Orchestration of MUC2 — The key regulatory target of gut barrier and homeostasis: A review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 236, P. 123862 - 123862

Published: March 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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Lactate in contemporary biology: a phoenix risen

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 600(5), P. 1229 - 1251

Published: Feb. 10, 2021

Abstract After a century, it's time to turn the page on understanding of lactate metabolism and appreciate that shuttling is an important component intermediary in vivo . Cell‐cell intracellular shuttles fulfil purposes energy substrate production distribution, as well cell signalling under fully aerobic conditions. Recognition came first studies physical exercise where roles driver (producer) recipient (consumer) cells tissues were obvious. Moreover, presence part postprandial glucose disposal satiety has been recognized. Mitochondrial respiration creates physiological sink for Repeated exposure from regular results adaptive processes such mitochondrial biogenesis other healthful circulatory neurological characteristics improved work capacity, metabolic flexibility, learning, memory. The importance living further emphasized when are dysregulated occurs particular illnesses injuries. Like phoenix, risen major 21st century biology. image

Language: Английский

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Antitumor effects of fecal microbiota transplantation: Implications for microbiome modulation in cancer treatment

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors is one of the techniques for restoration dysbiotic gut, which increasingly being used to treat various diseases. Notably, mounting evidence in recent years revealed that FMT has made a breakthrough oncology treatment area, especially by improving immunotherapy efficacy achieve antitumor effects. However, mechanism enhancing effects immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) not yet been fully elucidated. This review systematically summarizes role microbes and their metabolites regulation tumor immunity. We highlight action refractory tumors as well immunotherapy. Furthermore, we summarize ongoing clinical trials combining with further focus on refined protocols practice cancer treatment, could guide future directions priorities scientific development.

Language: Английский

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Effects of exercise intensity on gut microbiome composition and function in people with type 2 diabetes

European Journal of Sport Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 530 - 541

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

Exercise is positively associated with higher microbial diversity, but there limited information on exercise intensity's effect gut microbiome composition and function in clinical populations. This study examines whether different intensities of exert differential effects low active people type 2 diabetes. a sub-study the for Type Diabetes Study, single centre, prospective, randomised controlled trial. Participants (n = 12) completed 8-weeks combined aerobic resistance moderate intensity continuous training (C-MICT) or high-intensity interval (C-HIIT). Faecal samples were collected before after intervention to measure metabolic pathways (metagenome shotgun sequencing) short-chain fatty acids. Post-exercise α-diversity was between groups as relative abundance specific taxa (p < .05). Bifidobacterium, A. municiphila, butyrate-producers Lachnospira eligens, Enterococcus spp., Clostridium Cluster IV at lower intensity. Other (from Eryspelothrichales Oscillospirales), methane producer Methanobrevibacter smithii Pyruvate metabolism (ko00620),COG "Cell wall membrane envelope biogenesis" "Unknown function" significantly C-MICT post-exercise. Differential analysis KO showed expression Two-component system C-HIIT. Transcription factors "unknown metabolism" related decreased both groups. There no significant group changes faecal short chain had distinct function, without impacting acid output.HighlightsEvidence outcomes healthy athletic populationsIn diabetes, increased health promoting butyrate producers species, differentially abundant pathways.Further investigation warranted, if this supports present findings, then may be promoted target species optimise health.

Language: Английский

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Short-chain fatty acids promote the effect of environmental signals on the gut microbiome and metabolome in mice

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: May 31, 2022

Abstract Gut microorganisms and the products of their metabolism thoroughly affect host brain development, function behavior. Since alterations plasticity cognition have been demonstrated upon motor, sensorial social enrichment housing conditions, we hypothesized that gut microbiota metabolome could be altered by environmental stimuli, providing part missing link among signals effects. In this preliminary study, metagenomic metabolomic analyses mice housed in different standard enriched, identify environment-specific microbial communities metabolic profiles. We show an enriched environment distinctive composition with a reduction bacterial richness biodiversity are characterized fingerprint increase formate acetate decrease bile salts. demonstrate treated mixture recapitulate some effects modulated enrichment, such as hippocampal neurogenesis, neurotrophin production, short-term cognitive behaviors, can further exploited to decipher mechanisms involved experience-dependent plasticity.

Language: Английский

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Major Depressive Disorder and Gut Microbiota: Role of Physical Exercise

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(23), P. 16870 - 16870

Published: Nov. 28, 2023

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a high prevalence and is major contributor to the global burden of disease. This psychiatric results from complex interaction between environmental genetic factors. In recent years, role gut microbiota in brain health received particular attention, compelling evidence shown that patients suffering depression have dysbiosis. Several studies reported dysbiosis-induced inflammation may cause and/or contribute development through dysregulation gut-brain axis. Indeed, as consequence dysbiosis, neuroinflammatory alterations caused by microglial activation together with impairments neuroplasticity symptoms. The modulation been recognized potential therapeutic strategy for management MMD. this regard, physical exercise positively change composition diversity, can underlie, at least part, its antidepressant effects. Given this, present review will explore relationship exercise, depression, an emphasis on non-invasive modulating and, regulating axis alleviating MDD-related

Language: Английский

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Microbiota–gut–brain axis: the mediator of exercise and brain health

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract The brain controls the nerve system, allowing complex emotional and cognitive activities. microbiota–gut–brain axis is a bidirectional neural, hormonal, immune signaling pathway that could link gastrointestinal tract to brain. Over past few decades, gut microbiota has been demonstrated be an essential component of plays crucial role in regulating most functions various body organs. effects on occur through production neurotransmitters, hormones, metabolites, regulation host-produced or synthesis metabolites by themselves. This affects host's behavior, mood, attention state, brain's food reward system. Meanwhile, there intimate association between exercise. Exercise can change numerically qualitatively, which may partially responsible for widespread benefits regular physical activity human health. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) non-invasive method show areas enabling delineation specific regions involved neurocognitive disorders. Through combining exercise tasks fMRI techniques, researchers observe higher functions. However, exercise's health via have little studied. article reviews highlights connections these three interactions, will help us further understand positive provide new strategies approaches prevention treatment diseases.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota from Exercise Mice Counteracts High-Fat High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Cognitive Impairment in C57BL/6 Mice

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023, P. 1 - 17

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

Gut microbes may be the critical mediators for cognitive enhancing effects of exercise. Via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), this study is aimed at determining mechanism how voluntary exercise improved learning and memory ability impairment post a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet. The abilities assessed via Morris water maze in FMT recipient group exercising mice were compared to sedentary group. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results indicated that exercise-induced changes gut distribution transmissible, mainly terms elevated Lactobacillus, Eubacterium nodatum, as well decreased Clostrida_UCG-014 Akkermansia after FMT. neuroprotective related insulin signaling pathway (IRS2/PI3K/AKT) mitochondrial function; inhibition AQP4; p-Tau serine 396 404; increased BDNF, PSD95, synaptophysin hippocampus; also HDAC2 HDAC3 protein expressions nuclear cytoplasmic fractions hippocampus. findings qRT-PCR suggested microbes, on one hand, GPR109A GPR43 TNF-α On other it GPR41 proximal colon tissue. In addition, total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), acetic acid, propionic isobutyric valeric isovaleric contents cecum. conclusion, alterations play decisive role ameliorating HFHC diet-induced deficits. treatment new considerable direction induced by exposure

Language: Английский

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Gut and Joint Microbiomes

Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 51(2), P. 295 - 324

Published: March 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Deletion of mucin 2 induces colitis with concomitant metabolic abnormalities in mice

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 320(5), P. G791 - G803

Published: March 17, 2021

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of under-recognized metabolic comorbidities. Chronic intestinal inflammation in IBD along changes to the gut microbiome leads broader systemic effects. Despite existence multiple animal models study colitis, limited studies have examined abnormalities associated these models. In this study, a spontaneous model colitis (mucin 2 knock-out mouse, Muc2-/-) was used investigate impact on dysfunction. Before onset severe such as rectal prolapse, Muc2-/- mice exhibited impaired glucose clearance. Defects were noted insulin signaling pathway corresponding upregulated genes lipid utilization pathways, mitochondrial number, and peroxisome proliferator-activated coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), transcription factor central energy metabolism regulation. Parallel alterations, bacteremia. We further characterized dysbiotic microbiome's predicted functional categories given its contributing role colitic phenotype mice. addition less butyrate levels, we show an predisposition biosynthesis pathways host's altered state. This establishes mouse that develops ideal for studying early comorbid Clarification underlying etiology two phenotypes could unravel important clues regarding treatment comorbidities during colitis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY discloses classic murine (Muc2-/- model). Investigating interaction between disorders helps extend our knowledge deciphering disease-associated provides new insight into clinical treatment.

Language: Английский

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