Stress and adolescence: vulnerability and opportunity during a sensitive window of development

Current Opinion in Psychology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 286 - 292

Published: Oct. 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A State-of-the-art Review

Current Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 557 - 635

Published: May 3, 2023

Abstract: This narrative state-of-the-art review paper describes the progress in understanding and treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Over last four decades, scientific landscape has matured, with many interdisciplinary contributions to its diagnosis, etiology, epidemiology. Advances genetics, neurobiology, stress pathophysiology, brain imaging have made it apparent that chronic PTSD is a systemic disorder high allostatic load. The current state includes wide variety pharmacological psychotherapeutic approaches, which are evidence-based. However, myriad challenges inherent disorder, such as individual barriers good outcome, comorbidity, emotional dysregulation, suicidality, dissociation, substance use, trauma-related guilt shame, often render response suboptimal. These discussed drivers for emerging novel including early interventions Golden Hours, interventions, medication augmentation use psychedelics, well targeting nervous system. All this aims improve symptom relief clinical outcomes. Finally, phase orientation recognized tool strategize position step progression pathophysiology. Revisions guidelines systems care will be needed incorporate innovative treatments evidence emerges they become mainstream. generation well-positioned address devastating disabling impact traumatic events through holistic, cutting-edge efforts research.

Language: Английский

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State-level macro-economic factors moderate the association of low income with brain structure and mental health in U.S. children

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 2, 2023

Abstract Macrostructural characteristics, such as cost of living and state-level anti-poverty programs relate to the magnitude socioeconomic disparities in brain development mental health. In this study we leveraged data from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) 10,633 9-11 year old youth (5115 female) across 17 states. Lower income was associated with smaller hippocampal volume higher internalizing psychopathology. These associations were stronger states living. However, high that provide more generous cash benefits for low-income families, reduced by 34%, association family resembled lowest We observed similar patterns State-level may be confounded other factors related neurodevelopment robust controls numerous social, economic, political characteristics. findings suggest macrostructural including generosity policies, are potentially relevant addressing relationship low

Language: Английский

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Early Adversity and Development: Parsing Heterogeneity and Identifying Pathways of Risk and Resilience

American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 178(11), P. 998 - 1013

Published: Nov. 1, 2021

Adversity early in life is common and a major risk factor for the onset of psychopathology. Delineating neurodevelopmental pathways by which adversity affects mental health critical identification targeted treatment approaches. A rapidly growing cross-species literature has facilitated advances identifying mechanisms linking with psychopathology, specific dimensions timing-related factors that differentially relate to outcomes, protective buffer against effects adversity. Yet, vast complexity heterogeneity environments trajectories contribute challenges understanding resilience context In this overview, author highlights progress four areas—mechanisms, heterogeneity, developmental timing, factors; synthesizes key challenges; provides recommendations future research can facilitate field. Translation across species ongoing refinement conceptual models have strong potential inform prevention intervention strategies reduce immense burden psychopathology associated

Language: Английский

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Smaller Hippocampal Volume Among Black and Latinx Youth Living in High-Stigma Contexts

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 61(6), P. 809 - 819

Published: Sept. 2, 2021

Language: Английский

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Amygdala-driven apnea and the chemoreceptive origin of anxiety

Biological Psychology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 170, P. 108305 - 108305

Published: March 7, 2022

Although the amygdala plays an important part in pathogenesis of anxiety and generation exteroceptive fear, recent discoveries have challenged directionality this brain-behavior relationship with respect to interoceptive fear. Here we highlight several paradoxical findings including: (1) lesion patients who experience excessive fear panic following inhalation carbon dioxide (CO2), (2) clinically anxious significantly smaller (rather than larger) amygdalae a pronounced hypersensitivity toward CO2, (3) epilepsy exhibit apnea immediately stimulation their yet no awareness that breathing has stopped. The above elucidate entirely novel role for induction inhibition CO2-induced Such is plausible given strong inhibitory connections linking central nucleus respiratory chemoreceptive centers brainstem. Based on anatomical arrangement, propose model Apnea-induced Anxiety (AiA) which predicts recurring episodes are being unconsciously elicited by activation, resulting transient spikes CO2 provoke anxiety, lead characteristic patterns escape avoidance behavior spanning spectrum anxiety. If new conception AiA proves be true, activation can repeatedly trigger states outside one's awareness, then it remains possible chronicity disorders interoceptively driven system struggling maintain homeostasis midst these breathless states.

Language: Английский

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The neurobiological effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function, and attachment

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2024

Abstract Childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for psychopathologies, and influences brain development at specific periods, particularly during early childhood adolescence. This narrative review addresses phenotypic alterations in sensory systems associated with types of exposure, periods vulnerability to the neurobiological effects maltreatment, relationships between structure, function, connectivity, network architecture; psychopathology; resilience. It also maternal communication attachment disturbances, uses laboratory-based measures infancy case–control studies elucidate reactive disorders children histories. Moreover, we on acute oxytocin disorder methylation regulatory genes. Epigenetic changes may play critical role initiating or producing atypical structural functional maltreatment. However, these could be reversed through psychological pharmacological interventions, by anticipating preventing emergence subsequent psychopathological risks.

Language: Английский

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Common and distinct neural underpinnings of the association between childhood maltreatment and depression and aggressive behavior

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Although childhood maltreatment (CM) is widely recognized as a transdiagnostic risk factor for various internalizing and externalizing psychological disorders, the neural basis underlying this association remain unclear. The potential reasons inconsistent findings may be attributed to involvement of both common specific pathways that mediate influence on emergence psychopathological conditions. This study aimed delineate distinct linking depression aggression. First, we employed Network-Based Statistics (NBS) resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data identify connectivity (FC) patterns associated with Mediation analyses were then conducted assess role these FC in relationship between each outcome. results demonstrated within default mode network (DMN) cingulo-opercular (CON) dorsal attention (DAN) mediated aggression, whereas reward system CON link depression. We speculate control serve accounting sequela maltreatment, act respectively.

Language: Английский

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The environment as an important component of neurorehabilitation: introducing the BEEhive - brain and enriched environment (BEE) lab (hive)

Disability and Rehabilitation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 11

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Contemporary healthcare design often overlooks the environment as a resource for supporting patient well-being and rehabilitation, particularly in neurotrauma care. The prioritisation of safety efficiency has created stressful spaces that negatively impact needs. This paper explores whether environmental enrichment can enhance rehabilitation outcomes individuals recovering from neurotrauma. It also introduces BEEhive laboratory, multidisciplinary initiative integrating principles into healthcare. reviews literature on role synthesising empirical evidence its benefits, highlighting potential to improve various aspects neurorehabilitation. findings are applied laboratory's objectives. Environmental is shown stimulate neurogenesis, increase engagement, reduce disruptive behaviours depressive symptoms, facilitate social relationships, cognitive functioning, stress, alleviate boredom. Despite these application remains underexplored. laboratory aims address this gap through collaboration, implementing strategies outcomes. To optimise outcomes, environments must holistically support well-being. Environmentally focused, sustainable interventions care, exemplified by initiative, crucial bridging between research practice, fostering innovative approaches rehabilitation.

Language: Английский

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Suicidal risk is associated with hyper-connections in the frontal-parietal network in patients with depression

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Suicide is a complex behavior strongly associated with depression. Despite extensive research, an objective biomarker for evaluating suicide risk precisely and timely still lacking. Using the precision resting-state fMRI method, we studied 61 depressive patients ideation (SI) or attempt (SA), 35 without SI to explore functional biomarkers of risk. Among them, 21 participants also completed electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatment, allowing examination changes across different states within same individual. Functional networks were localized in each subject using then individualized connectome was constructed represent subject's brain organization. We identified set connections that track (r = 0.41, p 0.001) found these risk-associated hyper-connected frontoparietal network (FPN, 0.008, Cohen's d 0.58) compared those without. Moreover, ECT treatment significantly reduced (p 0.001, 0.56) normalized FPN hyper-connections. These findings suggest involving may constitute important provide potential targets interventions such as non-invasive stimulation.

Language: Английский

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