Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(37)

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

This planetary boundaries framework update finds that six of the nine are transgressed, suggesting Earth is now well outside safe operating space for humanity. Ocean acidification close to being breached, while aerosol loading regionally exceeds boundary. Stratospheric ozone levels have slightly recovered. The transgression level has increased all earlier identified as overstepped. As primary production drives system biosphere functions, human appropriation net proposed a control variable functional integrity. boundary also transgressed. modeling different climate and land change illustrates these anthropogenic impacts on must be considered in systemic context.

Language: Английский

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Overfishing drives over one-third of all sharks and rays toward a global extinction crisis

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(21), P. 4773 - 4787.e8

Published: Sept. 6, 2021

The scale and drivers of marine biodiversity loss are being revealed by the International Union for Conservation Nature (IUCN) Red List assessment process. We present first global reassessment 1,199 species in Class Chondrichthyes-sharks, rays, chimeras. (in 2014) concluded that one-quarter (24%) were threatened. Now, 391 (32.6%) threatened with extinction. When this percentage threat is applied to Data Deficient species, more than one-third (37.5%) chondrichthyans estimated be threatened, much change resulting from new information. Three Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct), representing possibly fish extinctions due overfishing. Consequently, chondrichthyan extinction rate potentially 25 per million years, comparable terrestrial vertebrates. Overfishing universal affecting all sole 67.3% interacts three other threats remaining third: degradation habitat (31.2% species), climate (10.2%), pollution (6.9%). Species disproportionately tropical subtropical coastal waters. Science-based limits on fishing, effective protected areas, approaches reduce or eliminate fishing mortality urgently needed minimize ensure sustainable catch trade others. Immediate action essential prevent further protect potential food security ecosystem functions provided iconic lineage predators.

Language: Английский

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Set ambitious goals for biodiversity and sustainability

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 370(6515), P. 411 - 413

Published: Oct. 22, 2020

Multiple, coordinated goals and holistic actions are critical

Language: Английский

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Ensuring effective implementation of the post-2020 global biodiversity targets

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 411 - 418

Published: Jan. 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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Global Commitments to Conserving and Monitoring Genetic Diversity Are Now Necessary and Feasible

BioScience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 71(9), P. 964 - 976

Published: April 13, 2021

Abstract Global conservation policy and action have largely neglected protecting monitoring genetic diversity—one of the three main pillars biodiversity. Genetic diversity (diversity within species) underlies species’ adaptation survival, ecosystem resilience, societal innovation. The low priority given to has been due knowledge gaps in key areas, including importance trends change; perceived high expense availability scattered nature data; complicated concepts information that are inaccessible policymakers. However, numerous recent advances knowledge, technology, databases, practice, capacity now set stage for better integration instruments efforts. We review these developments explore how they can support improved consideration global commitments enable countries monitor, report on, take maintain or restore diversity.

Language: Английский

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Expert perspectives on global biodiversity loss and its drivers and impacts on people

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 94 - 103

Published: July 18, 2022

Despite substantial progress in understanding global biodiversity loss, major taxonomic and geographic knowledge gaps remain. Decision makers often rely on expert judgement to fill gaps, but are rarely able engage with sufficiently large diverse groups of specialists. To improve the perspectives thousands experts worldwide, we conducted a survey asked focus taxa freshwater, terrestrial, or marine ecosystem which they most familiar. We found several points overwhelming consensus (for instance, multiple drivers loss interact synergistically) important demographic differences specialists’ estimates. Experts from that underrepresented science, including women those Global South, recommended different priorities for conservation solutions, less emphasis acquiring new protected areas, provided higher estimates its impacts. This may part be because disproportionately study highly threatened habitats. Front Ecol Environ 2022;

Language: Английский

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Nature and COVID-19: The pandemic, the environment, and the way ahead

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(4), P. 767 - 781

Published: Jan. 16, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought profound social, political, economic, and environmental challenges to the world. virus may have emerged from wildlife reservoirs linked disruption, was transmitted humans via trade, its spread facilitated by economic globalization. arrived at a time when wildfires, high temperatures, floods, storms amplified human suffering. These call for powerful response that addresses social development, climate change, biodiversity together, offering an opportunity bring transformational change structure functioning of global economy. This biodefense can include "One Health" approach in all relevant sectors; greener agriculture minimizes greenhouse gas emissions leads healthier diets; sustainable forms energy; more effective international agreements; post-COVID development is equitable sustainable; nature-compatible trade. Restoring enhancing protected areas as part devoting 50% planet's land environmentally sound management conserves would also support adaptation limit contact with zoonotic pathogens. essential links between health well-being, biodiversity, could inspire new generation innovators provide green solutions enable live healthy balance nature leading long-term resilient future.

Language: Английский

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Scientific foundations for an ecosystem goal, milestones and indicators for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(10), P. 1338 - 1349

Published: Aug. 16, 2021

Language: Английский

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A metric for spatially explicit contributions to science-based species targets

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(6), P. 836 - 844

Published: April 8, 2021

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity: Concepts, Patterns, Trends, and Perspectives

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 31 - 63

Published: Sept. 2, 2022

Biodiversity, a term now widely employed in science, policy, and wider society, has burgeoning associated literature. We synthesize aspects of this literature, focusing on several key concepts, debates, patterns, trends, drivers. review the history multiple dimensions values biodiversity, we explore what is known not about global patterns biodiversity. then changes biodiversity from early human times to modern era, examining rates extinction direct drivers change also highlighting some less-well-studied Finally, turn attention indirect loss, notably humanity's increasing consumption footprint, might be required reverse ongoing decline fabric life Earth.

Language: Английский

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