Stem Cell Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Achievements and Challenges

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 16, P. 2089 - 2119

Published: May 1, 2023

Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases the gastrointestinal tract. Repeated inflammation can lead to complications, such as intestinal fistula, obstruction, perforation, bleeding. Unfortunately, achieving durable remission mucosal healing (MH) with current treatments difficult. Stem cells (SCs) have potential modulate immunity, suppress inflammation, anti-apoptotic pro-angiogenic effects, making them an ideal therapeutic strategy target damage in IBD. In recent years, hematopoietic stem (HSCs) adult mesenchymal (MSCs) shown efficacy treating addition, numerous clinical trials evaluated efficiency MSCs disease. This review summarizes research progress on safety SC-based therapy for IBD both preclinical models trials. We discuss mechanisms SC therapy, tissue repair, paracrine promotion angiogenesis, immune regulation, anti-inflammatory effects. also summarize engineering strategies aimed at enhancing immunosuppressive regenerative capabilities SCs diseases. Additionally, we highlight limitations future perspectives SC-related Graphic Keywords: cells, stromal HSCs, immunosuppression, disease, colitis,

Language: Английский

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Decoding Aging Hallmarks at the Single-Cell Level

Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 129 - 152

Published: April 26, 2023

Organismal aging exhibits wide-ranging hallmarks in divergent cell types across tissues, organs, and systems. The advancement of single-cell technologies generation rich datasets have afforded the scientific community opportunity to decode these at an unprecedented scope resolution. In this review, we describe technological advancements bioinformatic methodologies enabling data interpretation cellular level. Then, outline application such for decoding potential intervention targets summarize common themes context-specific molecular features representative organ systems body. Finally, provide a brief summary available databases relevant research present outlook on opportunities emerging field.

Language: Английский

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Hypoxia and Intestinal Inflammation: Common Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2425 - 2425

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

The gastrointestinal tract (GI) has a unique oxygenation profile. It should be noted that the state of hypoxia can characteristic both normal and pathological conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) play key role in mediating response to hypoxia, they are tightly regulated by group enzymes called HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHD). In this review, we discuss involvement inflammation signaling pathways pathogenesis inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) elaborate detail on multiple immune reactions during intestinal inflammation. We emphasize critical influence tissue microenvironment highlight existence overlapping functions responses mediated same molecular mechanisms. Finally, also provide an update development corresponding therapeutic approaches would useful for treatment or prophylaxis disease.

Language: Английский

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Notoginsenoside R1 promotes Lgr5+ stem cell and epithelium renovation in colitis mice via activating Wnt/β-Catenin signaling

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(7), P. 1451 - 1465

Published: March 15, 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by persistent damage to the intestinal barrier and excessive inflammation, leading increased permeability. Current treatments of IBD primarily address neglecting epithelial repair. Our previous study has reported therapeutic potential notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), a characteristic saponin from root Panax notoginseng, in alleviating acute colitis reducing mucosal inflammation. In this we investigated reparative effects NGR1 on after injury stage DSS exposure. DSS-induced mice were orally treated with (25, 50, 125 mg·kg

Language: Английский

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Viral infection disrupts intestinal homeostasis via Sting-dependent NF-κB signaling in Drosophila

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(13), P. 2785 - 2800.e7

Published: May 31, 2024

Host-microbe interactions influence intestinal stem cell (ISC) activity to modulate epithelial turnover and composition. Here, we investigated the functional impacts of viral infection on homeostasis mechanisms by which alters ISC activity. We report that Drosophila A virus (DAV) disrupts in inducing sustained proliferation, resulting dysplasia, loss gut barrier function, reduced lifespan. found additional viruses common laboratory-reared also promote proliferation. The mechanism DAV-induced proliferation involves progenitor-autonomous epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) enterocytes, requires Sting-dependent nuclear κB (NF-κB) (Relish) further demonstrate activating Sting-Relish signaling is sufficient induce reduce lifespan absence infection. Our results reveal can significantly disrupt physiology, highlight a novel role for support aging.

Language: Английский

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Single‐cell RNA sequencing in Drosophila: Technologies and applications

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(5)

Published: Sept. 16, 2020

Abstract Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating cell states and functions at the single‐cell level. It greatly revolutionized transcriptomic studies in many life science research fields, such neurobiology, immunology, developmental biology. With fast development of both experimental platforms bioinformatics approaches over past decade, scRNA‐seq is becoming economically feasible experimentally practical biomedical laboratories. Drosophila served an excellent model organism dissecting cellular molecular mechanisms that underlie tissue development, adult function, disease, aging. The recent application methods to tissues led number exciting discoveries. In this review, I will provide summary , focusing on technical biological applications. also discuss current challenges future opportunities making new discoveries using . This article categorized under: Technologies > Analysis Transcriptome

Language: Английский

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Thymus involution sets the clock of the aging T-cell landscape: Implications for declined immunity and tissue repair

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 65, P. 101231 - 101231

Published: Nov. 25, 2020

Aging is generally characterized as a gradual increase in tissue damage, which associated with senescence and chronic systemic inflammation evident variety of age-related diseases. The extent to such damage result decline immune regulation, consequently compromises the capacity body repair damages, has not been fully explored. Whereas CD4 T lymphocytes play critical role orchestration immunity, thymus involution initiates changes T-cell landscape, may significantly compromise repair. In this review, we describe lifespan accumulation specific dysregulated subsets their coevolution process declined immunity age. Then, discuss involution—which appears be most pronounced around puberty—as possible driver aging landscape. Finally, identify individualized cell-based early diagnostic biomarkers therapeutic strategies for

Language: Английский

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Applications of human organoids in the personalized treatment for digestive diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Sept. 27, 2022

Abstract Digestive system diseases arise primarily through the interplay of genetic and environmental influences; there is an urgent need in elucidating pathogenic mechanisms these deploy personalized treatments. Traditional long-established model systems rarely reproduce either tissue complexity or human physiology faithfully; shortcomings underscore for better models. Organoids represent a promising research model, helping us gain more profound understanding digestive organs; this can also be used to provide patients with precise individualized treatment build rapid vitro test models drug screening gene/cell therapy, linking basic clinical treatment. Over past few decades, use organoids has led advanced composition each organ facilitated disease modeling, chemotherapy dose prediction, CRISPR-Cas9 intervention, high-throughput screening, identification SARS-CoV-2 targets, infection. However, existing mainly include epithelial system. In order reveal mechanism diseases, it necessary establish completer physiological organoid model. Combining techniques treatments different formulations approach that requires further exploration. This review highlights advancements field technology from perspectives modeling therapy.

Language: Английский

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Recognition of commensal bacterial peptidoglycans defines Drosophila gut homeostasis and lifespan

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. e1010709 - e1010709

Published: April 6, 2023

Commensal microbes in animals have a profound impact on tissue homeostasis, stress resistance, and ageing. We previously showed Drosophila melanogaster that Acetobacter persici is member of the gut microbiota promotes ageing shortens fly lifespan. However, molecular mechanism by which this specific bacterial species changes lifespan physiology remains unclear. The difficulty studying longevity using gnotobiotic flies high risk contamination during To overcome technical challenge, we used bacteria-conditioned diet enriched with products cell wall components. Here, demonstrate an A . -conditioned increases intestinal stem (ISC) proliferation. Feeding adult conditioned , but not Lactiplantibacillus plantarum can decrease increase resistance to paraquat or oral infection Pseudomonas entomophila indicating bacterium alters trade-off between host defence. transcriptomic analysis intestine revealed preferably induces antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), while L upregulates amidase peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs). induction these Imd target genes peptidoglycans from two due stimulation receptor PGRP-LC anterior midgut for AMPs PGRP-LE posterior PGRPs. Heat-killed also ISC proliferation via PGRP-LC, it sufficient alter resistance. Our study emphasizes significance specificity determining healthspan. It unveils postbiotic effect species, turns into "live fast, die young" lifestyle.

Language: Английский

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Recent trends in insect gut immunity

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

The gut is a crucial organ in insect defense against various pathogens and harmful substances their environment diet. Distinct compartments possess unique functionalities contributing to physiological processes, including immunity. gut’s cellular composition vital for humoral peritrophic membrane, mucus layer, lumen, microvilli, cells provide essential support activating regulating immune mechanisms. These components also secrete molecules enzymes that are imperative activities. Additionally, the microbiota initiates signaling pathways produces vitamins minerals help maintain homeostasis. activated within when insects ingest or hazardous materials. pathway induced depends on infection pathogen type; include deficiency (imd), Toll, JAK/STAT, Duox-ROS, JNK/FOXO regulatory pathways. produce different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) Furthermore, mechanisms regulate recovery following infection. Although some questions regarding immunity species require additional study, this review provides insights into structure composition, commensal microorganism roles Drosophila melanogaster Tenebrio molitor life cycles, involved systems, post-infection through

Language: Английский

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