IS 26 and the IS 26 family: versatile resistance gene movers and genome reorganizers

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 88(2)

Published: March 4, 2024

In Gram-negative bacteria, the insertion sequence IS

Language: Английский

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Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates with features of both multidrug-resistance and hypervirulence have unexpectedly low virulence

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Dec. 2, 2023

Abstract Klebsiella pneumoniae has been classified into two types, classical K. (cKP) and hypervirulent (hvKP). cKP isolates are highly diverse important causes of nosocomial infections; they include globally disseminated antibiotic-resistant clones. hvKP sensitive to most antibiotics but virulent, causing community-acquired infections in healthy individuals. The virulence phenotype is associated with pathogenicity loci responsible for siderophore hypermucoid capsule production. Recently, convergent strains , which possess features both hvKP, have emerged cause much concern. Here, we screen the genomes 2,608 multidrug-resistant from United States identify 47 isolates. We perform phenotypic genomic characterization 12 representative These contain a variety antimicrobial resistance plasmids plasmids. Most aerobactin biosynthesis genes produce more siderophores than not capsule. Unexpectedly, only 1 tested level consistent murine pneumonia model. findings suggest that additional studies should be performed clarify whether indeed virulent mouse human infections.

Language: Английский

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Insight into the Mechanisms of Carbapenem Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Study on IS26 Integrons, Beta-Lactamases, Porin Modifications, and Plasmidome Analysis

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 749 - 749

Published: April 13, 2023

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a significant threat to public health. In this study, we aimed investigate the distribution and genetic diversity plasmids carrying beta-lactamase resistance determinants in collection K. blood isolates. Blood isolates bacteremia were collected identified. Whole-genome sequencing, assembly analysis performed for prediction antimicrobial determinants. Plasmidome was also performed. Our plasmidome revealed two major plasmid groups, IncFII/IncR IncC, as key players dissemination carbapenem among pneumoniae. Notably, within same group exhibited conservation encapsulated genes, suggesting that these groups may serve conservative carriers Additionally, investigated evolution expansion IS26 integrons using long-read sequencing. findings structure, which have contributed development strains. indicate IncC are associated with endemic occurrence pneumoniae, highlighting need targeted interventions control its spread. Although our study focuses on presence it is important note indeed global problem, cases reported multiple regions worldwide. Further research necessary better understand factors driving worldwide develop effective strategies prevention control.

Language: Английский

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High-level ceftazidime/avibactam resistance inEscherichia coliconferred by the novel plasmid-mediated β-lactamase CMY-185 variant

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 78(10), P. 2442 - 2450

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Abstract Objectives To characterize a blaCMY variant associated with ceftazidime/avibactam resistance from serially collected Escherichia coli isolate. Methods A patient an intra-abdominal infection due to recurrent E. was treated ceftazidime/avibactam. On Day 48 of therapy, MIC >256 mg/L identified abdominal drainage. Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies WGS performed on serial isolates identify potential mechanisms. Site-directed mutants CMY β-lactamase were constructed amino acid residues responsible for resistance. Results revealed that all three ST410. The ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant strain uniquely acquired novel gene, herein called blaCMY-185, harboured IncI-γ/K1 conjugative plasmid. CMY-185 enzyme possessed four substitutions relative CMY-2, including A114E, Q120K, V211S N346Y, conferred high-level 32 mg/L. Single CMY-2 did not confer reduced susceptibility. However, double triple containing N346Y previously in other AmpC enzymes, MICs ranging between 4 as well susceptibility the newly developed cephalosporin, cefiderocol. Molecular modelling suggested substitution confers reduction avibactam inhibition steric hindrance side chain Y346 sulphate group avibactam. Conclusions We variant. Unlike appears require additional top

Language: Английский

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Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamases-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from a Greek Food Testing Laboratory

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 329 - 329

Published: March 21, 2025

Background/Objectives: Over the past decade, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli have emerged as a significant public health concern due to their potential spread beyond clinical settings and healthy carriers, in various environments, including animal source foods. This study seeks investigate molecular characteristics of ESBL-producing E. strains isolated from food origin, with focus on chromosomal typing, plasmid description associated resistance genes’ genetic environment. Methods: Ninety-seven origin samples were tested for isolates resistant cefotaxime. The resulting then subjected antimicrobial susceptibility testing PCR analysis detect genes. Additional assays, encompassing mating-out procedures, typing utilizing Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, Multilocus Sequence Typing Analysis, Oxford Nanopore Technology Lite whole sequencing, also conducted. Results: was detected 26 raw specimens, generating percentage 27%. Fourteen current (14%) third generation cephalosporins, producing CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, SHV-12 beta-lactamases. respective genes accompanied by Insertion Sequences ISEcp1 IS26, facilitating transfer. Among plasmids harboring ESBL genes, representatives belonging incI1 incompatibility group prevailed (5/8), followed IncY IncX3. Most proved conjugative. Diversity fingerprints revealed. Conclusions: To best our knowledge, this is first describe ESBLs sourced foods Greece. prevalence confined collection primarily very successful IncI1 plasmids, which not linked specific background. lack association confirms that horizontal transfer plays more role than clonal dissemination ESBL-mediated cephalosporin resistance.

Language: Английский

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The Presence of an ESBL-Encoding Plasmid Reported During a Klebsiella pneumoniae Nosocomial Outbreak in the United Kingdom

Microbiology Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 90 - 90

Published: April 25, 2025

An EBSL-encoding plasmid, pESBL-PH, was identified during a nosocomial outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST628 at United Kingdom general district hospital in 2018. The plasmid from the earliest 2018 K. strain discovered assembled using both Oxford nanopore long reads and illumina short reads, yielding fully closed pESBL-PH-2018. pESBL-PH-2018 queried against complete NCBI RefSeq Plasmid Database, comprising 93,823 plasmids, which downloaded on 16 July 2024. To identify structurally similar strict thresholds were applied, including mash similarity ≥0.98. This returned 61 plasmids belonging to 13 unique sequence types (STs) hosts. detected countries, dating 2012 2023. AMR region varied. Interestingly IS26-mediated tandem amplification resistance genes, ESBL gene blaCTX-M-15 two independent strains, raising their copy number three. Furthermore, genomic background strains carrying pESBL-PH-2018-like analyzed, revealing truncation chromosomal ompK36 porin carbapenem carriage accessory 17.85% 26.78% with chromosome available. analysis reveals widespread dissemination an ESBL-encoding resistance-encoding requiring active surveillance.

Language: Английский

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Epidemiological Characteristics and Carbapenemase Analysis of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Isolates in a Teaching Hospital in Guangzhou, China

Infection and Drug Resistance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 2105 - 2117

Published: April 1, 2025

In this study, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) were isolated from a teaching hospital in Guangzhou between January 2020 and March 2023, meticulously examining the antimicrobial resistance patterns, carbapenemase types, epidemiological characteristics of these strains. This comprehensive analysis serves as an invaluable insight for optimizing CRE treatment strategies clinical practitioners implementing robust measures to prevent control nosocomial infections within healthcare settings. The susceptibility testing aimed ascertain carbapenem Enterobacterales, while production was assessed through rapid phenotypic identification by immunochromatographic assay (KPC, NDM, VIM, IMP, OXA-48-like) confirmed PCR. Among 300 strains collected Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kpn) accounted 72.7%, Escherichia coli (CR-Eco) 12.3%, Enterobacter cloacae (CR-Ecl) 8.3%, aerogenes (CR-Eae) 2.3%, Citrobacter freundii (CR-Cfr) 2.0%, others 2.3%. five blaKPC-like ranked first accounting 66.7%, followed blaNDM-like (23.0%), blaOXA-48-like (0.7%), blaIMP-like which six plus detected simultaneously. Although predominated adults elderly, more common children. These showed high most antibiotics; however, they sensitivity tigecycline colistin. exhibited rate multiple antibacterial drugs, widely prevalent strains, particularly K. pneumoniae. Clinical attention should be paid rational use monitoring infection prevention continuously strengthened.

Language: Английский

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Hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens: Understanding epidemiology, resistance patterns, and implications with COVID-19

F1000Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. 92 - 92

Published: March 25, 2024

The ongoing spread of antimicrobial resistance has complicated the treatment bacterial hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated (VAP). Gram-negative pathogens, especially those with multidrug-resistant profiles, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter are important culprits in this type infections. Understanding determinants pathogens causing is ultimately stressing, shadows COVID-19 pandemic, when lung infections considered a top priority that become urgent to revise. Globally, increasing prevalence these respiratory samples represents significant infection challenge, major limitations options poor clinical outcomes. This review will focus on epidemiology HAP VAP present roles patterns implicated (MDR) like carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), Enterobacterales (CRE), as well colistin-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales. While emerging from perspectives conclusions drawn findings caused by MDR bacteria patients COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Carbapenemase genes distribution in clonal lineages of Acinetobacter baumannii: a comprehensive study on plasmids and chromosomes

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Background The global spread of plasmids carrying carbapenemase genes within carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) strains poses a worldwide public health issue. In this study, we conducted comprehensive genetic analysis and chromosomes harboring the major ( bla NDM , KPC VIM IMP GES OXA-58 -like, OXA-24/40 OXA-143 OXA-23 -like) in CRAB using bioinformatic tools. Methods We retrieved from GenBank. size, replicon type, conjugal apparatus were also determined. Furthermore, allele types, co-existence other antimicrobial resistance alongside carbapenemases or chromosomes, co-occurrence genes, gene repetition, sequence types (ST) whole genomes characterized. Results database contained 113 38 genes. This investigation revealed that -like predominant both chromosomes. Nine (7.96%) with NDM-1 potentially conjugative. most common R3-T1, R3-T8, R3-T2, R3-T23, RP-T1. possessed highest variety antibiotic dual was identified 12 19 Carbapenemase repetitions 10 one chromosome. Circular alignment more homogeneous. However, there heterogeneity certain regions these plasmids. According to minimum spanning tree (MST) results, majority belonged ST2 Pas ST1 ST422 ST622 ST85 . Conclusion A. appears have strong ability for genome plasticity incorporate on its develop against carbapenems. Mobilizable significantly contribute dissemination structure associations class I integrons, IS Aba structures, Tn 4401 elements, aac (6′)-Ib carbapenemases. repetition may be associated heteroresistance.

Language: Английский

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Plasmid-encoded gene duplications of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in clinical bacterial isolates

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Introduction The emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is an urgent and alarming One Health problem. This study aimed to investigate duplications plasmid-encoded ESBL genes their impact on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes in clinical screening isolates. Methods Multi-drug-resistant bacteria from hospitalized patients were collected during routine surveillance January 2022 June 2023, susceptibility patterns determined. Genotypes extracted long-read whole-genome sequencing data. Furthermore, plasmids other mobile genetic elements associated with characterized, the correlated ceftazidime minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results In total, we identified four cases gene that match genetically similar 18-month period: five Escherichia coli three Klebsiella pneumoniae As part transposable elements, surrounding sequence regions duplicated as well. In-depth analysis revealed insertion (IS)-mediated transposition mechanisms. Isolates exhibited a higher MIC for comparison isolates single copy (3–256 vs. 1.5–32 mg/L, respectively). Conclusion led increased phenotypic against ceftazidime. Our data suggest by IS-mediated are relevant mechanism how AMR develops setting microevolution plasmids.

Language: Английский

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