The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan was the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(6609), P. 951 - 959

Published: July 26, 2022

Understanding how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in 2019 is critical to preventing future zoonotic outbreaks before they become the next pandemic. The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market Wuhan, China, was identified as a likely source of cases early reports, but later this conclusion became controversial. We show here that earliest known COVID-19 from December 2019, including those without reported direct links, were geographically centered on market. report live SARS-CoV-2–susceptible mammals sold at market late and within market, SARS-CoV-2–positive environmental samples spatially associated with vendors selling mammals. Although there insufficient evidence define upstream events, exact circumstances remain obscure, our analyses indicate emergence SARS-CoV-2 occurred through wildlife trade China epicenter

Language: Английский

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The molecular epidemiology of multiple zoonotic origins of SARS-CoV-2

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(6609), P. 960 - 966

Published: July 26, 2022

Understanding the circumstances that lead to pandemics is important for their prevention. We analyzed genomic diversity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) early in disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. show SARS-CoV-2 before February 2020 likely comprised only two distinct viral lineages, denoted "A" and "B." Phylodynamic rooting methods, coupled with epidemic simulations, reveal these lineages were result at least separate cross-species transmission events into humans. The first zoonotic involved lineage B viruses around 18 November (23 October 8 December), introduction A occurred within weeks this event. These findings indicate it unlikely circulated widely humans define narrow window between when jumped cases COVID-19 reported. As other coronaviruses, emergence resulted from multiple events.

Language: Английский

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The Evolution and Biology of SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. a041390 - a041390

Published: April 20, 2022

Our understanding of the still unfolding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic would have been extremely limited without study genetics and evolution this new human coronavirus. Large-scale genome-sequencing efforts provided close to real-time tracking global spread diversification SARS-CoV-2 since its entry into population in late 2019. These data underpinned analysis origins, epidemiology, adaptations population: principally immune evasion increasing transmissibility. SARS-CoV-2, despite being a pathogen, was highly capable human-to-human transmission. During rapid humans, has evolved independent forms, so-called "variants concern," that are better optimized for The most important adaptation bat progenitor both SARS-CoV-1 infection (and other mammals) is use angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor. Relaxed structural constraints provide plasticity SARS-related spike protein permitting it accommodate significant amino acid replacements antigenic consequence compromising ability bind ACE2. Although bulk research justifiably concentrated on viral as main determinant changes transmissibility, there accumulating evidence contribution regions proteome virus-host interaction. Whereas levels community transmission recombinants genetically distinct variants at present low, when divergent cocirculate, recombination between clades detected, risk viruses with properties emerge. Applying computational machine learning methods genome sequence sets generate experimentally verifiable predictions will serve an early warning system novel variant surveillance be future vaccine planning. Omicron, latest concern, focused attention step change events, "shift," opposed incremental "drift" antigenicity. Both increase transmissibility shift Omicron led readily causing infections fully vaccinated and/or previously infected. Omicron's virulence, while reduced relative concern replaced, Delta, very much premised past exposure individuals clear signal boosted vaccination protects from disease. Currently, proven itself dangerous pathogen unpredictable evolutionary capacity, leading too great not ensure all world screened by sequencing, protected through available affordable vaccines, non-punitive strategies place detecting responding concern.

Language: Английский

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Pandemic origins and a One Health approach to preparedness and prevention: Solutions based on SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA viruses

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(42)

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

COVID-19 is the latest zoonotic RNA virus epidemic of concern. Learning how it began and spread will help to determine reduce risk future events. We review major outbreaks since 1967 identify common features opportunities prevent emergence, including ancestral viral origins in birds, bats, other mammals; animal reservoirs intermediate hosts; pathways for spillover community spread, leading local, regional, or international outbreaks. The increasing scientific evidence concerning Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) most consistent with a origin pathway from wildlife people via farming trade. apply what we know about these relevant, feasible, implementable interventions. three primary targets pandemic prevention preparedness: first, smart surveillance coupled epidemiological assessment across wildlife–livestock–human (One Health) interfaces; second, research enhance preparedness expedite development vaccines therapeutics; third, strategies underlying drivers influence misinformation. For all three, continued efforts improve integrate biosafety biosecurity implementation One Health approach are essential. discuss new models address challenges creating an inclusive effective governance structure, necessary stable funding cross-disciplinary collaborative research. Finally, offer recommendations feasible actions close knowledge gaps continuum response future.

Language: Английский

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After 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, translating One Health into action is urgent

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 401(10378), P. 789 - 794

Published: Oct. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 at the Huanan Seafood Market

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 631(8020), P. 402 - 408

Published: April 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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Interventions to Reduce Risk for Pathogen Spillover and Early Disease Spread to Prevent Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(3), P. 1 - 9

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

The pathogens that cause most emerging infectious diseases in humans originate animals, particularly wildlife, and then spill over into humans. accelerating frequency with which domestic animals encounter wildlife because of activities such as land-use change, animal husbandry, markets trade live has created growing opportunities for pathogen spillover. risk spillover early disease spread among humans, however, can be reduced by stopping the clearing degradation tropical subtropical forests, improving health economic security communities living hotspots, enhancing biosecurity shutting down or strictly regulating trade, expanding surveillance. We summarize expert opinions on how to implement these goals prevent outbreaks, epidemics, pandemics.

Language: Английский

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Statistical Modeling of Spatially Stratified Heterogeneous Data

Annals of the American Association of Geographers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 114(3), P. 499 - 519

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Spatial statistics is an important methodology for geospatial data analysis. It has evolved to handle spatially autocorrelated and (locally) heterogeneous data, which aim capture the first second laws of geography, respectively. Examples stratified heterogeneity (SSH) include climatic zones land-use types. Methods such are relatively underdeveloped compared two properties. The presence SSH evidence that nature lawful structured rather than purely random. This induces another "layer" causality underlying variations observed in geographical data. In this article, we go beyond traditional cluster-based approaches propose a unified approach provide equation SSH, display how source bias spatial sampling confounding modeling, detect nonlinear stochastic inherited distribution, quantify general interaction identified by overlaying distributions, perform prediction based on develop new measure goodness fit, enhance global modeling integrating them with q statistic. research advances statistical theory methods dealing thereby offering toolbox

Language: Английский

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The Emergence and Evolution of SARS-CoV-2

Annual Review of Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 21 - 42

Published: April 18, 2024

The origin of SARS-CoV-2 has evoked heated debate and strong accusations, yet seemingly little resolution. I review the scientific evidence on its subsequent spread through human population. available data clearly point to a natural zoonotic emergence within, or closely linked to, Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan. There is no direct linking laboratory work conducted at Wuhan Institute Virology. global was characterized by gradual adaptation humans, with dual increases transmissibility virulence until Omicron variant. Of note been frequent transmission from humans other animals, marking it as strongly host generalist virus. Unless lessons are learned, inevitable that more events leading epidemics pandemics will plague populations.

Language: Английский

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Genetic tracing of market wildlife and viruses at the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic

Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187(19), P. 5468 - 5482.e11

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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