EFSA Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
The
qualified
presumption
of
safety
(QPS)
process
was
developed
to
provide
a
assessment
approach
for
microorganisms
intended
use
in
food
or
feed
chains.
QPS
is
based
on
an
published
data
each
taxonomic
unit
(TU),
with
respect
its
identity,
the
body
relevant
knowledge
and
concerns.
Safety
concerns
identified
TU
are,
where
possible,
confirmed
at
species/strain
product
level
reflected
by
'qualifications'.
In
period
covered
this
Statement,
no
new
information
found
that
would
change
status
previously
recommended
TUs.
Of
71
notified
EFSA
between
April
September
2023
(30
as
additives,
22
enzymes
7
novel
foods
12
from
plant
protection
products
[PPP]),
61
were
not
evaluated
because:
26
filamentous
fungi,
1
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: April 12, 2024
The
rise
of
antibiotic
resistance
in
the
food
chain
is
influenced
by
use
antimicrobial
agents,
such
as
antibiotics,
metals,
and
biocides,
throughout
entire
farm-to-fork
continuum.
Besides,
non-clinical
reservoirs
potentially
contribute
to
transmission
critical
pathogens
multidrug-resistant
(MDR)
Klebsiella
pneumoniae
.
However,
limited
knowledge
exists
about
population
structure
genomic
diversity
K.
circulating
conventional
poultry
production.
We
conducted
a
comprehensive
characterization
across
whole
chicken
production
(7
farms;
14
flocks
+
environment
meat,
56
samples;
2019–2022),
exploring
factors
beyond
like
copper
quaternary
ammonium
compounds
(QACs).
Clonal
adaptive
features
were
characterized
through
cultural,
molecular
(FT-IR),
whole-genome-sequencing
(WGS)
approaches.
All
except
one
flock
positive
for
with
significant
increase
(
p
<
0.05)
from
early
n
=
1/14)
pre-slaughter
11/14)
stages,
most
6/7)
persisting
meat
batches.
Colistin-resistant
rates
low
(4%-
1/24
samples),
while
samples
carried
MDR
strains
(67%-
16/24)
copper-tolerant
isolates
(63%-
15/24,
sil
pco
gene
clusters;
MIC
CuSO4
≥
16
mM),
particularly
at
pre-slaughter.
Benzalkonium
chloride
consistently
exhibited
activity
against
(MIC/MBC
range
4–64
mg/L)
representative
independently
presence
or
absence
genes
linked
QACs
tolerance.
A
polyclonal
population,
discriminated
FT-IR
WGS,
included
various
lineages
dispersed
chicken’s
lifecycle
farm
(ST29-KL124,
ST11-KL106,
ST15-KL19,
ST1228-KL38),
until
(ST1-KL19,
ST11-KL111,
ST6405-KL109,
ST6406-CG147-KL111),
over
years
(ST631-49
KL109,
ST6651-KL107,
ST6406-CG147-KL111).
Notably,
some
identical
those
human
clinical
isolates.
WGS
also
revealed
F-type
multireplicon
plasmids
carrying
(copper)
co-located
qacE
Δ1
±
qacF
(QACs)
disseminated
humans.
In
conclusion,
farms
their
derived
are
diverse
clones
enriched
metal
tolerance
genes,
exhibiting
genetic
similarities
strains.
Further
research
imperative
unravel
influencing
persistence
dissemination
within
production,
contributing
improved
safety
risk
management.
This
study
underscores
significance
understanding
interplay
between
control
strategies
sources
effectively
address
spread
resistance.
Antibiotics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(9), P. 1474 - 1474
Published: Sept. 21, 2023
Antimicrobial
resistance
(AMR)
has
a
significant
impact
on
human,
animal,
and
environmental
health,
being
spread
in
diverse
settings.
Antibiotic
misuse
overuse
the
food
chain
are
widely
recognized
as
primary
drivers
of
antibiotic-resistant
bacteria.
However,
other
antimicrobials,
such
metals
organic
acids,
commonly
present
agri-food
environments
(e.g.,
feed,
biocides,
or
long-term
pollutants),
may
also
contribute
to
this
global
public
health
problem,
although
remains
debatable
topic
owing
limited
data.
This
review
aims
provide
insights
into
current
role
(i.e.,
copper,
arsenic,
mercury)
acids
emergence
AMR
chain.
Based
thorough
literature
review,
study
adopts
unique
integrative
approach,
analyzing
detail
known
antimicrobial
mechanisms
well
molecular
adaptive
tolerance
strategies
developed
by
bacteria
overcome
their
action.
Additionally,
interplay
between
is
explored,
with
particular
focus
co-selection
events.
Through
comprehensive
analysis,
highlights
potential
silent
within
need
for
further
research
at
epidemiological
levels
across
different
contexts
worldwide.
Eurosurveillance,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
29(18)
Published: May 2, 2024
Background
The
pet
industry
is
expanding
worldwide,
particularly
raw
meat-based
diets
(RMBDs).
There
are
concerns
regarding
the
safety
of
RMBDs,
especially
their
potential
to
spread
clinically
relevant
antibiotic-resistant
bacteria
or
zoonotic
pathogens.
Aim
We
aimed
investigate
whether
dog
food,
including
RMBD,
commercially
available
in
Portugal
can
be
a
source
Salmonella
and/or
other
Enterobacteriaceae
strains
resistant
last-line
antibiotics
such
as
colistin.
Methods
Fifty-five
samples
from
25
brands
(21
international
ones)
various
food
types
12
suppliers
were
screened
by
standard
cultural
methods
between
September
2019
and
January
2020.
Isolates
characterised
phenotypic
genotypic
methods,
whole
genome
sequencing
comparative
genomics.
Results
Only
RMBD
batches
contaminated,
with
10
14
containing
polyclonal
multidrug-resistant
(MDR)
Escherichia
coli
one
MDR
.
One
turkey-based
sample
contained
serotype
1,4,[5],12:i:-
ST34/cgST142761
similarity
human
clinical
isolates
occurring
worldwide.
This
exhibited
typical
antibiotic
resistance
(
bla
TEM
+
strA-strB
sul2
tet(B)
)
metal
tolerance
profiles
pco
sil
ars
associated
European
epidemic
clone.
Two
(turkey/veal)
carried
globally
dispersed
E.
(ST3997-complexST10/cgST95899
ST297/cgST138377)
colistin
(minimum
inhibitory
concentration:
4
mg/L)
mcr-1
gene
on
IncX4
plasmids,
which
identical
circulating
Conclusion
Some
RMBDs
vehicle
for
pathogenic
clones
carrying
genes
encoding
Proactive
actions
within
Health
context,
spanning
regulatory,
pet-food
consumer
levels,
needed
mitigate
these
public
health
risks.
Antibiotics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(11), P. 1569 - 1569
Published: Oct. 27, 2023
The
focus
of
this
review
was
to
assess
what
evidence
exists
on
whether,
and
extent,
the
use
biocides
(disinfectants
sanitizers)
certain
metals
(used
in
feed
other
uses)
animal
production
(both
land
aquatic)
leads
development
spread
AMR
within
food
chain.
A
comprehensive
literature
search
identified
3434
publications,
which
after
screening
were
reduced
154
relevant
publications
from
some
data
extracted
address
review.
has
shown
that
there
is
used
may
have
an
impact
AMR.
There
clear
will
persist,
accumulate,
primary
environments
for
many
years.
less
persistence
biocides.
also
particularly
little,
if
any,
biocides/metal
aquaculture
Although
it
recognized
a
risk
human
health
not
sufficient
undertake
assessment
biocide
or
metal
further
focused
in-field
studies
are
needed
provide
required.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 23, 2024
Abstract
The
rise
of
antibiotic
resistance
in
the
food
chain
is
influenced
by
use
antimicrobial
agents,
such
as
antibiotics,
metals,
and
biocides,
throughout
entire
farm-to-fork
continuum.
Besides,
non-clinical
reservoirs
potentially
contribute
to
transmission
critical
pathogens
multidrug-resistant
(MDR)
Klebsiella
pneumoniae
.
However,
limited
knowledge
exists
about
population
structure
genomic
diversity
K.
circulating
conventional
poultry
production.
We
conducted
a
comprehensive
characterization
across
whole
chicken
production
(flocks/environment/meat,
2019-2022),
exploring
factors
beyond
like
copper
quaternary
ammonium
compounds
(QACs).
Clonal
adaptive
features
were
characterized
through
cultural,
molecular
(FT-IR),
whole-genome-sequencing
(WGS)
approaches.
All
except
one
flock
positive
for
with
significant
increase
(p
<
0.05)
from
early
pre-slaughter
stages,
most
persisting
meat
batches.
Colistin-resistant
rates
low
(4%),
while
samples
carried
MDR
strains
(67%)
copper-tolerant
isolates
(63%;
sil
+
pco
clusters;
MIC
CuSO4
≥16mM),
particularly
at
pre-slaughter.
Benzalkonium
chloride
consistently
exhibited
activity
(MIC/MBC
range=4-64mg/L)
diverse
representative
independently
presence/absence
genes
linked
QACs
tolerance.
A
polyclonal
population,
discriminated
FT-IR
WGS,
included
various
lineages
dispersed
chicken’s
lifecycle
farm
(ST29-KL124,
ST11-KL106,
ST15-KL19,
ST1228-KL38),
until
(ST1-KL19,
ST11-KL111,
ST6405-KL109,
ST6406-CG147-KL111),
or
over
years
(ST631-49
KL109,
ST6651-KL107,
ST6406-CG147-KL111).
Notably,
some
identical
those
human
clinical
isolates.
WGS
also
revealed
F-type
multireplicon
plasmids
carrying
(copper)
co-located
qacE
Δ1±
qacF
(QACs)
disseminated
humans.
In
conclusion,
farms
their
derived
are
clones
enriched
metal
tolerance
genes,
exhibiting
genetic
similarities
strains.
Further
research
imperative
unravel
influencing
persistence
dissemination
within
production,
contributing
improved
safety
risk
management.
This
study
underscores
significance
understanding
interplay
between
control
strategies
sources
effectively
address
spread
resistance.
