating deforestation, especially in Brazil. Loss animal and plant species, many not yet known science, just one among negative consequences Amazon deforestation. Deforestation affects indigenous communities, riverside as well urban populations, even planetary health. Amazonia has a prominent role regulating Earth's climate, with forest loss contributing rising regional global temperatures intensification extreme weather events. These climatic conditions are important drivers emerging infectious diseases, activities associated deforestation contribute spread disease vectors. This review presents main impacts on infectious-disease dynamics public health from One Health perspective. Because Brazil holds largest area rainforest, emphasis given Brazilian scenario. Finally, potential solutions mitigate diseases presented perspectives researchers different fields.

Language: Английский

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Massive soybean expansion in South America since 2000 and implications for conservation

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(9), P. 784 - 792

Published: June 7, 2021

Language: Английский

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Carbon loss from forest degradation exceeds that from deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 442 - 448

Published: April 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Mapping the deforestation footprint of nations reveals growing threat to tropical forests

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(6), P. 845 - 853

Published: March 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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The erosion of biodiversity and biomass in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Dec. 11, 2020

Abstract Tropical forests are being deforested worldwide, and the remaining fragments suffering from biomass biodiversity erosion. Quantifying this erosion is challenging because ground data on tropical often sparse. Here, we use an unprecedented dataset of 1819 field surveys covering entire Atlantic Forest hotspot. We show that 83−85% presented losses in forest tree species richness, functional traits, conservation value. On average, have 25−32% less biomass, 23−31% fewer species, 33, 36, 42% individuals late-successional, large-seeded, endemic respectively. Biodiversity lower inside strictly protected units, particularly large ones. estimate across remnants equivalent to loss 55−70 thousand km 2 or US$2.3−2.6 billion carbon credits. These figures direct implications mechanisms climate change mitigation.

Language: Английский

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The Effectiveness of Forest Conservation Policies and Programs

Annual Review of Resource Economics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 45 - 64

Published: July 7, 2020

The world's forests provide valuable contributions to people but continue be threatened by agricultural expansion and other land uses. Counterfactual-based methods are increasingly used evaluate forest conservation initiatives. This review synthesizes recent studies quantifying the impacts of such policies programs. Extending past reviews focused on instrument choice, design, implementation, our theory change explicitly acknowledges context. Screening over 60,000 abstracts yielded 136 comparable normalized effect sizes (Cohen's d). Comparing across categories, evaluation methods, contexts suggests not only a lack “silver bullets” in toolbox, that effectiveness is also moderate average. Yet context critical. Many interventions sample were implemented “bullet-proof” low pressure natural resources. greatly limits their potential need invest further understanding better aligning with local global development goals.

Language: Английский

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Poverty, Livelihoods and Sustainable Development

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1171 - 1284

Published: June 22, 2023

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Language: Английский

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Emerging threats linking tropical deforestation and the COVID-19 pandemic

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 243 - 246

Published: Sept. 30, 2020

Tropical deforestation drivers are complex and can change rapidly in periods of profound societal transformation, such as those during a pandemic. Evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has spurred illegal, opportunistic forest clearing tropical countries, threatening ecosystems their resident human communities. A total 9583 km2 alerts from Global Land Analysis & Discovery (GLAD) were detected across global tropics first month following implementation confinement measures local governments to reduce spread, which is nearly double 2019 (4732 km2). We present conceptual framework linking current Zoonotic diseases, public health, economy, agriculture, forests may all be reciprocally linked positive negative feedback loops with overarching consequences. highlight emerging threats nature society resulting this reciprocal interplay possible policy interventions could minimize these threats.

Language: Английский

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Global guidelines for the sustainable use of non-native trees to prevent tree invasions and mitigate their negative impacts

NeoBiota, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 61, P. 65 - 116

Published: Oct. 8, 2020

Sustainably managed non-native trees deliver economic and societal benefits with limited risk of spread to adjoining areas. However, some plantations have launched invasions that cause substantial damage biodiversity ecosystem services, while others pose threats causing such impacts. The challenge is maximise the trees, minimising negative impacts preserving future options. A workshop was held in 2019 develop global guidelines for sustainable use using Council Europe – Bern Convention Code Conduct on Invasive Alien Trees as a starting point. consist eight recommendations: 1) Use native or non-invasive preference invasive trees; 2) Be aware comply international, national, regional regulations concerning 3) invasion consider change trends; 4) Design adopt tailored practices plantation site selection silvicultural management; 5) Promote implement early detection rapid response programmes; 6) tree control, habitat restoration, dealing highly modified ecosystems; 7) Engage stakeholders risks posed by caused, options 8) Develop support networks, collaborative research, information sharing trees. are first step towards building consensus precautions should be taken when introducing planting They voluntary intended complement statutory requirements under international national legislation. application achievement their goals will help conserve forest biodiversity, ensure forestry, contribute several Sustainable Development Goals United Nations linked biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Rainfall anomalies are a significant driver of cropland expansion

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(19), P. 10225 - 10233

Published: April 27, 2020

Rainfall anomalies have long occupied center stage in policy discussions, and understanding their impacts on agricultural production has become more important as climate change intensifies. However, the global scale of rainfall-induced productivity shocks changes cropland is yet to be quantified. Here we identify how rainfall impact observed patterns cropped areas at a by leveraging locally determined unexpected variations rainfall. Employing disaggregated panel data grid level, find that repeated dry lead an increase expansion developing countries. No discernible effects are detected from wet events. That these confined countries, which often dominated small-holder farmers, implies they may response reduced yields. The estimates suggest overall, account for ∼9% rate over past two decades. We perform several tests check consistency robustness this relationship. First, using forest cover alternative measure, comparable reductions same regions where expands due anomalies. Second, test relationship yields buffered irrigation infrastructure mitigated, providing further support our results. Since significant driver deforestation, results implications loss environmental services.

Language: Английский

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