Progressing nanotechnology to improve targeted cancer treatment: overcoming hurdles in its clinical implementation

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Oct. 9, 2023

Abstract The use of nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize detection and treatment cancer. Developments in protein engineering materials science have led emergence new nanoscale targeting techniques, which offer renewed hope for cancer patients. While several nanocarriers medicinal purposes been approved human trials, only a few authorized clinical cells. In this review, we analyze some formulations discuss challenges translating findings from lab clinic. This study highlights various compounds that can be used selective tumor inherent difficulties therapy. Nanotechnology provides promising platform improving future, but further research is needed overcome current limitations translation. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Cancer associated-fibroblast-derived exosomes in cancer progression

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

To identify novel cancer therapies, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has received a lot of attention in recent years particular with advent clinical successes achieved by targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The TME consists multiple cell types that are embedded extracellular matrix (ECM), including cells, endothelial cells and associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which communicate each other during progression. CAFs dominant heterogeneous type within pivotal role controlling invasion metastasis, evasion, angiogenesis chemotherapy resistance. mediate their effects part remodeling ECM secreting soluble factors vesicles. Exosomes subtype vesicles (EVs), contain various biomolecules such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins. exosomes can be transmitted from one to another cell, thereby affect behavior receiving cell. As also present circulation, contents explored biomarkers for diagnosis prognosis patients. In this review, we concentrate on CAFs-derived communication between TME. First, introduce roles tumorigenesis. Thereafter, discuss ways interplay TME, focus exosomes. Then, elaborate mechanisms contribute progression, well impact We conclude discussing aspects deserve further investigation, emerging insights into making treatment inhibitor blockade more efficient.

Language: Английский

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Targeting the DNA damage response in immuno-oncology: developments and opportunities

Nature reviews. Cancer, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(11), P. 701 - 717

Published: Aug. 10, 2021

Language: Английский

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Research progress of therapeutic effects and drug resistance of immunotherapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 blockade

Drug Resistance Updates, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 66, P. 100907 - 100907

Published: Nov. 30, 2022

Language: Английский

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Cancer immunotherapy: it’s time to better predict patients’ response

British Journal of Cancer, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 125(7), P. 927 - 938

Published: June 10, 2021

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles: New Classification and Tumor Immunosuppression

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 110 - 110

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-surrounded carrying various types of molecules. These EV cargoes often used as pathophysiological biomarkers and delivered to recipient cells whose fates altered in local distant tissues. Classical EVs exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, while recent studies discovered autophagic EVs, stressed matrix vesicles. Here, we classify classical new non-EV nanoparticles. We also review EVs-mediated intercellular communication between cancer tumor-associated cells, such cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes, blood vessels, lymphatic immune cells. Of note, play crucial roles immunosuppression, evasion, immunotherapy resistance. Thus, change hot tumors into cold ones. Moreover, affect nonimmune promote cellular transformation, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), chemoresistance, tumor production, destruction biological barriers, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, metastatic niche formation.

Language: Английский

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Circulating extracellular vesicles expressing PD1 and PD-L1 predict response and mediate resistance to checkpoint inhibitors immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

Abstract Background The immunotherapy with immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICI) has changed the life expectancy in metastatic melanoma (MM) patients. Nevertheless, several patients do not respond hence, identification and validation of novel biomarkers response to ICI is crucial importance. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as PD-L1 + EV mediate resistance anti-PD1, instead role PD1 fully understood. Methods We isolated circulating EVs from plasma an observational cohort study 71 correlated amount ICI. analysis was performed according origin tumor cells. Subsequently, we analysed data a 22 MM assess reliability identified EV-based biomarkers. Additionally assessed involvement seizure nivolumab perturbation cells-mediated killing spheroids. Results level released CD8 T cells that irrespective cellular were higher non-responders. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated levels PD1+ significantly poorer progression-free survival (PFS) overall (OS). Significant correlations found for only when multivariate showed high EVs, B cells, are independent response. predicting PFS confirmed through univariate Cox-hazard regression analysis. Moreover discovered captured reduced trafficking spheroids killing. Conclusion Our driver highlighted single population by liquid biopsy promising tool stratify immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Biological Characteristics and Clinical Significance of Soluble PD-1/PD-L1 and Exosomal PD-L1 in Cancer

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 21, 2022

The immune checkpoint pathway consisting of the cell membrane-bound molecule programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 has been found to mediate negative regulatory signals that effectively inhibit T-cell proliferation function impair antitumor responses. Considerable evidence suggests PD-1/PD-L1 is responsible for tumor tolerance escape. Blockage this reverse T lymphocyte depletion restore immunity. Antagonists targeting have shown significant clinical activity in specific cancer types. Although originally identified as membrane-type molecules, several other forms detected blood patients, including soluble (sPD-1/sPD-L1) exosomal (exoPD-L1), increasing composition functional complications signaling pathway. For example, sPD-1 block PD-1/PD-L immunosuppressive by binding PD-L2, whereas role sPD-L1 mechanism action remain unclear. In addition, many studies investigated roles exoPD-L1 immunosuppression, a biomarker progression predictive response immunotherapy. This review describes molecular mechanisms underlying generation sPD-1/sPD-L1 exoPD-L1, along with their biological activities methods detection. discusses importance cancer, prognostic effects treatments target these molecules.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes: A potential tool for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, with very poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Chemotherapy radiotherapy are most common treatments for ovarian cancer, unsatisfactory results. Exosomes subpopulation extracellular vesicles, which have diameter approximately 30–100 nm secreted by many different types cells in various body fluids. highly stable effective carriers immunotherapeutic drugs. Recent studies shown that exosomes involved cellular responses microenvironment, influencing development therapeutic efficacy exhibiting dual roles inhibiting promoting development. also contain variety genes related to immunotherapy could be potential biomarkers diagnosis prognosis. Undoubtedly, great field immunotherapy. However, translation this idea clinic has not occurred. Therefore, it important understand how used regulate progression. In review, we summarize fluids mechanisms influence response. We discuss prospects clinical application exosome-based cancer.

Language: Английский

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Tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer invasion and metastasis: molecular mechanisms, and clinical significance

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Abstract The production and release of tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (TDSEVs) from cancerous cells play a pivotal role in the propagation cancer, through genetic biological communication with healthy cells. TDSEVs are known to orchestrate invasion-metastasis cascade via diverse pathways. Regulation early metastasis processes, pre-metastatic niche formation, immune system regulation, angiogenesis initiation, matrix (ECM) remodeling, modulation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) among pathways regulated by TDSEVs. MicroRNAs (miRs) carried within as double-edged sword can either promote or inhibit cancer progression. serve excellent markers for detection tumors, tumor metastases. From therapeutic point view, risk may be reduced limiting On other hand, represent promising approach vivo delivery cargo present review article discusses recent developments current views field research clinical applications.

Language: Английский

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