Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
376(6600), P. 1441 - 1446
Published: May 19, 2022
Progenitors
of
the
developing
human
neocortex
reside
in
ventricular
and
outer
subventricular
zones
(VZ
OSVZ,
respectively).
However,
whether
cells
derived
from
these
niches
have
similar
developmental
fates
is
unknown.
By
performing
fate
mapping
primary
tissue,
we
demonstrate
that
astrocytes
populate
anatomically
distinct
layers.
Cortical
plate
emerge
VZ
progenitors
proliferate
locally,
while
putative
white
matter
are
morphologically
heterogeneous
both
OSVZ
progenitors.
Furthermore,
via
single-cell
sequencing
defined
astrocyte
subtypes
using
Patch-seq,
identify
molecular
distinctions
between
VZ-derived
cortical
OSVZ-derived
persist
into
adulthood.
Together,
our
study
highlights
a
complex
role
for
cell
lineage
diversification
neocortical
astrocytes.
Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
378(6619)
Published: Nov. 3, 2022
Astrocytes,
a
type
of
glia,
are
abundant
and
morphologically
complex
cells.
Here,
we
report
astrocyte
molecular
profiles,
diversity,
morphology
across
the
mouse
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
We
identified
shared
region-specific
astrocytic
genes
functions
explored
cellular
origins
their
regional
diversity.
gene
networks
correlated
with
morphology,
several
which
unexpectedly
contained
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
risk
genes.
CRISPR/Cas9–mediated
reduction
candidate
reduced
morphological
complexity
resulted
in
cognitive
deficits.
The
same
were
down-regulated
human
AD,
an
AD
model
that
displayed
other
brain
disorders.
thus
provide
comprehensive
data
on
diversity
mechanisms
CNS
basis
health
disease.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Feb. 16, 2024
Abstract
The
human
gastrointestinal
tract
is
populated
with
a
diverse
microbial
community.
vast
genetic
and
metabolic
potential
of
the
gut
microbiome
underpins
its
ubiquity
in
nearly
every
aspect
biology,
including
health
maintenance,
development,
aging,
disease.
advent
new
sequencing
technologies
culture-independent
methods
has
allowed
researchers
to
move
beyond
correlative
studies
toward
mechanistic
explorations
shed
light
on
microbiome–host
interactions.
Evidence
unveiled
bidirectional
communication
between
central
nervous
system,
referred
as
“microbiota–gut–brain
axis”.
microbiota–gut–brain
axis
represents
an
important
regulator
glial
functions,
making
it
actionable
target
ameliorate
development
progression
neurodegenerative
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
mechanisms
As
provides
essential
cues
microglia,
astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes,
examine
communications
microbiota
these
cells
during
healthy
states
Subsequently,
diseases
using
metabolite-centric
approach,
while
also
examining
role
microbiota-related
neurotransmitters
hormones.
Next,
targeting
intestinal
barrier,
blood–brain
meninges,
peripheral
immune
system
counteract
dysfunction
neurodegeneration.
Finally,
conclude
by
assessing
pre-clinical
clinical
evidence
probiotics,
prebiotics,
fecal
transplantation
A
thorough
comprehension
will
foster
effective
therapeutic
interventions
for
management
Science Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(721)
Published: Nov. 8, 2023
Astrocytes
are
abundant
glial
cells
in
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
that
play
active
roles
health
and
disease.
Recent
technologies
have
uncovered
functional
heterogeneity
of
astrocytes
their
extensive
interactions
with
other
cell
types
CNS.
In
this
Review,
we
highlight
intricate
between
astrocytes,
CNS-resident
cells,
CNS-infiltrating
as
well
potential
therapeutic
value
context
inflammation
neurodegeneration.
Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
379(6636), P. 1023 - 1030
Published: March 10, 2023
Cell-cell
interactions
in
the
central
nervous
system
play
important
roles
neurologic
diseases.
However,
little
is
known
about
specific
molecular
pathways
involved,
and
methods
for
their
systematic
identification
are
limited.
Here,
we
developed
a
forward
genetic
screening
platform
that
combines
CRISPR-Cas9
perturbations,
cell
coculture
picoliter
droplets,
microfluidic-based
fluorescence-activated
droplet
sorting
to
identify
mechanisms
of
cell-cell
communication.
We
used
SPEAC-seq
(systematic
perturbation
encapsulated
associated
cells
followed
by
sequencing),
combination
with
vivo
microglia-produced
amphiregulin
as
suppressor
disease-promoting
astrocyte
responses
multiple
sclerosis
preclinical
models
clinical
samples.
Thus,
enables
high-throughput
communication
mechanisms.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
616(7958), P. 764 - 773
Published: April 12, 2023
Astrocytes
and
neurons
extensively
interact
in
the
brain.
Identifying
astrocyte
neuron
proteomes
is
essential
for
elucidating
protein
networks
that
dictate
their
respective
contributions
to
physiology
disease.
Here
we
used
cell-specific
subcompartment-specific
proximity-dependent
biotinylation1
study
of
striatal
astrocytes
vivo.
We
evaluated
cytosolic
plasma
membrane
compartments
discover
how
these
cells
differ
at
level
signalling
machinery.
also
assessed
subcellular
astrocytes,
including
end
feet
fine
processes,
reveal
subproteomes
molecular
basis
homeostatic
functions.
Notably,
SAPAP3
(encoded
by
Dlgap3),
which
associated
with
obsessive-compulsive
disorder
(OCD)
repetitive
behaviours2-8,
was
detected
high
levels
enriched
within
specific
subcompartments
where
it
regulated
actin
cytoskeleton
organization.
Furthermore,
genetic
rescue
experiments
combined
behavioural
analyses
assessments
a
mouse
model
OCD4
lacking
revealed
distinct
astrocytic
neuronal
anxiety-related
OCD-like
phenotypes.
Our
data
define
major
pathways.
Moreover,
they
vary
between
physiological
both
mechanisms
contribute
OCD
phenotypes
mice.
indicate
therapeutic
strategies
target
may
be
useful
explore
potentially
other
brain
disorders.
Trends in Cell Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
34(7), P. 547 - 565
Published: Oct. 26, 2023
Astrocytes
are
predominant
glial
cells
that
tile
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
A
cardinal
feature
of
astrocytes
is
their
complex
and
visually
enchanting
morphology,
referred
to
as
bushy,
spongy,
star-like.
precept
this
review
such
morphological
shapes
evolved
allow
contact
signal
with
diverse
at
a
range
distances
in
order
sample,
regulate,
contribute
extracellular
milieu,
thus
participate
widely
cell–cell
signaling
during
physiology
disease.
The
recent
use
improved
imaging
methods
cell-specific
molecular
evaluations
has
revealed
new
information
on
structural
organization
underpinnings
astrocyte
mechanisms
morphogenesis,
contributions
disease
states
reduced
morphology.
These
insights
have
reignited
interest
complexity
cornerstone
fundamental
biology
critical
substrate
for
multicellular
spatial
physiological
interactions
CNS.