Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(12), P. 2749 - 2749

Published: June 14, 2023

The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy and high-fructose products. present review aims to describe the effect on metabolism, inflammation, antioxidant status; impact gut microbiota mitochondrial fitness; cardiovascular health, mental cancer; sanitary cost diet. To achieve this goal, consensus critical was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, secondary including bibliographic indexes, databases, web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, Web were used complete assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords “Western diet”, “inflammation”, “metabolic health”, fitness”, “heart disease”, “cancer”, “oxidative stress”, “mental “metabolism” used. following exclusion criteria applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane review’s focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings conferences, unpublished studies. This information will allow for better comprehension nutritional behavior its an individual’s metabolism well national systems. Finally, practical applications derived from are made.

Language: Английский

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The intestinal barrier in disorders of the central nervous system

˜The œLancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 66 - 80

Published: Nov. 2, 2022

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiome–Brain Alliance: A Landscape View into Mental and Gastrointestinal Health and Disorders

ACS Chemical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 1717 - 1763

Published: May 8, 2023

Gut microbiota includes a vast collection of microorganisms residing within the gastrointestinal tract. It is broadly recognized that gut and brain are in constant bidirectional communication, which its metabolic production major component, form so-called microbiome–brain axis. Disturbances homeostasis caused by imbalance their functional composition activities, known as dysbiosis, cause dysregulation these pathways trigger changes blood–brain barrier permeability, thereby causing pathological malfunctions, including neurological disorders. In turn, can affect structure function through autonomic nervous system regulating motility, intestinal transit secretion, permeability. Here, we examine data from CAS Content Collection, largest published scientific information, analyze publication landscape recent research. We review advances knowledge related to human microbiome, complexity functionality, communication with central system, effect axis on mental health. discuss correlations between various diseases, specifically also explore metabolites regard impact associated diseases. Finally, assess clinical applications gut-microbiota-related substances development pipelines. hope this serve useful resource understanding current emerging field an effort further solving remaining challenges fulfilling potential.

Language: Английский

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Gut liver brain axis in diseases: the implications for therapeutic interventions

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Dec. 6, 2023

Gut-liver-brain axis is a three-way highway of information interaction system among the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and nervous systems. In past few decades, breakthrough progress has been made in gut liver brain axis, mainly through understanding its formation mechanism increasing treatment strategies. this review, we discuss various complex networks including barrier permeability, hormones, microbial metabolites, vagus nerve, neurotransmitters, immunity, toxic β-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism, epigenetic regulation gut-liver-brain axis. Some therapies containing antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), polyphenols, low FODMAP diet nanotechnology application regulate Besides, some special treatments targeting gut-liver include farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, takeda G protein-coupled 5 (TGR5) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) antagonists fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) analogs. Targeting gut-brain embraces cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), antidepressants tryptophan metabolism-related therapies. liver-brain contains Aβ future, better interactions will promote development novel preventative strategies discovery precise therapeutic targets multiple diseases.

Language: Английский

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Acne, Microbiome, and Probiotics: The Gut–Skin Axis

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1303 - 1303

Published: June 27, 2022

The objective of this narrative review was to check the influence human microbiota in pathogenesis acne and how treatment with probiotics as adjuvant or alternative therapy affects evolution vulgaris. Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving pilosebaceous units. complex multifactorial genetic, metabolic, hormonal factors which both gut are implicated. Numerous studies have shown bidirectionality between intestinal homeostasis, communication mainly established by modifying immune system. Increased data on mechanisms action regarding relevance Cutibacterium acnes, well importance gut-skin axis, becoming known. Diverse varied vitro potential beneficial effects context. Clinical trials topical oral scarce, although they positive results, especially through modulation microbiota, generating an anti-inflammatory response restoring integrity, metabolic pathways insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1). Given aggressiveness some standard treatments, should continue be investigated therapy.

Language: Английский

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The immunomodulatory mechanisms for acupuncture practice

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 6, 2023

The system physiology approaches that emerge in western countries recent years echo the holistic view of ancient Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practices deal with root, rather than only symptoms diseases. Particularly, TCM practices, including acupuncture, emphasize mobilization self-healing mechanisms to bring back body homeostasis. Acupuncture has been practiced for over two thousand modulate via stimulation at specific regions (acupoints). With development various research on acupuncture therapy, its regulatory effect immune gradually recognized, especially immunological diseases, infectious and allergic In this study, we reviewed immunomodulatory mechanism systematically integrates existing respectively elucidate modulatory innate system, adaptive well-known neuroanatomical mechanisms, intact somatosensory-autonomic reflex pathway. advances made systems studies, now have a great opportunity gain insight into how modulates immunity, subsequently improves efficacy.

Language: Английский

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Photo-neuro-immuno-endocrinology: How the ultraviolet radiation regulates the body, brain, and immune system

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(14)

Published: March 15, 2024

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is primarily recognized for its detrimental effects such as cancerogenesis, skin aging, eye damage, and autoimmune disorders. With exception of ultraviolet B (UVB) requirement in the production vitamin D3, positive role UVR modulation homeostasis underappreciated. Skin exposure to triggers local responses secondary induction chemical, hormonal, immune, neural signals that are defined by chromophores extent penetration into compartments. These not random coordinated cutaneous neuro-immuno-endocrine system, which counteracts action external stressors accommodates changing environment. The induces electrical, biological be sent brain, endocrine immune systems, well other central organs, concert regulate body homeostasis. To achieve homeostatic goal, UVR-induced precisely computed locally with transmission through nerves or humoral release circulation activate and/or modulate coordinating centers organs. Such modulatory will dependent on UVA UVB wavelengths. This leads immunosuppression, activation brain centers, modification different organ functions. Therefore, it imperative understand underlying mechanisms electromagnetic energy deep body, impact internal Photo-neuro-immuno-endocrinology can offer novel therapeutic approaches addiction mood disorders; autoimmune, neurodegenerative, chronic pain-generating pathologies involving endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, reproductive systems.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Ellagitannins and Their Metabolites through Gut Microbiome on the Gut Health and Brain Wellness within the Gut–Brain Axis

Foods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 270 - 270

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Ellagitannins (ETs) are a large group of bioactive compounds found in plant-source foods, such as pomegranates, berries, and nuts. The consumption ETs has often been associated with positive effects on many pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative syndromes, cancer. Although multiple biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive) have discussed for ETs, their limited bioavailability prevents reaching significant concentrations systemic circulation. Instead, urolithins, ET gut microbiota-derived metabolites, better absorbed could be the molecules responsible antioxidant anti-inflammatory or anti-tumor cell progression. In this review, we examined dietary sources, metabolism, analyzed last recent findings ellagic acid, intestinal brain activities, potential mechanisms action, connection between microbiota metabolism consequences detected gut–brain axis. current vitro, vivo, clinical studies indicate that ET-rich individual microbiomes, urolithin types modulate signaling pathways promote beneficial health effects. A understanding role these metabolites disease pathogenesis may assist prevention treatment pathologies targeting

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Gut–Brain Axis and Its Therapeutic Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(21), P. 4631 - 4631

Published: Oct. 31, 2023

The gut–brain axis (GBA) is a complex bidirectional communication network connecting the gut and brain. It involves neural, immune, endocrine pathways between gastrointestinal (GI) tract central nervous system (CNS). Perturbations of GBA have been reported in many neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), among others, suggesting possible role pathogenesis. microbiota pivotal component GBA, alterations its composition, known dysbiosis, associated with dysfunction neurodegeneration. might influence homeostasis CNS by modulating immune and, more directly, regulating production molecules metabolites that systems, making it potential therapeutic target. Preclinical trials manipulating microbial composition through dietary intervention, probiotic prebiotic supplementation, fecal transplantation (FMT) provided promising outcomes. However, clear mechanism not well understood, results are always consistent. Here, we provide an overview major components approaches targeting to ameliorate NDDs.

Language: Английский

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Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in Children

PEDIATRICS, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 153(3)

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant medical, social, and economic impacts globally, both in the short long term. Although most individuals recover within a few days or weeks from an acute infection, some experience longer lasting effects. Data regarding postacute sequelae of severe respiratory syndrome 2 infection (PASC) children, COVID, are only just emerging literature. These symptoms conditions may reflect persistent (eg, cough, headaches, fatigue, loss taste smell), new like dizziness, exacerbation underlying conditions. Children develop de novo, including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue autoimmune multisystem inflammatory children. This state-of-the-art narrative review provides summary our current knowledge about PASC prevalence, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical characteristics, mechanisms, functional outcomes, as well conceptual framework for based on National Institutes Health definition. We highlight pediatric components Health-funded Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery Initiative, which seeks characterize natural history, long-term health effects children young adults inform future treatment prevention efforts. initiatives include electronic record cohorts, offer rapid assessments at scale with geographical demographic diversity, longitudinal prospective observational estimate burden, illness trajectory, pathobiology, manifestations outcomes.

Language: Английский

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