Lessons learnt from COVID-19 to reduce mortality and morbidity in the Global South: addressing global vaccine equity for future pandemics DOI Creative Commons
Rebecca R. Martin,

Allan Maleche,

Jill Gay

et al.

BMJ Global Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. e013680 - e013680

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

COVID-19, which killed more than 6 million people, will not be the last pandemic. Vaccines are key to preventing and ending pandemics. Therefore, it is critical move now, before next pandemic, towards global vaccine equity with shared goals, intermediate steps long-term advocacy goals. Scientific integrity, ethical development, transparency, accountability communication critical. Countries can draw on lessons learnt from their response HIV pandemics, has been at vanguard of ensuring equitable access rights-based services, create goals engage communities increase delivery safe, quality vaccines. Access increased by: fostering spread mRNA intellectual property (IP) rights, manufacturing continents; creating price transparency for vaccines; easily understandable, accessible transparent data demand a new international legal framework that allows IP rights waived quickly once pandemic identified; drawing scientific expertise around world. Delivery improved strong public health systems deliver vaccines through lifespan; or strengthening national regulatory agencies independent advisory committees disseminating information reliable, subnational surveillance systems; improving understanding as become available, this may result in changes guidance; prioritising based criteria during an epidemic; developing strategies vaccinate those highest risk available

Language: Английский

Infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and reinfections during the Omicron wave DOI Open Access
Sophia T. Tan, Ada Kwan, Isabel Rodríguez-Barraquer

et al.

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(2), P. 358 - 365

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

190
Epigenetic memory of coronavirus infection in innate immune cells and their progenitors DOI Creative Commons
Jin‐Gyu Cheong, Arjun Ravishankar, Siddhartha Sharma

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 186(18), P. 3882 - 3902.e24

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

134
Molecular characteristics, immune evasion, and impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants DOI Creative Commons
Cong Sun, Chu Xie,

Guo‐Long Bu

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: June 28, 2022

Abstract The persistent COVID-19 pandemic since 2020 has brought an enormous public health burden to the global society and is accompanied by various evolution of virus genome. consistently emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants harboring critical mutations impact molecular characteristics viral proteins display heterogeneous behaviors in immune evasion, transmissibility, clinical manifestation during infection, which differ each strain endow them with distinguished features populational spread. Several variants, identified as Variants Concern (VOC) World Health Organization, challenged efforts on control due rapid worldwide spread enhanced evasion from current antibodies vaccines. Moreover, recent Omicron variant even exacerbated anxiety continuous pandemic. Its significant medical treatment disease highlights necessity combinatory investigation mutational pattern influence dynamics against immunity, would greatly facilitate drug vaccine development benefit policymaking. Hence this review, we summarized characteristics, impacts focused parallel comparison different profile, transmissibility tropism alteration, effectiveness, manifestations, order provide a comprehensive landscape for research.

Language: Английский

Citations

116
Recent developments in the immunopathology of COVID‐19 DOI Creative Commons
Huanping Zhang,

Yuanli Sun,

Yanfen Wang

et al.

Allergy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 78(2), P. 369 - 388

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

Abstract There has been an important change in the clinical characteristics and immune profile of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients during pandemic thanks to extensive vaccination programs. Here, we highlight recent studies on COVID‐19, from immunological protective risk factors for severity mortality COVID‐19. The efficacy COVID‐19 vaccines potential allergic reactions after administration are also discussed. occurrence new variants concerns such as Omicron BA.2, BA.4, BA.5 global have changed scenario Multisystem inflammatory syndrome children (MIS‐C) may cause severe heterogeneous but with a lower rate. Perturbations immunity T cells, B mast well autoantibodies metabolic reprogramming contribute long‐term symptoms is conflicting evidence about whether atopic diseases, asthma rhinitis, associated susceptibility better outcomes At beginning pandemic, European Academy Allergy Clinical Immunology (EAACI) developed guidelines that provided timely information management diseases preventive measures reduce transmission clinics. distribution emerging acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) reduced pathogenic dramatically decreased morbidity, severity, Nevertheless, breakthrough infection remains challenge control. Hypersensitivity (HSR) low compared other vaccines, these were addressed EAACI statements indications reactions, including anaphylaxis vaccines. We gained depth knowledge experience over years since start yet full eradication SARS‐CoV‐2 not horizon. Novel strategies warranted prevent high‐risk groups, development MIS‐C long

Language: Английский

Citations

72
Interpretation of indoor air surveillance for respiratory infections: a prospective longitudinal observational study in a childcare setting DOI
Caspar Geenen,

Steven Traets,

Sarah Gorissen

et al.

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 112, P. 105512 - 105512

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Breakthrough infections after COVID-19 vaccination: Insights, perspectives and challenges DOI Creative Commons

Evropi Amanatidou,

Anna Gkiouliava, Eva Pella

et al.

Metabolism Open, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 100180 - 100180

Published: March 17, 2022

Vaccination programs against SARS-CoV-2 constitute the mainstay of public health interventions global COVID-19 pandemic. Currently available vaccines have shown 90% or better rates protection severe disease and mortality. Barely a year after became available, Omicron variant its unprecedented speed transmission has posed new challenge. Overall, presents increased immune escape, transmissibility, decreased pathogenicity. Vaccines do not offer full acquisition, since "breakthrough" infections may occur in fully vaccinated individuals, who turn spread virus to others. Breakthrough be causally related viral profile (viral load, incubation period, pathogenicity, evasion), immunity characteristics (mucosal versus systemic immunity, duration etc.), host determinants (age, comorbidities, status, immunosuppressive drugs) vaccination properties (platform, antigen dose, dose number, interval, route administration). Determining rate breakthrough challenging necessitates conduction population-based studies regarding vaccine effectiveness as well neutralizing antibody testing, surrogate protection. In this review, we analyze causes infections, their clinical consequences (severity infection transmission), methods determining incidence challenges perspectives. Long COVID multi-inflammatory syndrome adolescents significantly reduced infections. The need for universal pancoranavirus that would aim at protecting plethora variants emerging is discussed. Finally, novel strategies, such nasal vaccines, confer robust mucosal protection, reducing efficiently transmission.

Language: Английский

Citations

68
COVID-19 pandemic dynamics in South Africa and epidemiological characteristics of three variants of concern (Beta, Delta, and Omicron) DOI Creative Commons
Wan Yang, Jeffrey Shaman

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Aug. 3, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) have been key drivers new disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic waves. To better understand variant epidemiologic characteristics, here we apply a model-inference system to reconstruct SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in South Africa, country that has experienced three VOC waves (i.e. Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1) by February 2022. We estimate quantities each the nine African provinces during March 2020 2022, while accounting for changing detection rates, infection seasonality, nonpharmaceutical interventions, vaccination. Model validation shows estimated underlying rates parameters (e.g. infection-detection rate infection-fatality risk) are line with independent epidemiological data investigations. In addition, retrospective predictions capture trajectories beyond model training period. These detailed, validated estimates thus enable quantification both immune erosion potential transmissibility major VOCs, is, BA.1. findings help elucidate COVID-19 inform future public health planning.

Language: Английский

Citations

57
COVID‐19: Omicron – the latest, the least virulent, but probably not the last variant of concern of SARS‐CoV‐2 DOI
Harald Brüssow

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 1927 - 1939

Published: April 20, 2022

The Omicron variant rapidly became the dominant SARS-CoV-2 strain in South Africa and elsewhere. This review explores whether this rise was due to an increased transmission of or its escape from population immunity by extensively mutated spike protein. mutations affected structure protein leading loss neutralization most, but not all, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. also shows substantial immune serum antibodies convalescent patients vaccinees. A booster immunization increased, however, titre breadth antiviral antibody response. cellular response against largely preserved explaining a satisfying protection boosted vaccinees severe infections. Clinicians observed less infection with Omicron, other scientists warned that must necessarily reflect intrinsic virulence. However, animal experiments mice hamsters, infections displayed lesser virulence than previous VOCs lung functions were compromised. Cell biologists demonstrated differs Delta preferring endocytic pathway for cell entry over fusion plasma membrane which might explain Omicron's distinct replication along respiratory tract compared Delta. represents evolutionary lineage deviated mainstream evolving already mid-2020 raising questions about where it circulated before getting widespread December 2021. role future trajectory COVID-19 pandemic is discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

55
BNT162b2-induced memory T cells respond to the Omicron variant with preserved polyfunctionality DOI Open Access
Min Kyung Jung, Seong Dong Jeong, Ji Yun Noh

et al.

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(6), P. 909 - 917

Published: May 16, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

55
A variant-proof SARS-CoV-2 vaccine targeting HR1 domain in S2 subunit of spike protein DOI Creative Commons

Wei Pang,

Ying Lu, Yan‐Bo Zhao

et al.

Cell Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(12), P. 1068 - 1085

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

Abstract The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, commonly with many mutations in S1 subunit of spike (S) protein are weakening the efficacy current vaccines and antibody therapeutics. This calls for variant-proof targeting more conserved regions S protein. Here, we designed a recombinant vaccine, HR121, HR1 domain S2 HR121 consisting HR1–linker1–HR2–linker2–HR1, is conformationally functionally analogous to present fusion intermediate conformation subunit. Immunization rabbits rhesus macaques elicited highly potent cross-neutralizing antibodies against its particularly Omicron sublineages. Vaccination achieved near-full protections prototype infection hACE2 transgenic mice, Syrian golden hamsters macaques, effective protection BA.2 hamsters. study demonstrates that promising candidate vaccine novel target application future variants.

Language: Английский

Citations

55