HIV-associated lung disease

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Incidence of Confirmed Influenza and Pneumococcal Infections and Vaccine Uptake Among Virologically Suppressed People Living with HIV

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 358 - 358

Published: March 27, 2025

Influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are common vaccine-preventable diseases to which people living with HIV (PLWH) may be more susceptible. This study aims investigate the incidence of confirmed influenza pneumococcal infections, determine rate (IR) factors associated vaccine uptake in a population virologically suppressed PLWH. We included 1031 PLWH from Copenhagen Comorbidity Infection (COCOMO) study. Data on vaccinations between 2015 2020 were collected nationwide registries. Incidence rates 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated, predictors explored using logistic regression. The IR showed variation year ranged 0 (95% CI: 0.0, 7.6) 18.0 8.2, 34.1) per 1000 person-years at risk an overall 8.4 5.4, 12.3). was 5.5 3.9, 7.5). Among PLWH, 53.2% influenza-vaccinated least once, 72.3% 22.6% vaccinated twice all six seasons, respectively, while 31% had one vaccine. Previous pneumonia or bronchitis, higher body mass index, use drugs treat heart conditions, longer time independently uptake. found high incidences but below recommendations, highlighting need for improved vaccination counseling.

Language: Английский

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Effect of HIV on Lung Function and Structure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Annals of the American Thoracic Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 274 - 284

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

Rationale: Obstructive lung disease (OLD) pathogenesis includes inhalational (e.g., smoking) and noninhalational mechanisms infections). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been suggested as a novel OLD risk factor. Substantial data have recently emerged about its effects on function structure, especially in low- to middle-income countries regarding longitudinal function. Objectives: To assess the association of HIV infection with OLD, impaired gas exchange, emphysema. Methods: In this systematic review meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials, Database Systematic Reviews, Web Science, Scopus, Cumulative Index Nursing Allied Health Literature, Global Medicus through April 2023 for controlled observational studies people living without reporting pulmonary and/or Primary outcomes were by spirometry, exchange impairment diffusing capacity carbon monoxide, visual emphysema computed tomography. We performed random-effects meta-analyses using odds ratios (ORs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs). This study was registered PROSPERO (CRD42021268498). Results: included 95 publications pertaining 43 unique studies. associated (OR, 1.29; CI, 1.02-1.63), 2.63; 0.96-7.24), 1.46; 1.02-2.09), faster decline. greatest Africans HIV. There no or from Africa. The certainty evidence low very low, primarily because studies' design. Conclusions: People increased impairment, decline, varies regionally. recommend that both spirometry monoxide be measured respiratory symptoms. Future should develop validate HIV-specific screening case-finding strategies chronic disease.

Language: Английский

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Long-term Outcomes of Patients With HIV and Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in the Antiretroviral Therapy Era

Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(8)

Published: July 27, 2023

Abstract Background Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections in people with HIV (PWH). However, there are limited data on long-term outcomes PCP antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis 2 prospective studies 307 PWH, 81 prior PCP, median follow-up 96 weeks. Laboratory were measured at protocol-defined intervals. reviewed clinically indicated chest computerized tomography imaging 63 patients 58 weeks after diagnosis and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) (n = 10) without 14) 18 ART initiation. Results After ART, PWH showed no significant differences laboratory measurements, including CD4 count, when compared those PCP. Survival rates following initiation similar. had increased evidence restrictive lung pathology diffusion impairment PFTs. Furthermore, imaging, 13% bronchiectasis 11% subpleural cysts. Treatment corticosteroids was associated an incidence cytomegalovirus disease (odds ratio, 2.62; P .014). Conclusions remains important infection While it did not negatively affect reconstitution, could pose risk for incident corticosteroid treatment may cause residual sequelae. These findings suggest that its contribute to morbidity even

Language: Английский

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COPD in People with HIV: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Management, and Prevention Strategies

International Journal of COPD, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 2795 - 2817

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder characterized by airflow limitation and persistent symptoms. People with HIV (PWH) are particularly vulnerable to COPD development; PWH have demonstrated both higher rates of an earlier more rapid decline in lung function than their seronegative counterparts, even after accounting for differences cigarette smoking. Factors contributing this HIV-associated difference include chronic immune activation inflammation, accelerated aging, predilection infections, alterations the microbiome, interplay between inhalational toxins. In review, we discuss what known about epidemiology pathobiology among outline screening, diagnostic, prevention, treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Endothelial injury and decline in lung function in persons living with HIV: a prospective Danish cohort study including 698 adults

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: July 24, 2024

Objectives Endothelial injury may promote declining lung function. We aimed to investigate in well-treated persons living with HIV (PLWH) whether elevated levels of thrombomodulin (TM) and syndecan-1 (SDC1) are associated excess function decline worsening dyspnea. Methods A prospective cohort study comprising patients from the Copenhagen municipality. included 698 PLWH undetectable viral load. Biomarkers demographics were measured at baseline, spirometry [forced expiratory volume one second (FEV 1 ) forced vital capacity (FVC)] dyspnea score both baseline 2-year follow-up. Both biomarkers dichotomized 3rd quartile. Decline was estimated using a linear mixed model patient-specific random effect. Increase general logistic regression model. Results did not find an association between SDC1 or TM neither FEV : SDC1: 4.5 mL/year (95% CI: −3.9–12.9, p = 0.30), TM: 2.2 −6.0–10.4, 0.60) nor FVC: 4.1 −6.0–14.2, 0.42), 1.4 −8.3–11.1, 0.78). subgroup analysis never-smokers consistent main analysis. Likewise, we any increase score: OR 1.43 0.89–2.30, 0.14), 1.05 0.65–1.71, 0.26). Conclusion significant endothelial

Language: Английский

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Sex modifies the risk of HIV-associated obstructive lung disease in Ugandans postpneumonia

AIDS, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 20, 2023

Objectives: Spirometric abnormalities are frequent and obstructive lung disease (OLD) is a common comorbidity among people with HIV (PWH). increases the risk of many comorbidities to greater degree in women than men. Few studies have evaluated whether sex modifies HIV-associated OLD. Design Methods: To evaluate associations between abnormal function, men without underwent spirometric testing after completing therapy for pneumonia, including tuberculosis (TB), Kampala, Uganda. OLD was defined as post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume first second vital capacity (FEV 1 /FVC) ratio <0.70. Associations sex, HIV, function were using multivariable regression models sex-by-HIV interaction terms adjusting age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, TB status. Results: Among 348 participants, 147 (42%) 135 (39%) positive. Sixteen (11%) 23 had The HIV-sex significant (p = 0.04). In adjusted stratified analysis, 3.44 (95% CI 1.11, 12.0; p 0.04) increased odds having compared HIV. Women did not Conclusions: appears increase an urban Ugandan setting. mechanistic explanation this by remains unclear warrants further study.

Language: Английский

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Elevated Levels of Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-10 Are Associated With Faster Lung Function Decline in People With Well-Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 228(8), P. 1080 - 1088

Published: June 27, 2023

People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) have an increased risk of chronic lung diseases and inflammation. We aimed to investigate if inflammatory markers monocyte activation are associated faster function decline in PWH.We included 655 PWH from the Copenhagen Comorbidity HIV Infection (COCOMO) Study. Eligible participants were aged ≥25 years had 2 spirometries separated by >2 years. Inflammatory (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ) measured at baseline Luminex, soluble CD14 CD163 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using linear mixed models, we investigated whether elevated cytokine levels decline.The majority males (85.2%) undetectable viral replication (95.3%). found a forced expiratory volume 1 second (FEV1) IL-1β additional 10.3 mL/year (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-18.6; P = .014) 10.0 CI, 1.8-18.2; .017), respectively. no interaction between smoking or IL-10 on FEV1 decline.Elevated independently PWH, suggesting that dysregulated systemic inflammation may play role pathogenesis diseases.

Language: Английский

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Incidence of bacterial respiratory infection and pneumonia in people with HIV with and without airflow limitation

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 139, P. 183 - 191

Published: Dec. 27, 2023

We aimed to determine the incidence rate, pathogen composition, and risk factors, particularly airflow limitation, associated with bacterial respiratory infection pneumonia in a prospective cohort of well-treated people HIV (PWH) between 2015-2021.

Language: Английский

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Cancer risk and temporal trends in people with HIV during a quarter of a century – a nationwide population-based matched cohort study

Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56(1), P. 11 - 18

Published: Sept. 27, 2023

AbstractBackground It is important to understand current trends in cancer risk among people living with HIV (PLWH) improve outcomes and commission delivery appropriate services.Methods Nationwide, population-based, matched cohort study on all adult PLWH treated at Danish health care centres since 1 January 1995 a comparison cohort, randomly selected from the background population sex date of birth.Results We included 6327 63,270 individuals − 74% were men median age was 37 (interquartile range: 30–46). For both smoking related cancers, virological cancers other incidence substantially higher first year observation for than remaining period. The remained stably increased throughout period, whereas relative decreased, especially follow up. Finally, decreased level below that during period.Conclusion fact probably not encouraging, as excess potentially preventable by timely treatment cessation.Keywords: HIVcancer incidenceprognosis Disclosure statementNo potential conflict interest reported author(s).Data availability statementData cannot be shared.

Language: Английский

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