A chemogenetic screen reveals that Trpv1-expressing neurons control regulatory T cells in the gut

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 385(6708)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Neuroimmune cross-talk participates in intestinal tissue homeostasis and host defense. However, the matrix of interactions between arrays molecularly defined neuron subsets immunocyte lineages remains unclear. We used a chemogenetic approach to activate eight distinct neuronal subsets, assessing effects by deep immunophenotyping, microbiome profiling, transcriptomics organs. Distinct immune perturbations followed activation: Nitrergic neurons regulated T helper 17 (T

Language: Английский

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Immune Dysregulation in Obesity

Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 483 - 509

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

The immune system plays fundamental roles in maintaining physiological homeostasis. With the increasing prevalence of obesity-a state characterized by chronic inflammation and systemic dyshomeostasis-there is growing scientific clinical interest understanding how obesity reshapes function. In this review, we propose that not merely an altered metabolic but also a fundamentally immunological state. We summarize key seminal recent findings elucidate influences function, spanning its classical role microbial defense, contribution to maladaptive inflammatory diseases such as asthma, impact on antitumor immunity. explore modulates function within tissue parenchyma, with particular focus T cells adipose tissue. Finally, consider areas for future research, including investigation durable aspects even after weight loss, those observed glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist treatment. Altogether, review emphasizes critical metabolism shaping cell functions, profound implications homeostasis across various contexts.

Language: Английский

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Long-distance microbial mechanisms impacting cancer immunosurveillance

Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 57(9), P. 2013 - 2029

Published: Aug. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Immune cell trafficking: a novel perspective on the gut-skin axis

Inflammation and Regeneration, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(1)

Published: April 24, 2024

Abstract Immune cell trafficking, an essential mechanism for maintaining immunological homeostasis and mounting effective responses to infections, operates under a stringent regulatory framework. Recent advances have shed light on the perturbation of migration patterns, highlighting how such disturbances can propagate inflammatory diseases from their origin distal organs. This review collates discusses current evidence that demonstrates atypical communication between gut skin, which are conventionally viewed as distinct spheres, in milieu inflammation. We focus aberrant, reciprocal translocation immune cells along gut-skin axis pivotal factor linking intestinal dermatological conditions. Recognizing translation these findings into clinical practices is nascent, we suggest therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating may offer substantial benefits mitigating widespread impact diseases.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota contributes to the intestinal and extraintestinal immune homeostasis by balancing Th17/Treg cells

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 143, P. 113570 - 113570

Published: Nov. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Diversity as a Plant Breeding Objective

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 550 - 550

Published: March 8, 2024

This review paper addresses the importance of increasing agrobiodiversity to cope with climate change and, at same time, providing a sufficient amount healthy food. is in agreement messages from ecology and medicine indicating advantages biodiversity general particular for planet our health. Plant breeding considered be one causes decline agrobiodiversity, therefore, this illustrates alternatives commonly used approach based on centralized selection. The first alternative decentralized participatory breeding, which adapts crops both different agronomic environments client preferences, representing an “option by context” model research. second evolutionary more dynamic strategy than plant because it merges decentralization ability mixtures populations biotic abiotic stresses evolve, thus adapting associated changes spectrum pests. A crop capable evolving as environment around evolves appears most ideal way responding agricultural biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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The impact of the human gut microbiome on the treatment of autoimmune disease

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 325(1), P. 107 - 130

Published: June 12, 2024

Autoimmune (or rheumatic) diseases are increasing in prevalence but selecting the best therapy for each patient proceeds trial-and-error fashion. This strategy can lead to ineffective resulting irreversible damage and suffering; thus, there is a need bring promise of precision medicine patients with autoimmune disease. While host factors partially determine therapeutic response immunosuppressive drugs, these not routinely used tailor therapy. Thus, non-host likely contribute. Here, we consider impact human gut microbiome treatment autoimmunity. We propose that be manipulated improve derive greater benefit from existing therapies. focus on mechanisms by which impacts response, provide framework interrogate mechanisms, review case study widely-used anti-rheumatic drug, discuss challenges studying multiple complex systems: microbiome, immune system, open questions remain field speculate future drug-microbiome-autoimmune disease interactions. Finally, present blue-sky vision how rheumatic

Language: Английский

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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Promotes Effector CD4+ T Cell Homeostasis and Restrains Salt-sensitive Hypertension

Function, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Abstract Excess dietary salt and salt-sensitivity contribute to cardiovascular disease. Distinct T cell phenotypic responses high hypertension as well influences from environmental cues are not understood. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is activated by ligands, promoting systemic homeostasis. We hypothesized that activating AhR supports CD4+ homeostatic functions, such cytokine production mobilization, in response intake while mitigating salt-sensitive hypertension. In the intestinal mucosa, we demonstrate a diet (HSD) key driving factor, independent of hypertension, diminishing interleukin 17A (IL-17A) (Th17) cells without disrupting circulating cytokines associated with Th17 function. Previous studies suggest hypertensive patients individuals on deficient ligands or agonistic metabolites. found augments during experimental Further, vitro contributes sustaining setting excess salt. Using photoconvertible Kikume GreenRed mice, also revealed HSD drives mobilization. Next, mobilization markers, validating HSD-driven migration. Also, mitigates HSD-induced migration markers. telemetry model salt-sensitivity, prevents development Collectively, stimulating through facilitates immunologic functions amid restrains

Language: Английский

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Hypoxia-related immune subsets induced by Salmonella Typhi infection link early bacterial gut invasion to human infection outcomes

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Abstract Salmonella Typhi ( S. Typhi), the causative agent of typhoid disease, remains a major public health concern. Owing to human-restricted nature S . Typhi, current studies pathogenesis in animal models are limited murine non-typhoidal pathogen. Furthermore, human analyses peripheral immune responses which blind tissue-specific immunity and do not allow perturbations. What is now needed an integrative approach that will provide mechanistic insights into correlates infection outcome. Here, we performed integrated single-cell analysis from challenge model mouse associate biological mechanism with Most prominent, revealed subsets hypoxia-related signature circulating cells individuals develop disease model. This was also evident activated macrophages infiltrating Peyer’s patches, but during mutant strain impaired for gut invasion. We further identified as general correlate outcome other infection- inflammatory-related diseases. Collectively, using models, link bacterial invasion increased risk developing humans, suggesting possible role development disease.

Language: Английский

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Methyl 3-Bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate Attenuates Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Regulating TLR/NF-κB Pathways

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 47 - 47

Published: Jan. 19, 2025

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by uncontrolled, chronic relapsing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and has become a global healthcare problem. Here, we aimed to illustrate anti-inflammatory activity underlying mechanism of methyl 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate (MBD), compound derived from marine organisms, especially IBD, using zebrafish model. The results indicated that MBD could inhibit inflammatory responses induced CuSO4, tail amputation LPS zebrafish. Furthermore, notably inhibited intestinal migration immune cells, enhanced integrity gut mucosal barrier improved peristalsis function IBD model trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS). In addition, ROS elevation TNBS. Network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, transcriptomics sequencing RT-PCR were conducted investigate potential mechanism. showed regulate TLR/NF-κB pathways inhibiting mRNA expression TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1, IL-1β, IL6, AP1, IFNγ, IKKβ, MyD88, STAT3, TRAF1, TRAF6, NLRP3, NOD2, TLR3 TLR4, promoting IL4, IκBα Bcl-2. conclusion, these findings indicate be candidate for treatment IBD.

Language: Английский

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