Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(37)

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

This planetary boundaries framework update finds that six of the nine are transgressed, suggesting Earth is now well outside safe operating space for humanity. Ocean acidification close to being breached, while aerosol loading regionally exceeds boundary. Stratospheric ozone levels have slightly recovered. The transgression level has increased all earlier identified as overstepped. As primary production drives system biosphere functions, human appropriation net proposed a control variable functional integrity. boundary also transgressed. modeling different climate and land change illustrates these anthropogenic impacts on must be considered in systemic context.

Language: Английский

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The herbarium of the future

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(5), P. 412 - 423

Published: Dec. 20, 2022

The ~400 million specimens deposited across ~3000 herbaria are essential for: (i) understanding where plants have lived in the past, (ii) forecasting they may live future, and (iii) delineating their conservation status. An open access 'global metaherbarium' is emerging as these digitized, mobilized, interlinked online. This virtual biodiversity resource attracting new users who accelerating traditional applications of generating basic applied scientific innovations, including e-monographs floras produced by diverse, interdisciplinary, inclusive teams; robust machine-learning algorithms for species identification phenotyping; collection synthesis ecological genomic trait data at large spatiotemporal phylogenetic scales; exhibitions installations that convey beauty value addressing broader societal issues.

Language: Английский

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Genetic diversity goals and targets have improved, but remain insufficient for clear implementation of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework

Conservation Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 181 - 191

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Genetic diversity among and within populations of all species is necessary for people nature to survive thrive in a changing world. Over the past three years, commitments conserving genetic have become more ambitious specific under Convention on Biological Diversity's (CBD) draft post-2020 global biodiversity framework (GBF). This Perspective article comments how goals targets GBF evolved, improvements that are still needed, lessons learned from this process, connections between actions reporting will be needed maintain, protect, manage monitor diversity. It possible strives maintain species, restore connectivity, develop national conservation strategies, report these using proposed, feasible indicators.

Language: Английский

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Looking back on biodiversity change: lessons for the road ahead

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1881)

Published: May 29, 2023

Estimating biodiversity change across the planet in context of widespread human modification is a critical challenge. Here, we review how has changed recent decades scales and taxonomic groups, focusing on four diversity metrics: species richness, temporal turnover, spatial beta-diversity abundance. At local scales, all metrics includes many examples both increases declines tends to be centred around zero, but with higher prevalence declining trends (increasing similarity composition space or biotic homogenization) The exception this pattern changes through time observed most assemblages. Less known about at regional although several studies suggest that richness are more prevalent than declines. Change global scale hardest estimate accurately, extinction rates probably outpacing speciation rates, elevated. Recognizing variability essential accurately portray unfolding, highlights much remains unknown magnitude direction multiple different scales. Reducing these blind spots allow appropriate management actions deployed. This article part theme issue ‘Detecting attributing causes change: needs, gaps solutions’.

Language: Английский

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Fungal diversity notes 1717–1817: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(1), P. 1 - 216

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Earth at risk: An urgent call to end the age of destruction and forge a just and sustainable future

PNAS Nexus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(4)

Published: March 28, 2024

Human development has ushered in an era of converging crises: climate change, ecological destruction, disease, pollution, and socioeconomic inequality. This review synthesizes the breadth these interwoven emergencies underscores urgent need for comprehensive, integrated action. Propelled by imperialism, extractive capitalism, a surging population, we are speeding past Earth's material limits, destroying critical ecosystems, triggering irreversible changes biophysical systems that underpin Holocene climatic stability which fostered human civilization. The consequences actions disproportionately borne vulnerable populations, further entrenching global inequities. Marine terrestrial biomes face tipping points, while escalating challenges to food water access foreshadow bleak outlook security. Against this backdrop Earth at risk, call response centered on decarbonization, fostering reciprocity with nature, implementing regenerative practices natural resource management. We elimination detrimental subsidies, promotion equitable development, transformative financial support lower income nations. A paradigm shift must occur replaces exploitative, wealth-oriented capitalism economic model prioritizes sustainability, resilience, justice. advocate cultural elevates kinship nature communal well-being, underpinned recognition finite resources interconnectedness its inhabitants. imperative is clear: navigate away from precipice, collectively harness political will, resources, societal values steer toward future where progress does not come cost integrity social equity.

Language: Английский

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Monitoring of species’ genetic diversity in Europe varies greatly and overlooks potential climate change impacts

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 267 - 281

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Abstract Genetic monitoring of populations currently attracts interest in the context Convention on Biological Diversity but needs long-term planning and investments. However, genetic diversity has been largely neglected biodiversity monitoring, when addressed, it is treated separately, detached from other conservation issues, such as habitat alteration due to climate change. We report an accounting efforts monitor population Europe (genetic effort, GME), evaluation which can help guide future capacity building collaboration towards areas most need expanded monitoring. Overlaying GME with where ranges selected species approach current niche limits helps identify whether coincides anticipated change effects biodiversity. Our analysis suggests that country area, financial resources policy influence GME, high values only partially match species’ joint patterns suitable climatic conditions. Populations at trailing margins probably hold important for adaptation changing climate. results illuminate investment across gradients occupied by focal species, a arguably greatest southeastern European countries. This could be met part expanding Union’s Birds Habitats Directives fully address diversity.

Language: Английский

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How useful is genomic data for predicting maladaptation to future climate?

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Methods using genomic information to forecast potential population maladaptation climate change or new environments are becoming increasingly common, yet the lack of model validation poses serious hurdles toward their incorporation into management and policy. Here, we compare estimates derived from two methods—Gradient Forests (GF offset ) risk non‐adaptedness (RONA)—using exome capture pool‐seq data 35 39 populations across three conifer taxa: Douglas‐fir varieties jack pine. We evaluate sensitivity these algorithms source input loci (markers selected genotype–environment associations [GEA] those at random). validate methods against 2‐ 52‐year growth mortality measured in independent transplant experiments. Overall, find that both often better predict performance than climatic geographic distances. also GF RONA models surprisingly not improved GEA candidates. Even with promising results, variation projections future climates makes it difficult identify most maladapted either method. Our work advances understanding applicability approaches, discuss recommendations for use.

Language: Английский

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Too simple, too complex, or just right? Advantages, challenges, and guidance for indicators of genetic diversity

BioScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 74(4), P. 269 - 280

Published: March 11, 2024

Abstract Measuring genetic diversity of wild species using DNA-based data remains resource intensive and time consuming for nearly all species. However, assessments are needed global conservation commitments, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, governments managers to evaluate progress, as well prioritizing populations preserve recover (e.g., via rescue). Recently, indicators were developed tracking reporting status trends hundreds The quantify two simple proxies within-population among-population adaptive potential: small effective population size (Ne < 500) loss genetically distinct populations. must balance scientific credibility, practicality, simplicity. In present article, we summarize advantages these pragmatic indicators, address critiques by scientists simplifying assumptions policymakers complexity, propose potential solutions next steps. We aim support practitioners putting into policy, action, legislation, reporting.

Language: Английский

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Global meta-analysis shows action is needed to halt genetic diversity loss

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Mitigating loss of genetic diversity is a major global biodiversity challenge1-4. To meet recent international commitments to maintain within species5,6, we need understand relationships between threats, conservation management and change. Here conduct analysis change via meta-analysis all available temporal measures from more than three decades research. We show that within-population being lost over timescales likely have been impacted by human activities, some actions may mitigate this loss. Our dataset includes 628 species (animals, plants, fungi chromists) across terrestrial most marine realms on Earth. Threats two-thirds the populations analysed, less half analysed received management. Genetic occurs globally realistic prediction for many species, especially birds mammals, in face threats such as land use change, disease, abiotic natural phenomena harvesting or harassment. Conservation strategies designed improve environmental conditions, increase population growth rates introduce new individuals (for example, restoring connectivity performing translocations) even diversity. findings underscore urgent active, genetically informed interventions halt

Language: Английский

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