Global shark fishing mortality still rising despite widespread regulatory change

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 383(6679), P. 225 - 230

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Over the past two decades, sharks have been increasingly recognized among world's most threatened wildlife and hence received heightened scientific regulatory scrutiny. Yet, effect of protective regulations on shark fishing mortality has not evaluated at a global scale. Here we estimate that total increased from least 76 to 80 million between 2012 2019, ~25 which were species. Mortality by 4% in coastal waters but decreased 7% pelagic fisheries, especially across Atlantic Western Pacific. By linking data landscape, show widespread legislation designed prevent finning did reduce regional or retention bans had some success. These analyses, combined with expert interviews, highlight evidence-based solutions reverse continued overexploitation sharks.

Language: Английский

---

Measuring trends in extinction risk: a review of two decades of development and application of the Red List Index

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1917)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

The Red List Index (RLI) is an indicator of the average extinction risk groups species and reflects trends in this through time. It calculated from number each category on IUCN Threatened Species, with influenced by moving between categories when reassessed owing to genuine improvement or deterioration status. global RLI aggregated across multiple taxonomic can be disaggregated show for subsets (e.g. migratory species), driven particular factors international trade). National RLIs have been generated either repeated assessments national country disaggregating index weighting proportion its range country. has achieved wide policy uptake, including Convention Biological Diversity United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Future priorities include expanding coverage, applying goals targets Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, incorporating uncertainty underlying assessments, integrating into impact a species’ abroad, improving analysis driving trends. This article part discussion theme issue ‘Bending curve towards nature recovery: building Georgina Mace's legacy biodiverse future’.

Language: Английский

---

Conservation successes and challenges for wide-ranging sharks and rays

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(5)

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Overfishing is the most significant threat facing sharks and rays. Given growth in consumption of seafood, combined with compounding effects habitat loss, climate change, pollution, there a need to identify recovery paths, particularly poorly managed monitored fisheries. Here, we document conservation through fisheries management success for 11 coastal US waters by comparing population trends Bayesian state-space model before after implementation 1993 Fisheries Management Plan Sharks. We took advantage spatial temporal gradients fishing exposure Western Atlantic analyze effect on Red List status all 26 wide-ranging show that extinction risk was greater where pressure higher, but this offset strength engagement (indicated National Regional Action rays). The regional Index (which tracks changes time) declined regions until 1980s then improved North Central such average currently half Southwest. Many rays are wide ranging, successful one country can be undone regulated or unregulated elsewhere. Our study underscores well-enforced, science-based carefully achieve success, even slow-growing species.

Language: Английский

---

Mesoscale eddies modulate the dynamics of human fishing activities in the global midlatitude ocean

Fish and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 527 - 543

Published: March 8, 2023

Abstract Frequent fishing activities are causing overfishing, destroying the habitat of marine life, and threatening global biodiversity. Understanding dynamics their drivers is crucial for designing implementing effective ocean management. The in open sea reported to be characterized by high spatial variability local waters; however, it still unclear whether random or regulated oceanographic variations. Mesoscale eddies ubiquitous swirling currents that dominate locally biogeochemical processes. Previous case studies presented an ongoing debate regarding how exert impacts on trophic organisms, which imposes limitations understanding based bottom‐top control hypothesis from fish activities. By combining deep learning oceanic eddy atlases satellite monitoring, we showed variations were closely related mesoscale midlatitude ocean, confirming primarily targeting tuna, aggregated (repelled from) anticyclonic (cyclonic) cores. This eddy‐fishing activity relationship was opposite satellite‐observed primary production but corresponded well with temperature oxygen content deeper water. integrating existing evidence, attribute eddy‐related a reasonable warm oxygen‐rich water relieves thermal anoxic constraints diving predation tuna while aggravated cold oxygen‐poor cyclonic eddies.

Language: Английский

---

Top predator status and trends: ecological implications, monitoring and mitigation strategies to promote ecosystem-based management

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 13, 2024

The conservation and management of marine ecosystems hinge on a comprehensive understanding the status trends top predators. This review delves into ecological significance predators, examining their roles in maintaining ecosystem stability functioning through an integrated analysis current scientific literature. We first assess efficacy various monitoring methods, ranging from traditional field observations to cutting-edge technologies like satellite tracking environmental DNA (eDNA) evaluating strengths limitations terms accuracy, spatial coverage, cost-effectiveness, providing resource managers with essential insights for informed decision-making. Then, by synthesizing data diverse ecosystems, this study offers overview affecting predator populations worldwide. explore multifaceted impacts human activities, climate change, habitat degradation abundance distribution these key species. In doing so, we shed light broader implications declining populations, such as trophic cascades altered community structures. Following thorough assessment successful strategies reversing decline compilation recommendations is presented, encompassing effective governance interventions. A crucial aspect ecosystem-based implementation robust strategies. Mitigation measures are imperative reverse adverse present array mitigation options based case studies. These include establishment protected areas, enforcement fisheries regulations, promotion sustainable fishing practices. deepen synergies between potential mitigate human-induced stressors safeguard pivotal role structure function. By predators’ significance, analyzing population trends, discussing techniques, outlining strategies, provide researchers, policymakers, stakeholders engaged fostering approaches. conclude that integrating frameworks will be both predators environment future generations.

Language: Английский

---

Implications for the global tuna fishing industry of climate change-driven alterations in productivity and body sizes

Global and Planetary Change, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 222, P. 104055 - 104055

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Small fish biomass limits the catch potential in the High Seas

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2024

The High Seas, lying beyond the boundaries of nations’ Exclusive Economic Zones, cover majority ocean surface and host roughly two thirds marine primary production. Yet, only a small fraction global wild fish catch comes from despite intensifying industrial fishing efforts. surprisingly could reflect economic features Seas - such as difficulty cost in remote parts or ecological resulting biomass relative to We use coupled biological-economic model BOATS estimate contributing factors, comparing observed catches with simulations where: (i) depends on distance shore seafloor depth; (ii) catchability depth vertical habitat extent; (iii) regions micronutrient limitation have reduced production; (iv) trophic transfer energy production demersal food webs (v) migrates coastal regions. Our results suggest that most important are ecological: communities receive large proportion shallow waters, but very little deep waters due respiration by organisms throughout water column. Other factors play secondary role, migrations having potentially uncertain smallest effects. stress importance properly representing future fisheries projections, clarify their limited role provision.

Language: Английский

---

Species-specific profiles of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in small coastal sharks along the South Atlantic Bight of the United States

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 927, P. 171758 - 171758

Published: March 21, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Updating requirements for Endangered, Threatened and Protected species MSC Fisheries Standard v3.0 to operationalise best practices

Marine Policy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 163, P. 106117 - 106117

Published: April 10, 2024

Bycatch in fisheries is a key threat to non-target marine species, particularly for those species that have life histories with low productivity or poor conservation status. In this paper, the requirements of new Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) Fisheries Standard (hereafter "the Standard") are summarised relevant Endangered, Threatened and Protected (ETP) species. This covers both how designated as ETP, performance management assessed respect ETP when scoring against Standard. The process used select these described, including review earlier versions assessment reports selection achieved MSC certification. identified lack consistency implementation guidelines, which was part due clarity revised has been designed achieve more consistent impacts on align closely global best practice. may be template managers seeking prioritise bycatch improved setting specific measurable objectives relation population status minimising mortalities.

Language: Английский

---

Global habitat predictions to inform spatiotemporal fisheries management: Initial steps within the framework

Marine Policy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 106155 - 106155

Published: April 29, 2024

Tuna Regional Fishery Management Organizations (tRFMOs) are increasingly interested in spatiotemporal management as a tool to reduce interaction rates with vulnerable species.We use blue shark (Prionace glauca) case study demonstrate the critical first steps implementation process, highlighting how predictions of global habitat for life stages can be transformed into publicly-accessible spatial bycatch mitigation tool.By providing examples possible goals and an associated threshold identify essential habitats, we show these key areas represent relatively low percentage oceanic area on monthly basis (16-24% between 50 • S 60 N), yet have high potential protection efficiency (~ 42%) if fishing effort is redistributed elsewhere.While has demonstrable sharks effectively mitigate mortality sensitive stages, inherent challenges sequential that require careful consideration by tRFMOs work proceeds.We also discuss our single-species framework could easily extended multispecies approach assigning relative conservation risk before layering model integrated analysis.Such broader application address related reducing ecosystem effects pave way efficient fisheries co-management using ecosystem-based approach.

Language: Английский

---