Trends in Cell Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
34(7), P. 547 - 565
Published: Oct. 26, 2023
Astrocytes
are
predominant
glial
cells
that
tile
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
A
cardinal
feature
of
astrocytes
is
their
complex
and
visually
enchanting
morphology,
referred
to
as
bushy,
spongy,
star-like.
precept
this
review
such
morphological
shapes
evolved
allow
contact
signal
with
diverse
at
a
range
distances
in
order
sample,
regulate,
contribute
extracellular
milieu,
thus
participate
widely
cell–cell
signaling
during
physiology
disease.
The
recent
use
improved
imaging
methods
cell-specific
molecular
evaluations
has
revealed
new
information
on
structural
organization
underpinnings
astrocyte
mechanisms
morphogenesis,
contributions
disease
states
reduced
morphology.
These
insights
have
reignited
interest
complexity
cornerstone
fundamental
biology
critical
substrate
for
multicellular
spatial
physiological
interactions
CNS.
Trends in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
41(9), P. 758 - 770
Published: Aug. 17, 2020
Astrocytes
are
neural
parenchymal
cells
that
ubiquitously
tile
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
In
addition
to
playing
essential
roles
in
healthy
tissue,
astrocytes
exhibit
an
evolutionarily
ancient
response
all
CNS
insults,
referred
as
astrocyte
reactivity.
Long
regarded
passive
and
homogeneous,
reactivity
is
being
revealed
a
heterogeneous
functionally
powerful
component
of
mammalian
innate
immunity.
Nevertheless,
concepts
about
what
comprises
it
does
incomplete
sometimes
controversial.
This
review
discusses
goal
differentiating
reactive
subtypes
states
based
on
composite
pictures
molecular
expression,
cell
morphology,
cellular
interactions,
proliferative
state,
normal
functions,
disease-induced
dysfunctions.
A
working
model
conceptual
framework
presented
for
characterizing
diversity
Acta Neuropathologica Communications,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: Feb. 18, 2020
Huntington
Disease
(HD)
is
an
inherited
movement
disorder
caused
by
expanded
CAG
repeats
in
the
Huntingtin
gene.
We
have
used
single
nucleus
RNASeq
(snRNASeq)
to
uncover
cellular
phenotypes
that
change
disease,
investigating
cell
gene
expression
cingulate
cortex
of
patients
with
HD
and
comparing
no
neurological
disease.
In
this
study,
we
focused
on
astrocytes,
although
found
significant
differences
neurons,
oligodendrocytes,
microglia
as
well.
particular,
profiles
astrocytes
showed
multiple
signatures,
varying
phenotype
from
cells
had
markedly
upregulated
metallothionein
heat
shock
genes,
but
not
completely
lost
genes
associated
normal
protoplasmic
substantially
glial
fibrillary
acidic
protein
(GFAP)
many
astrocyte
well
genes.
When
compared
control
samples,
signatures
also
downregulated
a
number
including
several
function
lipid
synthesis.
Thus,
appeared
variable
transcriptional
phenotypes,
could
be
divided
into
different
"states",
defined
patterns
expression.
Ultimately,
study
begins
fill
knowledge
gap
provide
more
detailed
understanding
variation
changes
during
"reactions"
