Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: March 11, 2023
Programmed
cell
death
ligand
1
protein-positive
(PD-L1+)
exosomes
have
been
found
to
be
a
potential
biomarker
for
the
diagnosis
of
non-small
lung
cancer
(NSCLC).
However,
development
highly
sensitive
detection
technique
PD-L1+
is
still
challenge
in
clinical
applications.
Herein,
sandwich
electrochemical
aptasensor
based
on
ternary
metal-metalloid
palladium-copper-boron
alloy
microporous
nanospheres
(PdCuB
MNs)
and
Au@CuCl2
nanowires
(NWs)
was
designed
exosomes.
The
excellent
peroxidase-like
catalytic
activity
PdCuB
MNs
high
conductivity
NWs
endow
fabricated
with
intense
signal,
thus
enabling
low
abundance
analytical
results
revealed
that
maintained
favorable
linearity
over
wide
concentration
range
6
orders
magnitude
reached
limit
36
particles/mL.
successfully
applied
analysis
complex
serum
samples
achieves
accurate
identification
NSCLC
patients.
Overall,
developed
provides
powerful
tool
early
NSCLC.
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Oct. 9, 2023
Abstract
The
use
of
nanotechnology
has
the
potential
to
revolutionize
detection
and
treatment
cancer.
Developments
in
protein
engineering
materials
science
have
led
emergence
new
nanoscale
targeting
techniques,
which
offer
renewed
hope
for
cancer
patients.
While
several
nanocarriers
medicinal
purposes
been
approved
human
trials,
only
a
few
authorized
clinical
cells.
In
this
review,
we
analyze
some
formulations
discuss
challenges
translating
findings
from
lab
clinic.
This
study
highlights
various
compounds
that
can
be
used
selective
tumor
inherent
difficulties
therapy.
Nanotechnology
provides
promising
platform
improving
future,
but
further
research
is
needed
overcome
current
limitations
translation.
Graphical
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: Dec. 1, 2021
To
identify
novel
cancer
therapies,
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
has
received
a
lot
of
attention
in
recent
years
particular
with
advent
clinical
successes
achieved
by
targeting
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs).
The
TME
consists
multiple
cell
types
that
are
embedded
extracellular
matrix
(ECM),
including
cells,
endothelial
cells
and
associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs),
which
communicate
each
other
during
progression.
CAFs
dominant
heterogeneous
type
within
pivotal
role
controlling
invasion
metastasis,
evasion,
angiogenesis
chemotherapy
resistance.
mediate
their
effects
part
remodeling
ECM
secreting
soluble
factors
vesicles.
Exosomes
subtype
vesicles
(EVs),
contain
various
biomolecules
such
as
nucleic
acids,
lipids,
proteins.
exosomes
can
be
transmitted
from
one
to
another
cell,
thereby
affect
behavior
receiving
cell.
As
also
present
circulation,
contents
explored
biomarkers
for
diagnosis
prognosis
patients.
In
this
review,
we
concentrate
on
CAFs-derived
communication
between
TME.
First,
introduce
roles
tumorigenesis.
Thereafter,
discuss
ways
interplay
TME,
focus
exosomes.
Then,
elaborate
mechanisms
contribute
progression,
well
impact
We
conclude
discussing
aspects
deserve
further
investigation,
emerging
insights
into
making
treatment
inhibitor
blockade
more
efficient.
Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(1), P. 110 - 110
Published: Jan. 10, 2023
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
cell-derived
membrane-surrounded
carrying
various
types
of
molecules.
These
EV
cargoes
often
used
as
pathophysiological
biomarkers
and
delivered
to
recipient
cells
whose
fates
altered
in
local
distant
tissues.
Classical
EVs
exosomes,
microvesicles,
apoptotic
bodies,
while
recent
studies
discovered
autophagic
EVs,
stressed
matrix
vesicles.
Here,
we
classify
classical
new
non-EV
nanoparticles.
We
also
review
EVs-mediated
intercellular
communication
between
cancer
tumor-associated
cells,
such
cancer-associated
fibroblasts,
adipocytes,
blood
vessels,
lymphatic
immune
cells.
Of
note,
play
crucial
roles
immunosuppression,
evasion,
immunotherapy
resistance.
Thus,
change
hot
tumors
into
cold
ones.
Moreover,
affect
nonimmune
promote
cellular
transformation,
including
epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition
(EMT),
chemoresistance,
tumor
production,
destruction
biological
barriers,
angiogenesis,
lymphangiogenesis,
metastatic
niche
formation.
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: Jan. 18, 2022
Abstract
Background
The
immunotherapy
with
immune
checkpoints
inhibitors
(ICI)
has
changed
the
life
expectancy
in
metastatic
melanoma
(MM)
patients.
Nevertheless,
several
patients
do
not
respond
hence,
identification
and
validation
of
novel
biomarkers
response
to
ICI
is
crucial
importance.
Circulating
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
such
as
PD-L1
+
EV
mediate
resistance
anti-PD1,
instead
role
PD1
fully
understood.
Methods
We
isolated
circulating
EVs
from
plasma
an
observational
cohort
study
71
correlated
amount
ICI.
analysis
was
performed
according
origin
tumor
cells.
Subsequently,
we
analysed
data
a
22
MM
assess
reliability
identified
EV-based
biomarkers.
Additionally
assessed
involvement
seizure
nivolumab
perturbation
cells-mediated
killing
spheroids.
Results
level
released
CD8
T
cells
that
irrespective
cellular
were
higher
non-responders.
Kaplan-Meier
curves
indicated
levels
PD1+
significantly
poorer
progression-free
survival
(PFS)
overall
(OS).
Significant
correlations
found
for
only
when
multivariate
showed
high
EVs,
B
cells,
are
independent
response.
predicting
PFS
confirmed
through
univariate
Cox-hazard
regression
analysis.
Moreover
discovered
captured
reduced
trafficking
spheroids
killing.
Conclusion
Our
driver
highlighted
single
population
by
liquid
biopsy
promising
tool
stratify
immunotherapy.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: March 21, 2022
The
immune
checkpoint
pathway
consisting
of
the
cell
membrane-bound
molecule
programmed
death
protein
1
(PD-1)
and
its
ligand
PD-L1
has
been
found
to
mediate
negative
regulatory
signals
that
effectively
inhibit
T-cell
proliferation
function
impair
antitumor
responses.
Considerable
evidence
suggests
PD-1/PD-L1
is
responsible
for
tumor
tolerance
escape.
Blockage
this
reverse
T
lymphocyte
depletion
restore
immunity.
Antagonists
targeting
have
shown
significant
clinical
activity
in
specific
cancer
types.
Although
originally
identified
as
membrane-type
molecules,
several
other
forms
detected
blood
patients,
including
soluble
(sPD-1/sPD-L1)
exosomal
(exoPD-L1),
increasing
composition
functional
complications
signaling
pathway.
For
example,
sPD-1
block
PD-1/PD-L
immunosuppressive
by
binding
PD-L2,
whereas
role
sPD-L1
mechanism
action
remain
unclear.
In
addition,
many
studies
investigated
roles
exoPD-L1
immunosuppression,
a
biomarker
progression
predictive
response
immunotherapy.
This
review
describes
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
generation
sPD-1/sPD-L1
exoPD-L1,
along
with
their
biological
activities
methods
detection.
discusses
importance
cancer,
prognostic
effects
treatments
target
these
molecules.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Jan. 18, 2023
Ovarian
cancer
is
a
malignant
tumor
of
the
female
reproductive
system,
with
very
poor
prognosis
and
high
mortality
rates.
Chemotherapy
radiotherapy
are
most
common
treatments
for
ovarian
cancer,
unsatisfactory
results.
Exosomes
subpopulation
extracellular
vesicles,
which
have
diameter
approximately
30–100
nm
secreted
by
many
different
types
cells
in
various
body
fluids.
highly
stable
effective
carriers
immunotherapeutic
drugs.
Recent
studies
shown
that
exosomes
involved
cellular
responses
microenvironment,
influencing
development
therapeutic
efficacy
exhibiting
dual
roles
inhibiting
promoting
development.
also
contain
variety
genes
related
to
immunotherapy
could
be
potential
biomarkers
diagnosis
prognosis.
Undoubtedly,
great
field
immunotherapy.
However,
translation
this
idea
clinic
has
not
occurred.
Therefore,
it
important
understand
how
used
regulate
progression.
In
review,
we
summarize
fluids
mechanisms
influence
response.
We
discuss
prospects
clinical
application
exosome-based
cancer.
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: Jan. 19, 2024
Abstract
The
production
and
release
of
tumor-derived
small
extracellular
vesicles
(TDSEVs)
from
cancerous
cells
play
a
pivotal
role
in
the
propagation
cancer,
through
genetic
biological
communication
with
healthy
cells.
TDSEVs
are
known
to
orchestrate
invasion-metastasis
cascade
via
diverse
pathways.
Regulation
early
metastasis
processes,
pre-metastatic
niche
formation,
immune
system
regulation,
angiogenesis
initiation,
matrix
(ECM)
remodeling,
modulation,
epithelial-mesenchymal
transition
(EMT)
among
pathways
regulated
by
TDSEVs.
MicroRNAs
(miRs)
carried
within
as
double-edged
sword
can
either
promote
or
inhibit
cancer
progression.
serve
excellent
markers
for
detection
tumors,
tumor
metastases.
From
therapeutic
point
view,
risk
may
be
reduced
limiting
On
other
hand,
represent
promising
approach
vivo
delivery
cargo
present
review
article
discusses
recent
developments
current
views
field
research
clinical
applications.