Temporal scales, sampling designs and age distributions in marine conservation palaeobiology DOI Creative Commons
Adam Tomášových, Stefano Dominici, Rafał Nawrot

et al.

Geological Society London Special Publications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 529(1), P. 1 - 39

Published: March 29, 2023

Abstract Conservation palaeobiology informs conservation and restoration of ecosystems by using the fossil record to discriminate between baseline novel states assess ecosystem response perturbations. Variability in time-scale palaeobiological data can generate patterns that either exaggerate or mute magnitude biotic changes. We identify two approaches remedy challenges associated with mixing post-impact transformation stratigraphic depth time. First, combining surface death assemblages both (1) preserved subsurface historical layers (2) living better resolve nature shifts than within-core surveys live–dead analyses alone. Second, post-mortem age distributions skeletal particles their preservation are not only informative about resolution time averaging but also timing changes abundance producers. High youngest cohorts is a null expectation disintegration burial dynamic. When this dynamic accounted for, benthic invertebrates from Holocene sediments often reveal high volatility, prolonged turn-offs production pervasive regime obscured raw record.

Language: Английский

Therapeutic Targeting of the Tumor Microenvironment DOI Open Access
Leire Bejarano, Marta Joana Costa Jordão, Johanna A. Joyce

et al.

Cancer Discovery, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 933 - 959

Published: April 1, 2021

Abstract Strategies to therapeutically target the tumor microenvironment (TME) have emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment in recent years due critical roles of TME regulating progression and modulating response standard-of-care therapies. Here, we summarize current knowledge regarding most advanced TME-directed therapies, which either been clinically approved or are currently being evaluated trials, including immunotherapies, antiangiogenic drugs, treatments directed against cancer-associated fibroblasts extracellular matrix. We also discuss some challenges associated with future perspectives this evolving field. Significance: This review provides comprehensive analysis therapies targeting TME, combining discussion underlying basic biology clinical evaluation different therapeutic approaches, highlighting perspectives.

Language: Английский

Citations

1071
Global acceleration in rates of vegetation change over the past 18,000 years DOI
Ondřej Mottl, Suzette G. A. Flantua, Kuber P. Bhatta

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 372(6544), P. 860 - 864

Published: May 21, 2021

The pace of Holocene vegetation change Although much is known about the rapid environmental changes that have occurred since Industrial Revolution, patterns over preceding millennia been only patchily understood. Using a global set >1100 fossil pollen records, Mottl et al. explored rates past 18,000 years (see Perspective by Overpeck and Breshears). authors show accelerated markedly during Late (∼4.6 to 2.9 thousand ago), even more rapidly than climate-driven associated with end last glacial period. In addition, acceleration began for terrestrial communities as whole, suggesting in turnover two centuries tip deeper trend. Science , abg1685, this issue p. 860 ; see also abi9902, 786

Language: Английский

Citations

232
Erosion of global functional diversity across the tree of life DOI Creative Commons
Carlos P. Carmona, Riin Tamme, Meelis Pärtel

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(13)

Published: March 26, 2021

Among plants and vertebrates, extinction risk is universally higher for the largest species with slower paces of life.

Language: Английский

Citations

173
The challenges of containing SARS-CoV-2 via test-trace-and-isolate DOI Creative Commons
Sebastián Contreras, Jonas Dehning, Matthias Loidolt

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 15, 2021

Without a cure, vaccine, or proven long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2, test-trace-and-isolate (TTI) strategies present promising tool to contain its spread. For any TTI strategy, however, mitigation is challenged by pre- and asymptomatic transmission, TTI-avoiders, undetected spreaders, who strongly contribute hidden infection chains. Here, we studied semi-analytical model identified two tipping points between controlled uncontrolled spread: (1) the behavior-driven reproduction number of chains becomes too large be compensated capabilities, (2) new infections exceeds tracing capacity. Both trigger self-accelerating We investigated how these depend on challenges like limited cooperation, missing contacts, imperfect isolation. Our results suggest that alone insufficient an otherwise unhindered spread implying complementary measures social distancing improved hygiene remain necessary.

Language: Английский

Citations

153
Point of Departure and Key Concepts DOI Open Access

Ara Rawshan,

Robert J. Lempert, Elham M. Ali

et al.

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121 - 196

Published: June 22, 2023

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to content, full PDF via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Language: Английский

Citations

106
Improving the relevance of paleontology to climate change policy DOI Creative Commons
Wolfgang Kiessling, Jansen A. Smith, Nussaïbah B. Raja

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(7)

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Paleontology has provided invaluable basic knowledge on the history of life Earth. The discipline can also provide substantial to societal challenges such as climate change. long-term perspective change impacts natural systems is both a unique selling point and major obstacle becoming more pertinent for policy-relevant bodies like Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change (IPCC). Repeated experiments without anthropogenic disturbance facilitate extraction triggers in biodiversity changes. At same time, long timescales over which paleontological changes are usually assessed beyond scope policymakers. Based first-hand experience with IPCC quantitative analysis its cited literature, we argue that differences temporal less an issue than inappropriate framing reporting most publications. Accepting some obstacles will remain, paleontology quickly improve relevance by targeting directly focusing effect sizes projections, particularly higher-end scenarios.

Language: Английский

Citations

54
Biodiversity conservation in the context of climate change: Facing challenges and management strategies DOI
Z. Wang, Tongxin Wang, Xiujuan Zhang

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 937, P. 173377 - 173377

Published: May 23, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

28
B Cell Subsets as Severity-Associated Signatures in COVID-19 Patients DOI Creative Commons
Víctor A. Sosa‐Hernández, Jiram Torres‐Ruiz, Rodrigo Cervantes‐Díaz

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 3, 2020

Background SARS-CoV-2 infection represents a global health problem that has affected millions of people. The fine host immune response and its association with the disease course have not yet been fully elucidated. Consequently, we analyze circulating B cell subsets their possible relationship COVID-19 features severity. Methods Using multiparametric flow cytometric approach, determined frequencies from 52 patients, grouped them by hierarchical cluster analysis, correlated values clinical data. Results frequency CD19 + cells is increased in severe compared to mild cases. Specific subset such as transitional increase mild/moderate cases but decrease severity disease. Memory compartment decreased critical cases, antibody-secreting are according Other non-typical double-negative also showed significant changes Globally, these differences allow us identify severity-associated patient clusters specific altered subsets. Finally, respiratory parameters, biomarkers inflammation, scores exhibited correlations some subpopulations. Conclusions accompanied subpopulations, either immature or terminally differentiated. Furthermore, existing laboratory parameters suggest lymphocytes could serve potential even active participants adaptive antiviral mounted against SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

Citations

133
Protected-area targets could be undermined by climate change-driven shifts in ecoregions and biomes DOI Creative Commons
Solomon Z. Dobrowski, Caitlin E. Littlefield, Drew Lyons

et al.

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Sept. 29, 2021

Abstract Expanding the global protected area network is critical for addressing biodiversity declines and climate crisis. However, how change will affect ecosystem representation within remains unclear. Here we use spatial analogs to examine potential climate-driven shifts in terrestrial ecoregions biomes under a +2 °C warming scenario associated implications achieving 30% area-based protection targets. We find that roughly half of land experience conditions correspond with different nearly quarter climates from biome. Of projected remain climatically stable, 46% currently intact (low human modification). The required achieve targets 87% exceeds intact, not protected, stable those ecoregions. Therefore, propose prioritization schemes need explicitly consider changes patterns biodiversity.

Language: Английский

Citations

101
Urban Biodiversity and the Importance of Scale DOI Creative Commons
Kenta Uchida, Rachel V. Blakey, Joseph R. Burger

et al.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 36(2), P. 123 - 131

Published: Nov. 6, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

97