Plastic futures and their CO2 emissions

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 612(7939), P. 272 - 276

Published: Dec. 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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Intrinsically Self-Healing Polymers: From Mechanistic Insight to Current Challenges

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 123(2), P. 701 - 735

Published: Dec. 28, 2022

Self-healing materials open new prospects for more sustainable technologies with improved material performance and devices' longevity. We present an overview of the recent developments in field intrinsically self-healing polymers, broad class based mostly on polymers dynamic covalent noncovalent bonds. describe current models mechanisms discuss several examples systems different types bonds, from various hydrogen bonds to The advances indicate that most intriguing results are obtained have combined These demonstrate high toughness along a relatively fast rate. There is clear trade-off relationship between rate mechanical modulus materials, we propose design principles toward surpassing this trade-off. also applications summarize challenges field. This review intends provide guidance intrinsic required properties.

Language: Английский

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Towards circular plastics within planetary boundaries

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(5), P. 599 - 610

Published: March 6, 2023

Abstract The rapid growth of plastics production exacerbated the triple planetary crisis habitat loss, plastic pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Circular strategies have been proposed for to achieve net-zero GHG However, implications such circular on absolute sustainability not examined a scale. This study links bottom-up model covering both end-of-life treatment 90% global boundaries framework. Here we show that even circular, climate-optimal industry combining current recycling technologies with biomass utilization transgresses thresholds by up four times. improving rates at least 75% in combination CO 2 can lead scenario which comply their assigned safe operating space 2030. Although being key unquantified effect novel entities biosphere, enhanced cannot cope demand predicted until 2050. Therefore, achieving requires fundamental change our methods producing using plastics.

Language: Английский

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Carbon capture utilization and storage in review: Sociotechnical implications for a carbon reliant world

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 177, P. 113215 - 113215

Published: March 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Technical, Economic, and Environmental Comparison of Closed-Loop Recycling Technologies for Common Plastics

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 965 - 978

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

Over 400 million metric tons of plastic waste are generated globally each year, resulting in pollution and lost resources. Recycling strategies can recapture this wasted material, but there is a lack quantitative transparent data on the capabilities impacts these processes. Here, we develop set material quality, retention, circularity, contamination tolerance, minimum selling price, greenhouse gas emissions, energy use, land toxicity, generation, water use metrics for closed-loop polymer recycling technologies, including mechanical solvent-based dissolution polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene, as well enzymatic hydrolysis, glycolysis, vapor methanolysis PET. Mechanical PET glycolysis display best economic (9%–73% lower than competing technologies) environmental (7%–88% lower) performances, while dissolution, provide recyclate qualities (2%–27% higher). We identify electricity, steam, organic solvents top process contributors to apply sensitivity multicriteria decision analyses highlight key future research areas. The estimates derived work baseline comparing improving help reclaimers optimal end-of-life routes given streams, serve framework assessing innovations.

Language: Английский

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Opportunities and challenges for the application of post-consumer plastic waste pyrolysis oils as steam cracker feedstocks: To decontaminate or not to decontaminate?

Waste Management, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 83 - 115

Published: Dec. 3, 2021

Thermochemical recycling of plastic waste to base chemicals via pyrolysis followed by a minimal amount upgrading and steam cracking is expected be the dominant chemical technology in coming decade. However, there are substantial safety operational risks when using oils instead conventional fossil-based feedstocks. This due fact that contain vast contaminants which main drivers for corrosion, fouling downstream catalyst poisoning industrial plants. Contaminants therefore crucial evaluate feasibility these alternative Indeed, current exceed typical feedstock specifications numerous known contaminants, e.g. nitrogen (∼1650 vs. 100 ppm max.), oxygen (∼1250 chlorine (∼1460 3 iron (∼33 0.001 sodium (∼0.8 0.125 max.) calcium (∼17 0.5 max.). Pyrolysis produced from post-consumer can only meet set cracker feedstocks if they upgraded, with hydrogen based technologies being most effective, combination an effective pre-treatment such as dehalogenation. Moreover, crackers reliant on stable predictable quality quantity representing challenge largely influenced consumer behavior, seasonal changes local sorting efficiencies. Nevertheless, standardization plants this become less problematic

Language: Английский

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Mechanism-Based Design of Efficient PET Hydrolases

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 3382 - 3396

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most widespread synthetic polyester, having been utilized in textile fibers and packaging materials for beverages food, contributing considerably to global solid waste stream environmental plastic pollution. While enzymatic PET recycling upcycling have recently emerged as viable disposal methods a circular economy, only handful of benchmark enzymes thoroughly described subjected protein engineering improved properties over last 16 years. By analyzing specific material reaction mechanisms context interfacial biocatalysis, this Perspective identifies several limitations current degradation approaches. Unbalanced enzyme-substrate interactions, limited thermostability, low catalytic efficiency at elevated temperatures, inhibition caused by oligomeric intermediates still hamper industrial applications that require high efficiency. To overcome these limitations, successful studies using innovative experimental computational approaches published extensively recent years thriving research field are summarized discussed detail here. The acquired knowledge experience will be applied near future address contributed other mass-produced polymer types (e.g., polyamides polyurethanes) should also properly disposed biotechnological

Language: Английский

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Decarbonization of the chemical industry through electrification: Barriers and opportunities

Joule, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 23 - 41

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Chemical Recycling of Polyethylene by Tandem Catalytic Conversion to Propylene

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 144(40), P. 18526 - 18531

Published: Sept. 30, 2022

Although polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are by far the world's largest volume plastics, only a tiny fraction of these energy-rich polyolefins currently recycled. Depolymerization PE to its constituent monomer, ethylene, is highly endothermic conventionally accessible through unselective, high-temperature pyrolysis. Here, we provide experimental demonstrations our recently proposed tandem catalysis strategy, which uses ethylene convert propylene, commodity monomer used make PP. The approach combines rapid olefin metathesis with rate-limiting isomerization. Monounsaturated progressively disassembled at modest temperatures via many consecutive ethenolysis events, resulting selectively in propylene. Fully saturated can be converted unsaturated starting single transfer dehydrogenation produces small amount ethane (1 equiv per event). These principles demonstrated using both homogeneous heterogeneous catalysts. While selectivity under batch conditions limited high conversion formation an equilibrium mixture olefins, propylene (≥94%) achieved semicontinuous process due continuous removal from reaction mixture.

Language: Английский

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Designing a circular carbon and plastics economy for a sustainable future

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 626(7997), P. 45 - 57

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Language: Английский

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