Diet fuelling inflammatory bowel diseases: preclinical and clinical concepts

Gut, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(12), P. 2574 - 2586

Published: Sept. 16, 2022

The diet and gut microbiota have been extensively interrogated as a fuel for inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) the last few years. Here, we review how specific nutrients, typically enriched Western diet, instigate or deteriorate experimental genetically susceptible host discuss microbiota-dependent independent mechanisms. We depict study landscape of nutritional trials paediatric adult IBD delineate common grounds dietary advice. Conclusively, reflects critical rheostat microbial dysbiosis IBD. Dietary restriction by exclusive enteral nutrition, with without exclusion is effectively treating Crohn’s disease, while are less conclusive. Insights into molecular mechanisms therapy will change perception allow us to enter era precision nutrition. To achieve this, need carefully designed scientific rigour comparable medical trials, which also requires action from stake holders. Establishing evidence-based does not only hold promise avoid long-term immunosuppression, but provide widely accessible at low cost. Identification culprits disturbing health bears potential prevent allows informed decision making food politics.

Language: Английский

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The Influence of Gut Microbiota on Oxidative Stress and the Immune System

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 1388 - 1388

Published: May 8, 2023

The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a complex microbial community that plays an important role in the general well-being of entire organism. gut microbiota generates variety metabolites and thereby regulates many biological processes, such as regulation immune system. In gut, bacteria are direct contact with host. major challenge here prevent unwanted inflammatory reactions on one hand other ensure system can be activated when pathogens invade. Here REDOX equilibrium utmost importance. This controlled by either directly or indirectly via bacterial-derived metabolites. A balanced microbiome sorts for stable balance, whereas dysbiosis destabilizes this equilibrium. An imbalanced status affects disrupting intracellular signaling promoting responses. we (i) focus most common reactive oxygen species (ROS) (ii) define transition from state oxidative stress. Further, (iii) describe ROS regulating Thereafter, (iv) examine influence homeostasis how shifts pro- anti-oxidative cellular conditions suppress promote responses inflammation.

Language: Английский

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The double-edged sword of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota structure in Helicobacter pylori management

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 11, 2022

As Helicobacter pylori management has become more challenging and less efficient over the last decade, interest in innovative interventions is growing by day. Probiotic co-supplementation to antibiotic therapies reported several studies, presenting a moderate reduction drug-related side effects promotion positive treatment outcomes. However, significance of gut microbiota involvement competence probiotic emphasized few researchers, indicating alteration host gastrointestinal following drug uptake. Due lack long-term follow-up studies determine efficiency intervention H. eradication, delicate interaction with wellness, this review aims discuss predict comprehensive effectiveness oral administration.Abbreviations: acyl-CoA- acyl-coenzyme A; AMP- antimicrobial peptide; AMPK- AMP-activated protein kinase; AP-1- activator 1; BA- bile acid; BAR- acid receptor; BCAA- branched-chain amino C2- acetate; C3- propionate; C4- butyrate; C5- valeric CagA- Cytotoxin-associated gene cAMP- cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CD- Crohn's disease; CDI- C. difficile infection; COX-2- cyclooxygenase-2; DC- dendritic cell; EMT- epithelial-mesenchymal transition; FMO- flavin monooxygenases; FXR- farnesoid X GPBAR1- G-protein-coupled receptor GPR4- G protein-coupled 4; H2O2- hydrogen peroxide; HCC- hepatocellular carcinoma; HSC- hepatic stellate IBD- inflammatory bowel IBS- irritable syndrome; IFN-γ- interferon-gamma; IgA immunoglobulin IL- interleukin; iNOS- induced nitric oxide synthase; JAK1- janus kinase JAM-A- junctional adhesion molecule LAB- lactic bacteria; LPS- lipopolysaccharide; MALT- mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; MAMP- microbe-associated molecular pattern; MCP-1- monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MDR- multiple resistance; mTOR- mammalian target rapamycin; MUC- mucin; NAFLD- nonalcoholic fatty liver NF-κB- nuclear factor kappa B; NK- natural killer; NLRP3- NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; NOC- N-nitroso compounds; NOD- nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain; PICRUSt- phylogenetic investigation communities reconstruction unobserved states; PRR- pattern recognition RA- retinoic RNS- reactive nitrogen species; ROS- oxygen rRNA- ribosomal RNA; SCFA- short-chain acids; SDR- single SIgA- secretory STAT3- signal transducer transcription T1D- type 1 diabetes; T2D- 2 Th17- T helper 17; TLR- toll-like TMAO- trimethylamine N-oxide; TML- trimethyllysine; TNF-α- tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Tr1- regulatory Treg- UC- ulcerative colitis; VacA- Vacuolating toxin A.

Language: Английский

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Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(9), P. 583 - 603

Published: June 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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Quorum sensing-mediated microbial interactions: Mechanisms, applications, challenges and perspectives

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 273, P. 127414 - 127414

Published: May 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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