Cell Reports Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
6(1), P. 101885 - 101885
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
SummaryMuscular
dystrophies
are
a
group
of
heterogenic
disorders
characterized
by
progressive
muscle
weakness,
the
most
common
them
being
Duchenne
muscular
dystrophy
(DMD).
Muscular
caused
mutations
in
over
50
distinct
genes,
and
many
different
genetic
mechanisms.
Currently,
none
these
diseases
have
cure.
However,
recent
years,
significant
progress
has
been
made
to
correct
underlying
cause.
The
clinical
development
adeno-associated
viral
vector-based
therapies
simultaneously
produced
excitement
disappointment
research
community
due
moderate
effect,
making
it
clear
that
new
methods
delivery
be
created.
Herein,
we
review
main
characteristics
major
outline
various
muscle-targeted
explored
for
medicines.Graphical
abstract
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(11), P. 6210 - 6210
Published: June 5, 2024
Pathogenic
bacteria
have
several
mechanisms
to
evade
the
host’s
immune
response
and
achieve
an
efficient
infection.
Bacterial
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
a
relevant
cellular
communication
mechanism,
since
they
can
interact
with
other
bacterial
cells
host
cells.
In
this
review,
we
focus
on
EVs
produced
by
some
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
priority
Gram-negative
Gram-positive
pathogenic
bacteria;
spore-producing
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
(a
complex
cell
wall);
Treponema
pallidum
without
lipopolysaccharide).
We
describe
classification
general
properties
of
EVs,
their
role
during
infections
effects
response.
contain
pathogen-associated
molecular
patterns
that
activate
innate
receptors,
which
leads
cytokine
production
inflammation,
but
also
antigens
induce
activation
B
T
responses.
Understanding
many
yield
new
insights
pathogenesis
clinically
important
infections,
it
lead
development
EV-based
diagnostic
therapeutic
strategies.
addition,
activators
both
adaptive
responses,
constitute
promising
platform
for
vaccine
development.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: March 23, 2024
Abstract
Background
Solid
tumors
promote
tumor
malignancy
through
interaction
with
the
microenvironment,
resulting
in
difficulties
treatment.
Therefore,
it
is
necessary
to
understand
communication
between
cells
and
surrounding
microenvironment.
Our
previous
study
revealed
cancer
mechanism
of
Bcl-w
overexpressed
solid
tumors,
but
no
was
conducted
on
its
relationship
immune
In
this
study,
we
sought
discover
key
factors
exosomes
secreted
from
overexpressing
analyze
microenvironment
identify
causes
malignancy.
Methods
To
affecting
a
miRNA
array
performed
using
derived
Bcl-w.
The
discovered
miRNA,
miR-6794-5p,
tumorigenicity
confirmed
qRT-PCR,
Western
blot,
invasion,
wound
healing,
sphere
formation
ability
analysis.
addition,
luciferase
activity
Ago2-RNA
immunoprecipitation
assays
were
used
miR-6794-5p
target
gene
SOCS1.
confirm
macrophages
tumor-derived
co-culture
conditioned
media.
Additionally,
immunohistochemical
(IHC)
staining
flow
cytometry
tissues
experimental
animals.
Results
MiR-6794-5p,
which
highly
expressed
Bcl-w-overexpressing
cells,
selected,
shown
that
overexpression
increased
migratory
ability,
invasiveness,
stemness
maintenance
by
suppressing
expression
suppressor
delivered
THP-1-derived
induced
M2
polarization
activating
JAK1/STAT3
pathway.
Moreover,
IL-10
creating
an
immunosuppressive
environment.
vitro
results
reconfirmed
confirming
increase
decrease
M1
CD8+
T
when
animal
model.
Conclusions
identified
changes
caused
miR-6794-5p.
indicates
promotes
aggressiveness
inducing
environment
macrophage.
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(4)
Published: April 1, 2024
Abstract
Apoptosis
releases
numerous
apoptotic
vesicles
that
regulate
processes
such
as
cell
proliferation,
immunity,
and
tissue
regeneration
repair.
Now,
it
has
also
emerged
an
attractive
candidate
for
biotherapeutics.
However,
encompass
a
diverse
range
of
subtypes,
remains
unclear
which
specific
subtypes
play
pivotal
role.
In
this
study,
we
successfully
isolated
different
vesicle
based
on
their
sizes
characterized
them
using
NTA
TEM
techniques,
respectively.
We
compared
the
functional
variances
among
distinct
in
terms
stem
migration,
differentiation,
well
endothelial
macrophage
function,
effectively
identifying
exhibit
discernible
differences.
ApoSEV
(with
diameter
<1000
nm)
promoted
multi‐potent
accelerated
skin
wound
healing
diabetes
mouse
model,
while
apoBD
>1000
played
opposite
effect
function
regeneration.
Lastly,
employing
protein
analysis
gene
sequencing
elucidated
intrinsic
mechanisms
underlying
these
differences
between
apoEVs.
Collectively,
study
identified
possessed
bio‐functions
regulating
behaviour
modulating
regeneration,
primarily
attribute
to
profiling
mRNA
subtypes.
This
comprehensive
apoEVs
would
provide
novel
insights
potential
therapeutic
applications
biology
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
29(5), P. 948 - 948
Published: Feb. 21, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
small
phospholipid
bilayer-bond
structures
released
by
diverse
cell
types
into
the
extracellular
environment,
maintaining
homeostasis
of
balancing
cellular
stress.
This
article
provides
a
comprehensive
overview
vesicles,
their
heterogeneity,
and
diversified
roles
in
processes,
emphasizing
importance
elimination
unwanted
molecules.
They
play
role
regulating
oxidative
stress,
particularly
discarding
oxidized
toxic
Furthermore,
endoplasmic
reticulum
stress
induces
release
EVs,
contributing
to
distinct
results,
including
autophagy
or
ER
transmission
following
cells.
stress-induced
is
part
unfolded
protein
response
(UPR)
protects
cells
from
stress-related
apoptosis.
Mitochondrial-derived
(MDVs)
also
homeostasis,
as
they
carry
damaged
mitochondrial
components,
thereby
preventing
inflammation.
Moreover,
EVs
partake
aging-related
therefore
can
potentially
crucial
anti-aging
therapies,
treatment
age-related
diseases
such
Alzheimer’s
disease
cardiovascular
conditions.
Overall,
purpose
this
provide
better
understanding
significant
mediators
both
physiological
pathological
shed
light
on
potential
for
therapeutic
interventions
targeting
EV-mediated
pathways
various
conditions,
with
an
emphasis
diseases.
International Journal of Molecular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
55(3)
Published: Jan. 8, 2025
Exosomes
are
integral
to
the
pathophysiology
of
osteoarthritis
(OA)
due
their
roles
in
mediating
intercellular
communication
and
regulating
inflammatory
processes.
transport
bioactive
molecules,
such
as
proteins,
lipids
nucleic
acids,
which
can
influence
chondrocyte
behavior
joint
homeostasis.
Given
properties
regeneration
ability
target
damaged
tissues,
exosomes
represent
a
promising
therapeutic
avenue
for
OA
treatment.
have
potential
promoting
cartilage
repair,
reducing
inflammation
improving
overall
function.
However,
several
challenges
remain,
including
need
standardized
isolation
characterization
methods,
variability
exosomal
content,
regulatory
hurdles.
The
present
review
aims
provide
comprehensive
overview
current
understanding
exosome
mechanisms
potential,
while
also
addressing
ongoing
faced
translating
these
findings
into
clinical
practice.
By
consolidating
existing
research,
pave
way
future
studies
aimed
at
optimizing
exosome‑based
therapies
effective
management.
Biogerontology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(1)
Published: Jan. 8, 2025
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
implicated
in
inter-organ
communication,
which
becomes
particularly
relevant
during
aging
and
exercise.
DNA
methylation-based
clocks
reflect
lifestyle
environmental
factors,
while
regular
exercise
is
known
to
induce
adaptive
responses,
including
epigenetic
adaptations.
Twenty
individuals
with
High-fitness
(aged
57.7
±
9.8
years)
twenty
Medium–Low-fitness
57.5
9.7
subjects
provided
blood
samples.
EVs
were
isolated
from
the
samples
using
a
size
exclusion
chromatography
(SEC)-based
method,
their
protein
content
was
analyzed
by
mass
spectrometry
(MS).
Acceleration
of
biological
age
estimator
DNAmFitAge
(AgeAccelFit)
associated
cargo
EVs,
whereas
PhenoAge
GrimAge
acceleration
did
not
show
significant
relationship.
This
finding
suggests
that
aging-modulating
role
may
involve
communication
via
EVs.
Set
Enrichment
Analysis
performed
identify
enriched
Gene
Ontology
(GO)
terms
for
sets
proteins
either
correlated
AgeAccelFit
or
detected
exclusively
high
levels
aerobic
fitness.
The
further
influences
inflammation,
immune
system,
cellular
repair,
adhesion,
metabolism
coagulation.
Our
findings
help
understand
preventive
exercise,
could
be
mediated
part
