Global shark fishing mortality still rising despite widespread regulatory change

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 383(6679), P. 225 - 230

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Over the past two decades, sharks have been increasingly recognized among world's most threatened wildlife and hence received heightened scientific regulatory scrutiny. Yet, effect of protective regulations on shark fishing mortality has not evaluated at a global scale. Here we estimate that total increased from least 76 to 80 million between 2012 2019, ~25 which were species. Mortality by 4% in coastal waters but decreased 7% pelagic fisheries, especially across Atlantic Western Pacific. By linking data landscape, show widespread legislation designed prevent finning did reduce regional or retention bans had some success. These analyses, combined with expert interviews, highlight evidence-based solutions reverse continued overexploitation sharks.

Language: Английский

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Measuring trends in extinction risk: a review of two decades of development and application of the Red List Index

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1917)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

The Red List Index (RLI) is an indicator of the average extinction risk groups species and reflects trends in this through time. It calculated from number each category on IUCN Threatened Species, with influenced by moving between categories when reassessed owing to genuine improvement or deterioration status. global RLI aggregated across multiple taxonomic can be disaggregated show for subsets (e.g. migratory species), driven particular factors international trade). National RLIs have been generated either repeated assessments national country disaggregating index weighting proportion its range country. has achieved wide policy uptake, including Convention Biological Diversity United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Future priorities include expanding coverage, applying goals targets Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, incorporating uncertainty underlying assessments, integrating into impact a species’ abroad, improving analysis driving trends. This article part discussion theme issue ‘Bending curve towards nature recovery: building Georgina Mace's legacy biodiverse future’.

Language: Английский

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Conservation successes and challenges for wide-ranging sharks and rays

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(5)

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Overfishing is the most significant threat facing sharks and rays. Given growth in consumption of seafood, combined with compounding effects habitat loss, climate change, pollution, there a need to identify recovery paths, particularly poorly managed monitored fisheries. Here, we document conservation through fisheries management success for 11 coastal US waters by comparing population trends Bayesian state-space model before after implementation 1993 Fisheries Management Plan Sharks. We took advantage spatial temporal gradients fishing exposure Western Atlantic analyze effect on Red List status all 26 wide-ranging show that extinction risk was greater where pressure higher, but this offset strength engagement (indicated National Regional Action rays). The regional Index (which tracks changes time) declined regions until 1980s then improved North Central such average currently half Southwest. Many rays are wide ranging, successful one country can be undone regulated or unregulated elsewhere. Our study underscores well-enforced, science-based carefully achieve success, even slow-growing species.

Language: Английский

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Mesoscale eddies modulate the dynamics of human fishing activities in the global midlatitude ocean

Fish and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 527 - 543

Published: March 8, 2023

Abstract Frequent fishing activities are causing overfishing, destroying the habitat of marine life, and threatening global biodiversity. Understanding dynamics their drivers is crucial for designing implementing effective ocean management. The in open sea reported to be characterized by high spatial variability local waters; however, it still unclear whether random or regulated oceanographic variations. Mesoscale eddies ubiquitous swirling currents that dominate locally biogeochemical processes. Previous case studies presented an ongoing debate regarding how exert impacts on trophic organisms, which imposes limitations understanding based bottom‐top control hypothesis from fish activities. By combining deep learning oceanic eddy atlases satellite monitoring, we showed variations were closely related mesoscale midlatitude ocean, confirming primarily targeting tuna, aggregated (repelled from) anticyclonic (cyclonic) cores. This eddy‐fishing activity relationship was opposite satellite‐observed primary production but corresponded well with temperature oxygen content deeper water. integrating existing evidence, attribute eddy‐related a reasonable warm oxygen‐rich water relieves thermal anoxic constraints diving predation tuna while aggravated cold oxygen‐poor cyclonic eddies.

Language: Английский

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Top predator status and trends: ecological implications, monitoring and mitigation strategies to promote ecosystem-based management

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 13, 2024

The conservation and management of marine ecosystems hinge on a comprehensive understanding the status trends top predators. This review delves into ecological significance predators, examining their roles in maintaining ecosystem stability functioning through an integrated analysis current scientific literature. We first assess efficacy various monitoring methods, ranging from traditional field observations to cutting-edge technologies like satellite tracking environmental DNA (eDNA) evaluating strengths limitations terms accuracy, spatial coverage, cost-effectiveness, providing resource managers with essential insights for informed decision-making. Then, by synthesizing data diverse ecosystems, this study offers overview affecting predator populations worldwide. explore multifaceted impacts human activities, climate change, habitat degradation abundance distribution these key species. In doing so, we shed light broader implications declining populations, such as trophic cascades altered community structures. Following thorough assessment successful strategies reversing decline compilation recommendations is presented, encompassing effective governance interventions. A crucial aspect ecosystem-based implementation robust strategies. Mitigation measures are imperative reverse adverse present array mitigation options based case studies. These include establishment protected areas, enforcement fisheries regulations, promotion sustainable fishing practices. deepen synergies between potential mitigate human-induced stressors safeguard pivotal role structure function. By predators’ significance, analyzing population trends, discussing techniques, outlining strategies, provide researchers, policymakers, stakeholders engaged fostering approaches. conclude that integrating frameworks will be both predators environment future generations.

Language: Английский

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Implications for the global tuna fishing industry of climate change-driven alterations in productivity and body sizes

Global and Planetary Change, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 222, P. 104055 - 104055

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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Pacific sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, association with ocean currents and seasonal effects of upwelling using real-time Argos locations

Frontiers in Fish Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Pacific sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) are the most abundant marlin in Central American waters and a species of socioeconomic ecological importance with sport fishing generating millions dollars (USD) thousands jobs each year. Concurrently, caught as bycatch purse seine longline gear potentially threatening stability population sportfishing community. In this study, Wildlife Computers Mk10 satellite transmitters were deployed on ( n = 6) which relayed real time Argos locations post-release light-derived geolocation positional estimates. The two location recording methods produced similar tracking intervals—deployment date until final date—(Argos: 33.0 ± 13.5 d; GPE: 32.0 11.2 d), detection days—number days transmitter recorded location—(Argos: 7.8 6.0 12.3 8.5 d). total, displacement distances from initial tagging to (Argos) ranged 339.92 985.59 km crossed 6 different Exclusive Economic Zones. During migrating, exhibited alternating with-current against-current movements, pattern that was consistent both upwelling non-upwelling seasons. Despite known fluctuations associated seasonal eastern Pacific, experienced relatively stable microenvironments average temperature variability remaining within 2°C. Behavioral modification achieve consistency could be through depth use (48 28 m vs. 37 47 m), though mechanism alone seems unlikely fully explain their ability mitigate environmental dynamics. Further research is needed understand mechanisms underlying these behavioral adaptations factors contribute resilience. Additionally, strengthened protection measures critical ensure conservation Costa Rica, including elimination all commercial sale.

Language: Английский

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Ecological erosion and expanding extinction risk of sharks and rays

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 386(6726)

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

The true state of ocean biodiversity is difficult to assess, and there are few global indicators track the primary threat overfishing. We calculated a 50-year Red List Index extinction risk ecological function for 1199 sharks rays found that since 1970, overfishing has halved their populations worsened by 19%. Overfishing largest species in nearshore pelagic habitats risks loss ecomorphotypes 5 22% erosion functional diversity. Extinction higher countries with large human coastal but lower nations stronger governance, larger economies, greater beneficial fisheries subsidies. Restricting fishing (including incidental catch) trade sustainable levels combined prohibiting retention highly threatened can avert further depletion, widespread population connectivity, top-down predator control.

Language: Английский

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Small fish biomass limits the catch potential in the High Seas

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2024

The High Seas, lying beyond the boundaries of nations’ Exclusive Economic Zones, cover majority ocean surface and host roughly two thirds marine primary production. Yet, only a small fraction global wild fish catch comes from despite intensifying industrial fishing efforts. surprisingly could reflect economic features Seas - such as difficulty cost in remote parts or ecological resulting biomass relative to We use coupled biological-economic model BOATS estimate contributing factors, comparing observed catches with simulations where: (i) depends on distance shore seafloor depth; (ii) catchability depth vertical habitat extent; (iii) regions micronutrient limitation have reduced production; (iv) trophic transfer energy production demersal food webs (v) migrates coastal regions. Our results suggest that most important are ecological: communities receive large proportion shallow waters, but very little deep waters due respiration by organisms throughout water column. Other factors play secondary role, migrations having potentially uncertain smallest effects. stress importance properly representing future fisheries projections, clarify their limited role provision.

Language: Английский

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Species-specific profiles of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in small coastal sharks along the South Atlantic Bight of the United States

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 927, P. 171758 - 171758

Published: March 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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