Reduced hippocampal and amygdala volume as a mechanism underlying stress sensitization to depression following childhood trauma

Depression and Anxiety, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 37(9), P. 916 - 925

Published: June 24, 2020

Background Stressful life events are more likely to trigger depression among individuals exposed childhood adversity. However, the mechanisms underlying this stress sensitization remain largely unknown. Any such mechanism must be altered by adversity and interact with recent stressful events, magnifying their association depression. Aim This study investigated whether reduced hippocampal amygdala volume potential following violence exposure. Method A sample of 149 youth (aged 8–17 years), (N = 75) without 74) exposure physical abuse, sexual or domestic participated. Participants completed a structural MRI scan assessments Approximately 2 years later, were assessed along symptoms in 120 participants (57 exposed). Results Childhood was associated smaller volume. occurring during follow-up period predicted worsening over time, magnified those volumes. Significant moderated mediation models revealed indirect effects on increasing time through volumes, particularly youths who experienced events. Conclusions These results provide evidence for as violence. More broadly, these patterns suggest that amygdala-mediated emotional cognitive processes may confer vulnerability children have

Language: Английский

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Associations of Early-Life Threat and Deprivation With Executive Functioning in Childhood and Adolescence

JAMA Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 175(11), P. e212511 - e212511

Published: July 26, 2021

Many studies have demonstrated an association between early-life adversity (ELA) and executive functioning in children adolescents. However, the aggregate magnitude of this is unknown context threat deprivation types various domains.To test hypothesis that experiences are more strongly associated with reduced compared during childhood adolescence.Embase, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycInfo databases were searched from inception to December 31, 2020. Both forward reverse snowball citation searches performed identify additional articles.Articles selected for inclusion if they (1) had a child and/or adolescent sample, (2) included measures ELA, (3) measured functioning, (4) evaluated (5) published peer-reviewed journal, (6) English language. No temporal or geographic limits set. A 2-reviewer, blinded screening process was conducted.PRISMA guidelines used guide data extraction article diagnostics (for heterogeneity, small study bias, p-hacking). Article quality assessed, by multiple independent observers. 3-level meta-analytic model restricted maximum likelihood method used. Moderator analyses conducted explore heterogeneity.Primary outcomes 3 domains functioning: cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, working memory.A total 91 articles included, representing 82 unique cohorts 31 188 individuals. Deprivation, threat, significantly lower control (F1,90 = 5.69; P .02) memory (F1,54 5.78; .02). significant difference observed flexibility (F1,36 2.38; .12). The pooled effect size stronger (Hedges g -0.43; 95% CI, -0.57 -0.29) -0.27; -0.46 -0.08). -0.54; -0.75 -0.33) -0.28; -0.51 -0.05).Experiences both adolescence but exposure deprivation. Efforts address consequences ELA development should consider associations specific dimensions developmental outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Early Adversity and Development: Parsing Heterogeneity and Identifying Pathways of Risk and Resilience

American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 178(11), P. 998 - 1013

Published: Nov. 1, 2021

Adversity early in life is common and a major risk factor for the onset of psychopathology. Delineating neurodevelopmental pathways by which adversity affects mental health critical identification targeted treatment approaches. A rapidly growing cross-species literature has facilitated advances identifying mechanisms linking with psychopathology, specific dimensions timing-related factors that differentially relate to outcomes, protective buffer against effects adversity. Yet, vast complexity heterogeneity environments trajectories contribute challenges understanding resilience context In this overview, author highlights progress four areas—mechanisms, heterogeneity, developmental timing, factors; synthesizes key challenges; provides recommendations future research can facilitate field. Translation across species ongoing refinement conceptual models have strong potential inform prevention intervention strategies reduce immense burden psychopathology associated

Language: Английский

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An ecological approach to understanding the developing brain: Examples linking poverty, parenting, neighborhoods, and the brain.

American Psychologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 75(9), P. 1245 - 1259

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

We describe an ecological approach to understanding the developing brain, with a focus on effects of poverty-related adversity brain function. articulate how combining multilevel models from developmental science and psychopathology human neuroscience can inform our risk resilience. To illustrate this approach, we associations between poverty function, roles parents neighborhoods play in context, potential impact timing. also major challenges needed advances these areas research better understand why may including need for: population greater attention sampling representation, genetically informed causal designs, assessing context caution interpretation effects, Work area has implications for policy prevention, which are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Language: Английский

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Smaller Hippocampal Volume Among Black and Latinx Youth Living in High-Stigma Contexts

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 61(6), P. 809 - 819

Published: Sept. 2, 2021

Language: Английский

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