Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
9(18)
Published: April 24, 2022
Obesity
and
associated
diseases,
such
as
diabetes,
have
reached
epidemic
proportions
globally.
In
this
era
of
"diabesity",
white
adipose
tissue
(WAT)
has
become
a
target
high
interest
for
therapeutic
strategies.
To
gain
insights
into
mechanisms
(patho-)physiology,
researchers
traditionally
relied
on
animal
models.
Leveraging
Organ-on-Chip
technology,
microphysiological
in
vitro
model
human
WAT
is
introduced:
tailored
microfluidic
platform
featuring
vasculature-like
perfusion
that
integrates
3D
tissues
comprising
all
major
WAT-associated
cellular
components
(mature
adipocytes,
organotypic
endothelial
barriers,
stromovascular
cells
including
macrophages)
an
autologous
manner
recapitulates
pivotal
functions,
energy
storage
mobilization
well
endocrine
immunomodulatory
activities.
A
precisely
controllable
bottom-up
approach
enables
the
generation
multitude
replicates
per
donor
circumventing
inter-donor
variability
issues
paving
way
personalized
medicine.
Moreover,
it
allows
to
adjust
model's
degree
complexity
via
flexible
mix-and-match
approach.
This
WAT-on-Chip
system
constitutes
first
human-based,
autologous,
immunocompetent
almost
full
heterogeneity
can
powerful
tool
human-relevant
research
field
metabolism
its
diseases
compound
testing
personalized-
precision
medicine
applications.
New England Journal of Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
386(8), P. 768 - 779
Published: Feb. 23, 2022
Adipose
tissue
can
more
than
double
in
mass
and
then
return
to
baseline.
This
review
discusses
the
functional
roles
of
human
white
brown
adipose
its
excess
obesity,
as
well
far-reaching,
complementary
physiological
endocrine
system.
Angiogenesis,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
25(4), P. 439 - 453
Published: July 20, 2022
Abstract
While
most
tissues
exhibit
their
greatest
growth
during
development,
adipose
tissue
is
capable
of
additional
massive
expansion
in
adults.
Adipose
expandability
advantageous
when
temporarily
storing
fuel
for
use
fasting,
but
becomes
pathological
upon
continuous
food
intake,
leading
to
obesity
and
its
many
comorbidities.
The
dense
vasculature
provides
necessary
oxygen
nutrients,
supports
delivery
from
adipocytes
under
fed
or
fasting
conditions.
Moreover,
the
comprises
a
major
niche
multipotent
progenitor
cells,
which
give
rise
new
are
repair.
Given
multiple,
pivotal
roles
vasculature,
impairments
angiogenic
capacity
may
underlie
obesity-associated
diseases
such
as
diabetes
cardiometabolic
disease.
Exciting
studies
on
single-cell
single-nuclei
composition
mouse
humans
providing
insights
into
mechanisms
angiogenesis.
modes
intercellular
communication
involving
micro
vesicle
exosome
transfer
proteins,
nucleic
acids
organelles
also
being
recognized
play
key
roles.
This
review
focuses
cellular
signaling
underlying
angiogenesis,
impact
pathophysiological
consequences.
Life,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(7), P. 856 - 856
Published: July 8, 2024
Obesity
is
an
important
condition
affecting
the
quality
of
life
numerous
patients
and
increasing
their
associated
risk
for
multiple
diseases,
including
tumors
immune-mediated
disorders.
Inflammation
appears
to
play
a
major
role
in
development
obesity
represents
central
point
activity
cellular
humoral
components
adipose
tissue.
Macrophages
key
as
main
component
tissue
regulating
chronic
inflammation
modulating
secretion
differentiation
various
pro-
anti-inflammatory
cytokines.
also
involves
series
signaling
pathways
that
might
represent
focus
new
therapies
interventions.
Weight
loss
essential
decreasing
cardiometabolic
risks
degree
inflammation;
however,
latter
can
persist
long
after
excess
weight
lost,
involve
changes
macrophage
phenotypes
ensure
metabolic
adjustment.
A
clear
understanding
pathophysiological
processes
interplay
between
lead
better
comorbidities
may
future
targets
treatment
obesity.
Journal of clinical lipidology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18(3), P. e320 - e350
Published: April 24, 2024
BACKGROUNDThis
joint
expert
review
by
the
Obesity
Medicine
Association
(OMA)
and
National
Lipid
(NLA)
provides
clinicians
an
overview
of
pathophysiologic
clinical
considerations
regarding
obesity,
dyslipidemia,
cardiovascular
disease
(CVD)
risk.METHODSThis
is
based
upon
scientific
evidence,
perspectives
authors,
peer
OMA
NLA
leadership.RESULTSAmong
individuals
with
adipose
tissue
may
store
over
50%
total
body
free
cholesterol.
Triglycerides
represent
up
to
99%
lipid
species
in
tissue.
The
potential
for
expansion
accounts
greatest
weight
variance
among
most
individuals,
percent
fat
ranging
from
less
than
5%
60%.
While
population
studies
suggest
a
modest
increase
blood
low-density
lipoprotein
cholesterol
(LDL-C)
levels
excess
adiposity,
adiposopathic
dyslipidemia
pattern
often
described
adiposity
includes
elevated
triglycerides,
reduced
high
density
(HDL-C),
increased
non-HDL-C,
apolipoprotein
B,
LDL
particle
concentration,
small,
dense
particles.CONCLUSIONSObesity
increases
CVD
risk,
at
least
partially
due
promotion
adiposopathic,
atherogenic
profile.
also
worsens
other
cardiometabolic
risk
factors.
Among
patients
interventions
that
reduce
improve
outcomes
are
generally
associated
improved
levels.
Given
improvement
LDL-C
reduction
overweight
or
early
treat
both
(LDL-C
and/or
non-HDL-C)
priorities
reducing
CVD.
This
risk.
leadership.
particles.
Science Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(94)
Published: April 12, 2024
Resident
tissue
macrophages
(RTMs)
encompass
a
highly
diverse
set
of
cells
abundantly
present
in
every
and
organ.
RTMs
are
recognized
as
central
players
innate
immune
responses,
more
recently
their
importance
beyond
host
defense
has
started
to
be
highlighted.
Despite
sharing
universal
name
several
canonical
markers,
perform
remarkably
specialized
activities
tailored
sustain
critical
homeostatic
functions
the
organs
they
reside
in.
These
can
mediate
neuronal
communication,
participate
metabolic
pathways,
secrete
growth
factors.
In
this
Review,
we
summarize
how
division
labor
among
different
RTM
subsets
helps
support
homeostasis.
We
discuss
local
microenvironment
influences
development
RTMs,
molecular
processes
support,
dysregulation
lead
disease.
Last,
highlight
both
similarities
tissue-specific
distinctions
key
subsets,
aiming
coalesce
recent
classifications
perspectives
into
unified
view.
Obesity Pillars,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10, P. 100108 - 100108
Published: March 12, 2024
This
joint
expert
review
by
the
Obesity
Medicine
Association
(OMA)
and
National
Lipid
(NLA)
provides
clinicians
an
overview
of
pathophysiologic
clinical
considerations
regarding
obesity,
dyslipidemia,
cardiovascular
disease
(CVD)
risk.
is
based
upon
scientific
evidence,
perspectives
authors,
peer
OMA
NLA
leadership.
Among
individuals
with
adipose
tissue
may
store
over
50%
total
body
free
cholesterol.
Triglycerides
represent
up
to
99%
lipid
species
in
tissue.
The
potential
for
expansion
accounts
greatest
weight
variance
among
most
individuals,
percent
fat
ranging
from
less
than
5%
60%.
While
population
studies
suggest
a
modest
increase
blood
low-density
lipoprotein
cholesterol
(LDL-C)
levels
excess
adiposity,
adiposopathic
dyslipidemia
pattern
often
described
adiposity
includes
elevated
triglycerides,
reduced
high
density
(HDL-C),
increased
non-HDL-C,
apolipoprotein
B,
LDL
particle
concentration,
small,
dense
particles.
increases
CVD
risk,
at
least
partially
due
promotion
adiposopathic,
atherogenic
profile.
also
worsens
other
cardiometabolic
risk
factors.
patients
interventions
that
reduce
improve
outcomes
are
generally
associated
improved
levels.
Given
improvement
LDL-C
reduction
overweight
or
early
treat
both
(LDL-C
and/or
non-HDL-C)
priorities
reducing
CVD.
