Ambient carbon dioxide concentration correlates with SARS-CoV-2 aerostability and infection risk

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 25, 2024

Abstract An improved understanding of the underlying physicochemical properties respiratory aerosol that influence viral infectivity may open new avenues to mitigate transmission diseases such as COVID-19. Previous studies have shown an increase in pH aerosols following generation due changes gas-particle partitioning buffering bicarbonate ions and carbon dioxide is a significant factor reducing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. We show here aerostability results from moderate atmospheric concentration (e.g. 800 ppm), effect more marked than observed for relative humidity. model likelihood COVID-19 on ambient CO 2 , concluding even this overall risk. These observations confirm critical importance ventilation maintaining low concentrations indoor environments mitigating disease transmission. Moreover, correlation increased with need be better understood when considering consequences increases levels our atmosphere.

Language: Английский

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Dependence on relative humidity in the formation of reactive oxygen species in water droplets

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(12)

Published: March 15, 2024

Water microdroplets (7 to 11 µm average diameter, depending on flow rate) are sprayed in a closed chamber at ambient temperature, whose relative humidity (RH) is controlled. The resulting concentration of ROS (reactive oxygen species) formed the microdroplets, measured by amount hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O ), determined nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and spectrofluorimetric assays after droplets collected. results found agree closely with one another. In addition, hydrated hydroxyl radical cations (•OH-H 3 + ) recorded from using mass spectrometry superoxide anions (•O − radicals (•OH) electron paramagnetic spectroscopy. As RH varies 15 95%, H shows marked rise factor about 3.5 going 50%, then levels off. By replacing water deuterium oxide (D O) but keeping gas surrounding O, spectrometric analysis demonstrates that air plays dominant role producing other ROS, which accounts for variation RH. increases, droplet evaporation rate decreases. These two facts help us understand why viruses both survive better low values, as indoor wintertime, disinfected more effectively higher summertime, thus explaining recognized seasonality airborne viral infections.

Language: Английский

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Photocatalytic O2 activation carried out by organic aerosol: A case study of 1, 8-naphthalic anhydride

Applied Catalysis B Environment and Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 349, P. 123889 - 123889

Published: April 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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MS2 bacteriophage infectivity after exposure to RH, ozone, chlorine dioxide and solar radiation using an oxidation flow reactor and a rotating drum

Aerosol Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 13

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Viruses and other pathogens that transmit as aerosols pose a significant risk to the public, due potential for widespread disease transmission. These viral diseases may be transmitted from person-to-person, such SARS-CoV-2, or environmentally generated aerosols, like hantaviruses. The threat pathogen an aerosol depends on several factors, including its stability aerosol. Bioaerosol is generally studied decay of properties (e.g., viability, infectivity and/or detectability) in response environmental conditions sunlight humidity). We have developed novel system approach study bioaerosol stability. Biological Aerosol Reaction Chamber (Bio-ARC) flow-through designed rapidly expose biological (ozone, simulated solar radiation (SSR), humidity, gas phase species at stable temperatures) determine sensitivity those particles ambient conditions. Using this system, we examined well-understood model organism: bacteriophage MS2. This data was then compared similar MS2 decayed within Goldberg rotating drum. Based these comparisons, it found Bio-ARC can bioaerosols witnessed first seconds minute, which typically impractical measure drums, require time inject with aerosols.

Language: Английский

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The microphysics of surrogates of exhaled aerosols from the upper respiratory tract

Aerosol Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(4), P. 461 - 474

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Airborne transmission plays a significant role in the of respiratory diseases such as COVID-19, for which aerosol droplets are responsible transportation potentially infectious pathogens. However, physicochemical dynamics during exhalation process not well understood. The representativeness droplet surrogates exhaled and suspension media aerosols currently used laboratory studies remains debated. Here, we compare evaporation kinetics equilibrium thermodynamics surrogate including sodium chloride, artificial saliva (AS) Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) by using Comparative Kinetics Electrodynamic Balance. potential influences composition on hygroscopic response phase behavior, influence mucin reported. hygroscopicity measurement was to verify benchmark prediction complex solutions Single Aerosol Particle Drying Trajectory model. We show that compositionally culture differs from chloride (mucin-free solutions). DMEM contained three distinctive phases when drying at range humidities, semi-dissolved evaporating environmental humidity range. effect behavior low RH were compared between AS solutions. In both cases, delayed crystallization time droplets, but it promoted change (from homogenous semi-dissolved/spherical with inclusions) occur higher water activities.

Language: Английский

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An assessment of the airborne longevity of group A Streptococcus

Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 170(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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The aerobiological pathway of natural respiratory viral aerosols

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 117557 - 117557

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Aerosols generated from the human respiratory tract containing infectious virus can be challenging to measure due a number of factors that impact infectivity they contain. These include limitations in understanding aerosol composition, chemical processes change composition and infectivity, effects collection process. The aerobiological pathway represents framework understand how influencing these particles collectively contribute overall their potential infectiousness. Here, is used highlight areas research could improve natural viral hazards. In particular, an improved required biological phase composition. findings will also invaluable airborne detection.

Language: Английский

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Stability of influenza A virus in droplets and aerosols is heightened by the presence of commensal respiratory bacteria

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 98(7)

Published: June 13, 2024

ABSTRACT Aerosol transmission remains a major challenge for control of respiratory viruses, particularly those causing recurrent epidemics, like influenza A virus (IAV). These viruses are rarely expelled alone, but instead embedded in consortium microorganisms that populate the tract. The impact microbial communities and inter-pathogen interactions upon stability transmitted is well-characterized enteric pathogens, under-studied niche. Here, we assessed whether presence five different species commensal bacteria could influence persistence IAV within phosphate-buffered saline artificial saliva droplets deposited on surfaces at typical indoor air humidity, airborne aerosol particles. In droplets, individual or mixed bacterial community resulted 10- to 100-fold more infectious remaining after 1 h, due bacterial-mediated flattening drying early efflorescence. Even when no efflorescence occurred high humidity bacteria-induced changes droplet morphology were abolished by aerosolization deposition well plate, remained protective. Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pneumoniae most stabilizing compared other commensals equivalent density, indicating composition an individual’s microbiota previously unconsidered factor influencing persistence. IMPORTANCE It known infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 release virus-containing aerosols larger infected host. survival time into environment can vary depending temperature, room UV exposure, composition, suspending fluid. However, few studies consider fact not alone tract—we constantly colonized plethora our noses, mouth, lower system. gut, be stabilized against inactivation environmental decay gut bacteria. Despite similarly complex tract, have investigated viral stabilization occur this address question investigating range systems representing droplets.

Language: Английский

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Advancing transcriptomic profiling of airborne bacteria

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 28, 2025

ABSTRACT Aerobiology research focusing on bioaerosol particle dynamics has catalogued the identity, distribution, and abundance of airborne microbes in a broad variety indoor environments and, more recently, disinfection methods for medically relevant microbes. Given their importance environmental health our constant exposure to daily lives, surprisingly little is known about activity live bioaerosols metabolic responses aerosolization suspension stress. In this context, microbial messenger RNA (mRNA) powerful information source near-real-time organismal that cannot be attained through genomic, proteomic, or metabolomic studies. This review discusses current knowledge from transcriptomic studies describing bacterial cellular response myriad stresses imparted rapidly upon continued as microscopic bioaerosol. context transcriptome profiling, potential artifacts associated with aerosolization/collection are discussed perspective preserving mRNA maintaining its fidelity it exists Recommendations advancing profiling gene expression presented mitigate inherent challenges modern experiments. These recommendations include use larger experimental chambers, temperature control during processes, liquid capture sampling into nucleic acid preservative improve collected better transcriptional microorganisms. Eventually, improvements can contribute toward answering fundamental questions aerobiome such as: atmosphere temporary highway habitat microorganisms?

Language: Английский

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Inactivation Mechanisms of Escherichia coli in Simulants of Respiratory and Environmental Aerosol Droplets

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 511 - 511

Published: April 22, 2024

The airborne transmission of disease relies on the ability microbes to survive aerosol transport and, subsequently, cause infection when interacting with a host. length time microorganisms remain infectious in droplets is function numerous variables. We present measurements mass and heat transfer from liquid combined survival data for Escherichia coli MRE162, an ACDP category 1 microorganism used as model system, under wide range environmental conditions, droplet compositions microbiological conditions. In tandem, these companion demonstrate importance understanding complex relationship between microphysics microbe survival. Specifically, our consist correlation physicochemical properties (e.g., evaporation rates, equilibrium water content, morphology, compositional changes solute gas phase, etc.), viability decay infer impact bacterial Thus, mechanistic approach support prediction phase biological, microphysical, environmental, experimental (aerosol-generation sampling) processes presented. Specific findings include following: surfactants do not increase bacteria stability aerosol, while both growth concentration may affect rate at which aerosol.

Language: Английский

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