The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns: a review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies and natural experiments

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 51(2), P. 201 - 211

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Abstract Lockdowns to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have had profound effects on everyday life worldwide, but their effect mental health remains unclear because available meta-analyses and reviews rely mostly cross-sectional studies. We conducted a rapid review meta-analysis longitudinal studies natural experiments investigating relationship between COVID-19 lockdowns health. A total 25 involving 72 004 participants 58 sizes were analyzed. Using random model, we found that small symptoms, g = 0.17, s.e. 0.05, 95% CI (0.06–0.24), p 0.001, positive psychological functioning, −0.12, 0.11, (−0.33 0.09), 0.27, not significant. Multivariate analysis revealed significant relatively for anxiety depression, while those social support, loneliness, general distress, negative affect, suicide risk The results indicated substantial heterogeneity among studies, meta-regression analyses no moderation mean age, gender, continent, death rate, days lockdown, publication status or study design. impact is in magnitude highly heterogeneous, suggesting do uniformly detrimental most people are psychologically resilient effects.

Language: Английский

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Global burden of cancer in 2020 attributable to alcohol consumption: a population-based study

The Lancet Oncology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(8), P. 1071 - 1080

Published: July 30, 2021

Alcohol use is causally linked to multiple cancers. We present global, regional, and national estimates of alcohol-attributable cancer burden in 2020 inform alcohol policy control across different settings globally.

Language: Английский

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Loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

American Psychologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(5), P. 660 - 677

Published: May 9, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic and measures aimed at its mitigation, such as physical distancing, have been discussed risk factors for loneliness, which increases the of premature mortality mental health conditions. To ascertain whether loneliness has increased since start pandemic, this study to narratively statistically synthesize relevant high-quality primary studies. This systematic review with meta-analysis was registered PROSPERO (ID CRD42021246771). Searched databases were PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library/Central Register Controlled Trials/EMBASE/CINAHL, Web Science, World Health Organization (WHO) database, supplemented by Google Scholar citation searching (cutoff date search December 5, 2021). Summary data from prospective research including assessments before during extracted. Of 6,850 retrieved records, 34 studies (23 longitudinal, 9 pseudolongitudinal, 2 reporting both designs) on 215,026 participants included. Risk bias (RoB) estimated using in non-randomised studies-of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Standardized mean differences (SMD, Hedges' g) continuous values logOR prevalence rates calculated pooled effect size estimators random-effects meta-analyses. Pooling longitudinal designs only (overall N = 45,734), scores (19 studies, SMD 0.27 [95% confidence interval 0.14-0.40], Z 4.02, p < .001, I 98%) (8 0.33 [0.04-0.62], 2.25, .02, 96%) relative prepandemic times small sizes. Results robust respect studies' overall RoB, pseudolongitudinal designs, timing assessments, clinical populations. heterogeneity effects indicates a need further investigate protective progresses inform targeted interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Language: Английский

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A systematic review of the mental health changes of children and young people before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(6), P. 995 - 1013

Published: Aug. 12, 2022

There is increasing knowledge that the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on mental health of children and young people. However, global evidence changes before compared to during focusing people not been systematically reviewed. This systematic review examined longitudinal repeated cross-sectional studies comparing data determine whether changed pandemic. The Web Science, PubMed, Embase PsycINFO databases were searched identify peer-reviewed published in English focused between 0 24 years age. identified 21 from 11 countries, covering more than 96,000 subjects 3 Pre-pandemic compared. Most reported deterioration adolescents people, with increased depression, anxiety psychological distress after started. Other findings included deteriorated negative affect, well-being loneliness. Comparing for pre-pandemic periods showed may negatively urgent need high-quality research address impact, risks protective factors their health, as this will provide a good foundation dealing future emergencies other crises.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and liver disease: mechanistic and clinical perspectives

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 348 - 364

Published: March 10, 2021

Our understanding of the hepatic consequences severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its resultant disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved rapidly since onset pandemic. In this Review, we discuss hepatotropism SARS-CoV-2, including differential expression viral receptors on liver cell types, describe histology features present in patients with COVID-19. We also provide an overview pattern relevance abnormal biochemistry during COVID-19 possible underlying direct indirect mechanisms for injury. Furthermore, large international cohorts have been able to characterize course pre-existing chronic disease. Patients cirrhosis particularly high rates decompensation death following SARS-CoV-2 outline hypotheses explain these findings, role cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction. This finding contrasts outcome data pharmacologically immunosuppressed after transplantation who seem comparatively better outcomes from than those advanced Finally, approach vaccination predict how changes social behaviours clinical care pathways pandemic might lead increased incidence severity. Review provides mechanistic insights into context disease, discussing potential biology conditions. The management is discussed, strategies.

Language: Английский

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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Older Adults: Rapid Review

JMIR Aging, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. e26474 - e26474

Published: March 10, 2021

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the lives of countless members general population. Older adults are known to experience loneliness, age discrimination, and excessive worry. It is therefore reasonable anticipate that they would greater negative outcomes related given their increased isolation risk for complications than younger adults. Objective This study aims synthesize existing research on impact pandemic, associated protective measures, older secondary objective investigate with Alzheimer disease dementias. Methods A rapid review published literature was conducted October 6, 2020, through a search 6 online databases results from original studies regarding Human Development Model conceptual framework–Disability Creation Process used describe understand interactions between personal factors, environmental life habits. reported following Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-analyses Statement. Results total 135 records were included initial strategy 13,452 individual studies. Of these, 113 (83.7%) determined be level 4 according levels evidence classification by Centre Evidence-Based Medicine. presence psychological symptoms, exacerbation ageism, physical deterioration aged populations in Decreased social fewer in-person during occasionally reduced quality depression. Difficulties accessing services, sleep disturbances, reduction activity also noted. Conclusions Our highlight need adequate measures. represent heterogeneous group, which could explain contradictory found literature. Individual, organizational, institutional strategies should established ensure able maintain contacts, preserve family ties, ability give or receive help current pandemic. Future focus specific consequences needs more at-risk inclusion, both public health recommendations considerations made policy makers.

Language: Английский

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The social determinants of mental health and disorder: evidence, prevention and recommendations

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 58 - 90

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

People exposed to more unfavourable social circumstances are vulnerable poor mental health over their life course, in ways that often determined by structural factors which generate and perpetuate intergenerational cycles of disadvantage health. Addressing these challenges is an imperative matter justice. In this paper we provide a roadmap address the determinants cause ill Relying as far possible on high-quality evidence, first map out literature supports causal link between later outcomes. Given breadth topic, focus most pervasive across those common major disorders. We draw primarily available evidence from Global North, acknowledging other global contexts will face both similar unique sets require equitable attention. Much our focuses groups who marginalized, thus multitude intersecting risk factors. These include refugees, asylum seekers displaced persons, well ethnoracial minoritized groups; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender queer (LGBTQ+) living poverty. then introduce preventive framework for conceptualizing disorder, can guide much needed primary prevention strategies capable reducing inequalities improving population Following this, review concerning candidate intervene interventions fall broadly within scope universal, selected indicated strategies, but also briefly important secondary tertiary promote recovery with existing Finally, seven key recommendations, framed around justice, constitute action research, policy public Adoption recommendations would opportunity advance efforts modifiable affect

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and mental health deterioration by ethnicity and gender in the UK

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. e0244419 - e0244419

Published: Jan. 6, 2021

We use the UK Household Longitudinal Study and compare pre-COVID-19 pandemic (2017-2019) during-COVID-19 data (April 2020) for same group of individuals to assess quantify changes in mental health as measured by GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire), among ethnic groups UK. confirm previously documented average deterioration whole sample interviewed before during COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we find that increase distress varies ethnicity gender. Both women –regardless their ethnicity– Black, Asian, minority (BAME) men experienced a higher than White British men, so gender gap increases only individuals. These ethnic-gender specific persist after controlling demographic socioeconomic characteristics. Finally, some evidence that, Bangladeshi, Indian Pakistani have highest with respect men.

Language: Английский

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The mental health impact of COVID-19 and lockdown-related stressors among adults in the UK

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 52(14), P. 2997 - 3006

Published: Dec. 7, 2020

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic in the UK and subsequent lockdown may have affected mental health of population. This study examines whether there was an increase prevalence incidence common disorders (CMD) adult population during first months changes CMD were associated with stressors related to lockdown. Methods Longitudinal data from Household Study waves 10–11: 2019–2020 1–4 monthly surveys April ( n = 17 761) July 2020 13 754), a representative sample population, analysed. measured using 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) (cut-off >2). Changes analysed relation social stressors. Results Around 29% adults without less than year earlier had 2020. However, by 2020, reduced 9%. Most employment, financial psychological ‘shocks’ at their highest levels steadily later months. Despite lifting some conditions July, loneliness, unemployment, problems domestic work continued influence CMD. Conclusion Some policy responses such as furloughing been effective mitigating for groups employees. reduction lockdown-related middle loneliness remained key determinants among

Language: Английский

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Tobacco smoking changes during the first pre-vaccination phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

EClinicalMedicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 47, P. 101375 - 101375

Published: April 12, 2022

Globally, tobacco smoking remains the largest preventable cause of premature death. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced nations to take unprecedented measures, including 'lockdowns' that might impact behaviour. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses assess behaviour changes during early pre-vaccination phases in 2020.

Language: Английский

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