Microbiota in health and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 23, 2022

Abstract The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, skin microbiota. microbial communities are symbiosis with host, contributing to homeostasis regulating immune function. However, dysbiosis lead dysregulation bodily functions including cardiovascular (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, etc. In this review, we discuss current knowledge how links host or pathogenesis. We first summarize research healthy conditions, gut-brain axis, colonization resistance modulation. Then, highlight pathogenesis disease development progression, primarily associated community composition, modulation response, induction chronic inflammation. Finally, introduce clinical approaches that utilize for treatment, such as fecal transplantation.

Language: Английский

---

Role of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 102590 - 102590

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

A substantial body of literature has provided evidence for the role gut microbiota in metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes. However, reports vary regarding association particular taxonomic groups with disease. In this systematic review, we focused on potential different bacterial taxa affecting We have summarized from 42 human studies reporting microbial associations disease, and identified supporting preclinical or clinical trials using treatments probiotics. Among commonly reported findings, genera Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia Roseburia were negatively associated T2D, while Ruminococcus, Fusobacterium, Blautia positively T2D. also discussed molecular mechanisms effects onset progression

Language: Английский

---

Blautia—a new functional genus with potential probiotic properties?

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Blautia is a genus of anaerobic bacteria with probiotic characteristics that occur widely in the feces and intestines mammals. Based on phenotypic phylogenetic analyses, some species genera Clostridium Ruminococcus have been reclassified as Blautia, so to date, there are 20 new valid published names this genus. An extensive body research has recently focused effects genus, such biological transformation its ability regulate host health alleviate metabolic syndrome. This article reviews origin factors affect abundance discusses role health, thus laying theoretical foundation for development functional microorganisms properties.

Language: Английский

---

Understanding the glucoregulatory mechanisms of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 569 - 589

Published: Aug. 22, 2019

Language: Английский

---

Effects of dietary fat on gut microbiota and faecal metabolites, and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors: a 6-month randomised controlled-feeding trial

Gut, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 68(8), P. 1417 - 1429

Published: Feb. 19, 2019

Objective To investigate whether diets differing in fat content alter the gut microbiota and faecal metabolomic profiles, to determine their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors healthy adults whose diet is a transition from traditional low-fat high reduced carbohydrate. Methods In 6-month randomised controlled-feeding trial, 217 young (aged 18–35 years; body mass index <28 kg/m 2 ; 52% women) who completed whole trial were included. All foods provided during intervention period. The three isocaloric were: lower-fat (fat 20% energy), moderate-fat 30% energy) higher-fat 40% energy). effects of dietary interventions on microbiota, metabolomics plasma inflammatory investigated. Results was associated increased α-diversity assessed by Shannon (p=0.03), abundance Blautia (p=0.007) Faecalibacterium (p=0.04), whereas Alistipes Bacteroides (p<0.001) decreased (p=0.04). concentration total short-chain fatty acids significantly group comparison other groups (p<0.001). cometabolites p-cresol indole, known be host metabolic disorders, group. addition, enrichment arachidonic acid lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway as well elevated proinflammatory after intervention. Conclusion Higher-fat consumption state nutrition appeared unfavourable changes profiles proinflammatory factors, which might confer adverse consequences for long-term health outcomes. Trial registration number NCT02355795 Results.

Language: Английский

---

Precision Microbiome Modulation with Discrete Dietary Fiber Structures Directs Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 389 - 404.e6

Published: Jan. 30, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Clostridium species as probiotics: potentials and challenges

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2020

Abstract Clostridium species, as a predominant cluster of commensal bacteria in our gut, exert lots salutary effects on intestinal homeostasis. Up to now, species have been reported attenuate inflammation and allergic diseases effectively owing their distinctive biological activities. Their cellular components metabolites, like butyrate, secondary bile acids indolepropionic acid, play probiotic role primarily through energizing epithelial cells, strengthening barrier interacting with immune system. In turn, diets physical state body can shape unique pattern gut. view performances, huge potential probiotics. However, there are still some nonnegligible risks challenges approaching application them. Given this, this review summarized the researches involved benefits health, order develop novel probiotics for human health animal production.

Language: Английский

---

Gut microbiota, a new frontier to understand traditional Chinese medicines

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 142, P. 176 - 191

Published: Feb. 25, 2019

Language: Английский

---

Depletion of Blautia Species in the Microbiota of Obese Children Relates to Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Phenotype Worsening

mSystems, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(2)

Published: March 24, 2020

Cross-sectional studies conducted with obese and control subjects have suggested associations between gut microbiota alterations obesity, but the links specific disease phenotypes proofs of causality are still scarce. The present study aimed to profile lean children without insulin resistance characterize obesity-related complications understand role played in metabolic inflammation. Through massive sequencing 16S rRNA gene amplicons data analysis using a novel permutation approach, we detected decreased incidence Blautia species, especially luti B. wexlerae, children, which was even more pronounced cases both obesity resistance. There also parallel increase proinflammatory cytokines chemokines (gamma interferon [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1]) feces compared those ones. wexlerae were shown exert an anti-inflammatory effect peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures vitro, non-obesity-associated species. We suggest that depletion species ecosystem may occur contribute inflammation leading resistance.IMPORTANCE Child constitutes risk for developing which, if sustained, could lead severe conditions like type 2 diabetes (T2D) adulthood. Our identified previously unknown whose (Blautia wexlerae) is associated individuals. results indicate these bacterial might help reduce causally linked complications. Childhood considered window opportunity tackle obesity. These new findings provide, therefore, valuable information future design microbiota-based strategies early prevention

Language: Английский

---

Oral administration of Blautia wexlerae ameliorates obesity and type 2 diabetes via metabolic remodeling of the gut microbiota

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Aug. 18, 2022

Abstract The gut microbiome is an important determinant in various diseases. Here we perform a cross-sectional study of Japanese adults and identify the Blautia genus, especially B. wexlerae , as commensal bacterium that inversely correlated with obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oral administration to mice induce metabolic changes anti-inflammatory effects decrease both high-fat diet–induced diabetes. beneficial are unique amino-acid metabolism produce S-adenosylmethionine, acetylcholine, l -ornithine carbohydrate resulting accumulation amylopectin production succinate, lactate, acetate, simultaneous modification bacterial composition. These findings reveal regulatory pathways host microbial may provide novel strategies preventive therapeutic approaches for disorders.

Language: Английский

---