Utilizing citizen science data to rapidly assess changing associations between wild birds and avian influenza outbreaks in poultry DOI Creative Commons
Stephen H. Vickers, Jayna Raghwani, Ashley C. Banyard

et al.

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2031)

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

High pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is a rapidly evolving causing significant economic and environmental harm. Wild birds are key viral reservoir an important source of incursions into animal populations, including poultry. However, we lack thorough understanding which species drive whether this changes over time. We explored associations between the abundances 152 outbreaks highly pathogenic (HPAI) in poultry premises across Great Britain October 2021 January 2023. Spatial generalized additive models were used, with abundance distributions sourced from eBird. Associations investigated at species-specific level aggregations. During autumn/winter, generally strongest waterbirds such as ducks geese; however, also found groups non-native gamebirds rapid change Our results demonstrate value citizen science to explore wild potential facilitators disease well-monitored especially regions where surveillance limited. This can be critical step towards prioritizing targeted that could inform biosecurity measures; particularly for HPAIV, has undergone sudden shifts host range continues evolve.

Language: Английский

The Haemagglutinin Genes of the UK Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses from 2020 to 2022 Retain Strong Avian Phenotype DOI
Jiayun Yang,

Rebecca Daines,

Pengxiang Chang

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 9, 2024

Abstract Since 2020, the United Kingdom (UK) has suffered repeated epizootics of clade 2.3.4.4b H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) in wild birds and poultry, resulting substantial economic losses due to enforced statutory control. The rapid evolution HPAIVs continues raise concern with heightened zoonotic pandemic risks. immunodominant haemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) is crucial for virus receptor binding pH-induced fusion viral cellular membranes. Mutations HA are frequent polymerase error, immune pressure host adaptation, antigenic modulation and/or an expansion tropism, respectively, ultimately hindering control strategies. We evaluated a comprehensive panel representing prevalent genotypes from UK outbreaks spanning 2020 2022 functionality. genes each genotype were assessed through binding, pH fusion, thermostability inhibition assays evaluate factors contributing potential, stability, antigenicity. only bound receptors exhibited at 5.8, above range (pH 5.0 5.5) associated efficient human-to-human transmission. Therefore, these have low immediate threat. Contemporary more thermostable showed drift compared earlier 2017-2018 H5N8 viruses, N236D was identified as significant epitope. findings this study underscore evolving nature highlight importance ongoing surveillance characterisation efforts identify that might contribute risk.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Transmission dynamics and pathogenesis differ between pheasants and partridges infected with clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 and H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses DOI
Amanda H. Seekings, Yuan Liang, Caroline J. Warren

et al.

Journal of General Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 105(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

During the UK 2020–2021 epizootic of H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs), high mortality occurred during incursions in commercially farmed common pheasants ( Phasianus colchicus ). Two pheasant farms, affected separately by H5N8 and H5N1 subtypes, included adjacently housed red-legged partridges Alectoris rufa ), which appeared to be unaffected. Despite extensive ongoing epizootics, HPAIV partridge outbreaks were not reported 2021–2022 UK, so it is postulated that are more resistant infection than other gamebirds. To assess this, pathogenesis both intra- inter-species transmission pheasant-origin H5N8-2021 H5N1-2021 HPAIVs investigated. Onward chickens was also assessed better understand risk spread from gamebirds commercial poultry sectors. A lower infectious dose required infect with compared H5N1-2021. However, systemic dissemination multiple organs within rapid following H5N8-2021, former attaining generally higher viral RNA levels tissues. Intraspecies contact successful for associated environmental contamination, while interspecies a first chicken-contact group efficient. further onward additional chicken contacts only achieved Intra-partridge when high-dose administered, inoculated failed shed transmit, although tissue tropism observed viruses. Mortalities among infected featured longer incubation period pheasants, Therefore, susceptibility different gamebird species pathogenicity outcomes varies, but represent greater likelihood introduction into galliforme settings. Consequently, maintenance populations risks warrant enhanced investigation.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Outbreaks of H5N1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza in South Africa in 2023 Were Caused by Two Distinct Sub-Genotypes of Clade 2.3.4.4b Viruses DOI Creative Commons
Célia Abolnik, Laura C. Roberts, Christine Strydom

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 896 - 896

Published: May 31, 2024

In 2023, South Africa continued to experience sporadic cases of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) in coastal seabirds and poultry. Active environmental surveillance determined that H5Nx, H7Nx, H9Nx, H11Nx, H6N2, H12N2, amongst other unidentified subtypes, circulated wild birds ostriches but H5Nx was predominant. Genome sequencing phylogenetic analysis confirmed HPAI only two the fifteen sub-genotypes 2021–2022 still persisted 2023. Sub-genotype SA13 remained restricted seabirds, with accelerated mutations observed neuraminidase protein. SA15 caused chicken outbreaks, outbreaks Paardeberg George areas, Western Cape province, Camperdown region KwaZulu-Natal province were unrelated each other, implicating as source. All viruses contained a truncation PB1-F2 gene, viruses, PA-X putatively expressed novel isoform eight additional amino acids. African had comparatively fewer markers virulence pathogenicity compared European strains, possible reason why no spillover mammals has occurred here yet.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Preventive, safety and control measures against Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in occupationally exposed groups: A scoping review DOI Creative Commons

Haydee Susana Catalan Saenz,

Liliana Cruz-Ausejo

One Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19, P. 100766 - 100766

Published: June 17, 2024

During the outbreak of avian influenza, A (H5N1) (IA) in wild and domestic birds recorded January 2023, epidemiological alert has been extended due to its potential contagion humans, particularly those exposed occupational groups.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Utilizing citizen science data to rapidly assess changing associations between wild birds and avian influenza outbreaks in poultry DOI Creative Commons
Stephen H. Vickers, Jayna Raghwani, Ashley C. Banyard

et al.

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2031)

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

High pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is a rapidly evolving causing significant economic and environmental harm. Wild birds are key viral reservoir an important source of incursions into animal populations, including poultry. However, we lack thorough understanding which species drive whether this changes over time. We explored associations between the abundances 152 outbreaks highly pathogenic (HPAI) in poultry premises across Great Britain October 2021 January 2023. Spatial generalized additive models were used, with abundance distributions sourced from eBird. Associations investigated at species-specific level aggregations. During autumn/winter, generally strongest waterbirds such as ducks geese; however, also found groups non-native gamebirds rapid change Our results demonstrate value citizen science to explore wild potential facilitators disease well-monitored especially regions where surveillance limited. This can be critical step towards prioritizing targeted that could inform biosecurity measures; particularly for HPAIV, has undergone sudden shifts host range continues evolve.

Language: Английский

Citations

1