Trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms during enforced isolation due to COVID-19 in England: a longitudinal observational study

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 141 - 149

Published: Dec. 10, 2020

SummaryBackgroundThere is major concern about the impact of global COVID-19 outbreak on mental health. Several studies suggest that health deteriorated in many countries before and during enforced isolation (ie, lockdown), but it remains unknown how has changed week by over course pandemic. This study aimed to explore trajectories anxiety depression 20 weeks after lockdown was announced England, compare growth individual characteristics.MethodsIn this prospective longitudinal observational study, we analysed data from UCL Social Study, a panel weighted population proportions, which collects information (using Generalised Anxiety Disorder assessment) depressive symptoms Patient Health Questionnaire) weekly UK since March 21, 2020. We included adults living England who had at least three repeated measures between 23 Aug 9, Analyses were done using latent models, fitted account for sociodemographic covariates.FindingsBetween 23, 70 000 collected Study. When including participants with follow-up no missing values, our analytic sample consisted 36 520 participants. The average score 6·6 (SD=6·0, range 0–27) 5·7 (SD=5·6, 0–21) 1. levels both declined across first following introduction (b=–1·93, SE=0·26, p<0·0001 anxiety; b=–2·52, SE=0·28, symptoms). fastest decreases seen strict period (between 2 5), plateauing as further easing introduced 16 20). Being woman or younger, having lower educational attainment, income, pre-existing conditions, alone children all risk factors higher start lockdown. Many these inequalities experiences reduced continued, differences still evident lockdown.InterpretationThese highest occurred early stages fairly rapidly, possibly because individuals adapted circumstances. Our findings emphasise importance supporting lead-up future lockdowns try reduce distress, highlight groups already poor pandemic have remained throughout its aftermath.FundingNuffield Foundation, Research Innovation, Wellcome Trust.

Language: Английский

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Mental health and health behaviours before and during the initial phase of the COVID-19 lockdown: longitudinal analyses of the UK Household Longitudinal Study

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 75(3), P. 224 - 231

Published: Sept. 25, 2020

Background There are concerns that COVID-19 mitigation measures, including the ‘lockdown’, may have unintended health consequences. We examined trends in mental and behaviours UK before during initial phase of lockdown differences across population subgroups. Methods Repeated cross-sectional longitudinal analysis Household Longitudinal Study, representative samples over 27,000 adults (aged 18+) interviewed four survey waves between 2015 2020. A total 9748 had complete data for analyses. Outcomes included psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire-12), loneliness, current cigarette smoking, use e-cigarettes alcohol consumption. Cross-sectional prevalence estimates were calculated multilevel Poisson regression assessed associations time period outcomes interest, as well differential by age, gender, education level ethnicity. Results Psychological increased 1 month into with rising from 19.4% (95% CI 18.7% to 20.1%) 2017–2019 30.6% 29.1% 32.3%) April 2020 (RR=1.3, 95% 1.2 1.4). Groups most adversely affected women, young adults, people an Asian background those who degree educated. Loneliness remained stable overall (RR=0.9, 0.6 1.5). Smoking declined CI=0.8,1.0) proportion drinking or more times per week (RR=1.4, 1.3 1.5), did binge (RR=1.5, 1.7). Conclusions lockdown, particularly among women adults. declined, but adverse generally increased. Effective measures required mitigate negative impacts on health.

Language: Английский

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Mental Health During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review and Recommendations for Moving Forward

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 915 - 936

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

COVID-19 has infected millions of people and upended the lives most humans on planet. Researchers from across psychological sciences have sought to document investigate impact in myriad ways, causing an explosion research that is broad scope, varied methods, challenging consolidate. Because policy practice aimed at helping live healthier happier requires insight robust patterns evidence, this article provides a rapid thorough summary high-quality studies available through early 2021 examining mental-health consequences living pandemic. Our review evidence indicates anxiety, depression, distress increased months Meanwhile, suicide rates, life satisfaction, loneliness remained largely stable throughout first year In response these insights, we present seven recommendations (one urgent, two short-term, four ongoing) support mental health during pandemic beyond.

Language: Английский

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Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network

European Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 63(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Abstract Background The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented traumatic event influencing the healthcare, economic, and social welfare systems worldwide. In order to slow infection rates, lockdown has been implemented almost everywhere. Italy, one of countries most severely affected, entered “lockdown” on March 8, 2020. Methods COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET) network includes 10 Italian university sites National Institute Health. whole study three different phases. first phase online survey conducted between May 2020 in population. Recruitment took place through email invitation letters, media, mailing lists universities, national medical associations, associations stakeholders (e.g., users/carers). evaluate impact depressive, anxiety stress symptoms, multivariate linear regression models were performed, weighted for propensity score. Results final sample consisted 20,720 participants. Among them, 12.4% respondents ( N = 2,555) reported severe or extremely levels depressive 17.6% 3,627) symptoms 41.6% 8,619) feel at least moderately stressed by situation DASS-21. According models, significantly worsened from week April 9–15 30 4 p < 0.0001). Moreover, female people with pre-existing mental health problems higher risk developing depression Conclusions Although physical isolation represent essential public measures containing spread COVID-19 pandemic, they are a serious threat well-being general As integral part response, needs should be addressed.

Language: Английский

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Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary care-recorded mental illness and self-harm episodes in the UK: a population-based cohort study

The Lancet Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. e124 - e135

Published: Jan. 14, 2021

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected population mental health. We aimed to assess temporal trends in primary care-recorded common illness, episodes of self-harm, psychotropic medication prescribing, and general practitioner (GP) referrals health services during the emergency UK.MethodsWe did a population-based cohort study using care electronic records from practices registered on UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). included patient Jan 1, 2010, Sept 10, 2020, establish long-term patterns seasonality, but focused primarily period January, 2019–September, 2020. extracted data clinical codes entered into estimate incidence depression anxiety disorders, prescriptions for antidepressants benzodiazepines, GP services, assessed event rates all self-harm. used mean-dispersion negative binomial regression models predict expected monthly overall rates, which were then compared with observed percentage reduction after March, also stratified analyses by sex, age group, practice-level Index Multiple Deprivation quintiles.FindingsWe identified 14 210 507 patients 1697 CPRD databases. In April, had reduced 43·0% (95% CI 38·3–47·4), disorders 47·8% (44·3–51·2), first antidepressant prescribing 36·4% (33·9–38·8) English practices. Reductions diagnoses largest adults working (18–44 45–64 years) at more deprived areas. The self-harm was 37·6% (34·8–40·3%) lower than greatest women individuals aged younger 45 years. By September, incident depression, disorder, similar levels. Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, disorder remained around third rate referral less quarter time year (75·3% [74·0–76·4]).InterpretationConsequences considerable reductions illness could include subsequently presenting greater severity increasing non-fatal suicide. Addressing effects future lockdowns longer-term impacts economic instability should be prioritised.FundingNational Institute Health Medical Council.

Language: Английский

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Evidence Synthesis of Digital Interventions to Mitigate the Negative Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Mental Health: Rapid Meta-review

Journal of Medical Internet Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. e23365 - e23365

Published: Feb. 18, 2021

Accumulating evidence suggests the COVID-19 pandemic has negative effects on public mental health. Digital interventions that have been developed and evaluated in recent years may be used to mitigate consequences of pandemic. However, evidence-based recommendations use existing telemedicine internet-based (eHealth) app-based mobile health (mHealth) are lacking.The aim this study was investigate theoretical empirical base, user perspective, safety, effectiveness, cost-effectiveness digital related provision (ie, promotion, prevention, treatment disorders) help reduce pandemic.A rapid meta-review conducted. The MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL databases were searched May 11, 2020. Study inclusion criteria broad considered systematic reviews meta-analyses investigated tools for or conditions determinants likely affected by pandemic.Overall, 815 peer-reviewed identified, which 83 met criteria. Our findings suggest there is good usability, acceptance/satisfaction, effectiveness eHealth interventions. Evidence mHealth apps promising, especially if social components (eg, blended care) strategies promote adherence incorporated. Although most focus prevention disorders, some promotion. process quality, cost-effectiveness, long-term very limited.There particularly suited mitigating psychosocial at population level. In times physical distancing, quarantine, restrictions contacts, decision makers should develop continued care invest time efforts development implementation promotion programs.

Language: Английский

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Levels of Severity of Depressive Symptoms Among At-Risk Groups in the UK During the COVID-19 Pandemic

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(10), P. e2026064 - e2026064

Published: Oct. 26, 2020

Importance

An immediate research priority is to investigate and monitor the psychological well-being among high-risk groups during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Objective

To examine levels of severity depressive symptoms over time individuals with high risk in UK COVID-19

Design, Setting, Participants

This cohort study part an ongoing large panel adults aged 18 years older residing UK, Social Study, established on March 21, 2020. Data analysis was conducted May

Exposures

Sociodemographic factors included belonging Black, Asian, minority racial/ethnic communities, low socioeconomic position (SEP), essential worker roles (eg, workers health social care, education, childcare, or key public services). Health-related psychosocial preexisting physical mental conditions, experience abuse, support.

Main Outcomes Measures

Depressive were measured 7 occasions from 21 April 2, 2020, using 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Group-based symptom trajectories derived latent growth mixture modeling.

Results

The analytical sample comprised 51 417 (mean [SD] age, 48.8 [16.8] years; 26 276 [51.1%] women; 6145 members [12.0%] communities). Among these, 17 143 participants (33.3%) lowest SEP quartile, 11 342 (22.1%) classified as workers. Three identified: (30 850 [60.0%]), moderate (14 911 [29.0%]), severe (5656 [11.0%]). After adjusting for covariates, experiences abuse (odds ratio [OR], 13.16; 95% CI, 12.95-13.37;P < .001), conditions (OR, 12.99; 12.87-13.11;P 3.41; 3.29-3.54;P support 12.72; 12.57-12.86;P 5.22; 5.08-5.36;P .001) significantly associated symptoms. No significant association found race/ethnicity 1.07; 0.85-1.28;P = .56). Participants less likely 0.66; 0.53-0.80;P .001). Similar patterns associations group (abuse: OR, 5.34; 5.15-5.54;P .001; condition: 4.24; 4.24-4.24;P 1.89; 1.80-1.98;P support: 4.71; 4.60-4.82;P SEP: 1.97; 1.87-2.08;P

Conclusions Relevance

In this participating people health-related factors, well those SEP, at most experiencing

Language: Английский

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A UK survey of COVID‐19 related social support closures and their effects on older people, people with dementia, and carers

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 36(3), P. 393 - 402

Published: Sept. 18, 2020

Abstract Objectives The aim of this national survey was to explore the impact COVID‐19 public health measures on access social support services and effects closures mental well‐being older people those affected by dementia. Methods A UK‐wide online telephone conducted with adults, dementia, carers between April May 2020. captured demographic postcode data, service usage before after measures, current quality life, depression, anxiety. Multiple linear regression analysis used relationship variations anxiety well‐being. Results Five hundred sixty‐nine participants completed (61 285 unpaid carers, 223 adults). Paired samples t ‐tests X 2 showed that mean hour weekly number having accessed various significantly reduced post COVID‐19. analyses higher in hours predicted increased levels dementia lower adults. Conclusions Being unable due COVID contributed worse life adults across UK. Social need be enabled continue providing adapted formats, especially light continued restrictions for foreseeable future.

Language: Английский

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The impact of inequality on mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 62(1), P. 101 - 126

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Previous research on pandemics and emergencies has shown that such events often widen health inequalities in society have a greater impact socially disadvantaged groups.No review so far looked at the of inequality factors mental outcomes during novel coronavirus outbreak .The aim current was therefore to assess COVID-19.After registration PROSPERO, systematic conducted for papers published up 31 July 2020 using databases Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PubMed (MEDLINE), Web Science.The following were considered: education, income, employment, occupation, material social deprivation, age, immigrant status, sexual orientation, functional health, cultural/racial background, sex, gender, place residence.Out 1,931 references, 117 studies (300,061 participants) included.Female being younger financial insecurity, lack access clear messaging/information about pandemic, proximity large infection sites, having existing physical and/or psychological conditions, subjected abuse/stigma because one's identity as member an ethnic or marginalised group predicted inequalities.More is required how affects less studied vulnerable populations, ethnic, sexual, gender participants, well interact affect long term.Recommendations researchers, practitioners, public authorities mitigating adverse populations are outlined.

Language: Английский

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Social isolation, mental health, and use of digital interventions in youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationally representative survey

European Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 64(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Abstract Background Public health measures to curb SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates may have negative psychosocial consequences in youth. Digital interventions help mitigate these effects. We investigated the associations between social isolation, COVID-19-related cognitive preoccupation, worries, and anxiety, objective risk indicators, psychological distress, as well use of, attitude toward, mobile (mHealth) Methods Data were collected part of “Mental Health And Innovation During COVID-19 Survey”—a cross-sectional panel study including a representative sample individuals aged 16–25 years ( N = 666; M age 21.3; assessment period: May 5, 2020 16, 2020). Results Overall, 38% youth met criteria for moderate or severe distress. Social isolation worries indicators associated with evidence dose–response relationships some associations. For instance, distress was progressively more likely occur levels increased (reporting “never” reference group: “occasionally”: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 9.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.3–19.1, p < 0.001; “often”: aOR 22.2, CI 9.8–50.2, “very often”: 42.3, 14.1–126.8, 0.001). There that anxiety positive toward using mHealth interventions, whereas actual use. Conclusions during pandemics be poor mental outcomes Evidence-based digital impact without viral infection given there is an need subjective demand.

Language: Английский

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