SENSATION AND PERCEPTION

Published: Aug. 13, 2021

This chapter focuses on the nature of sensation and perception. Many classifications sensory systems exist, distinctions are made between five modalities: vision, audition, olfaction, gustation, somasthesis. The study perception involves not only anatomy physiology but also behavioral measures Psychophysical data obtained from tasks in which observers asked to detect, discriminate, rate, or recognize stimuli provide information about how properties relate what is perceived acted on. must be interpreted organized by higher-level processes, include mental representations, decision making, inference. Signal detection methods powerful tools for investigating basic applied problems involving sensation, many other areas an observer's response based probabilistic information, such as visual inspection X-ray images passenger baggage modeling user behavior toward phishing attacks.

Language: Английский

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Combination Effect of Outdoor Activity and Screen Exposure on Risk of Preschool Myopia: Findings From Longhua Child Cohort Study

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: March 5, 2021

Evidence regarding screen use and outdoor activity during very early childhood (i. e., from aged 1 to 3 years) their potential combined links the later preschool myopia is limited. This information needed release effective public health messages propose intervention strategies against myopia. We collected use, kindergartens vision screenings of 26,611 preschoolers Longhua Child Cohort Study by questionnaires. Logistic regression models were used examine associations between reported activity, years age, Throughout childhood, years, proportion children exposed screens increased (from 35.8 68.4%, p < 0.001), whereas who went outdoors ≥7 times/week (67.4–62.1%, 0.001) for ≥60 min/time (53.3–38.0%, declined. Exposure fixed devices [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.09–3.44], mobile (AOR 2.76, CI 2.15–3.58), limited 1.87, 1.42–2.51) associated with Among whose parents myopic, interactions or on significant; ORs 3.34 (1.19–9.98) 3.04 (1.06–9.21), respectively. Our findings suggest possibility that impact exposure could be diminished have

Language: Английский

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Modeling the enigma of complex disease etiology

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 25, 2023

Abstract Background Complex diseases often present as a diagnosis riddle, further complicated by the combination of multiple phenotypes and features other diseases. With aim enhancing determination key etiological factors, we developed tested complex disease model that encompasses diverse factors in result This was to address challenges classifying given evolving nature understanding interaction contributions genetic, environmental, social factors. Methods Here new approach for modeling integrates contributing epigenetic, host pathogenic effects causing disease. The provide guide capturing mechanisms Assessment drivers asthma, diabetes fetal alcohol syndrome model. Results We detailed rationale representing classification using three test conditions syndrome. Model assessment resulted reassessment classifications identified driving thus improving is robust flexible capture information improves. Conclusions Human Disease Ontology’s offers mechanism defining more accurate tool precise clinical diagnosis. broader representation disease, therefore, has implications clinicians researchers who are tasked with creating evidence-based consensus-based recommendations public health tracking facilitates comparison between complex, common rare available at Ontology website.

Language: Английский

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Effect of red‐light therapy on retinal and choroidal blood perfusion in myopic children

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(6), P. 1427 - 1437

Published: July 10, 2023

To investigate the effect of repeated low-level red-light therapy (RLRLT) on retinal and choroidal blood perfusion in myopic children.Forty-seven children (mean spherical equivalent refractive error [SE]: -2.31 ± 1.26 D; age range: 8.0-11.0 years) were enrolled received RLRLT (power 2 mW, wavelength 650 nm) for 3 min twice a day, while 20 (SE: -2.75 0.84 7.0-10.0 included as control group. All participants wore single-vision distance glasses. Refractive error, axial length (AL) other biometric parameters measured at baseline during follow-up visits first, second fourth weeks after initiation treatment. Retinal thickness, subfoveal thickness (SFCT), total area (TCA), luminal (LA), stromal (SA) vascularity index (CVI) obtained using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The percentage vascular density (VD%) choriocapillaris flow voids (FV%) en-face OCT angiography.After 4 treatment, significant increase SFCT was observed group, with an average 14.5 μm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.6-19.5 μm), compared decrease -1.7 CI: -9.1 to 5.7 μm) group (p < 0.0001). However, no changes or VD% either (all p > 0.05). In images from abnormal morphology related photodamage observed. horizontal scans revealed TCA, LA CVI over time 0.05), SA FV% remained unchanged (both 0.05).These findings indicate that can enhance children, demonstrating cumulative time.

Language: Английский

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Lipid nanoparticles for gene therapy in ocular diseases

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 75 - 82

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

Language: Английский

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Nutritional intake, environmental factors, and their impact on myopia prevalence in Korean children aged 5–12 years

Journal of Health Population and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Abstract Background Myopia is a complex condition influenced by numerous factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental and lifestyle choices. Although evidence indicates that certain dietary factors may influence the development of myopia, this relationship still not completely understood topic ongoing research. Methods This study analyzed between habits, prevalence myopia in sample 24,345 children aged 5–12 years from seventh Korea National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII). The average daily intake nutrients associated with refractive error status participants was using analysis variance (GLM) Scheffe method for post-hoc comparison. Multiple logistic regression conducted participant’s nutrient intake, while taking into consideration age, sex, BMI, parental near-work hours. Results risk increased especially notable ages 11 12, higher both parents having myopia. Dietary played crucial role; had significantly lower fat, omega-3 fatty acids, retinol but other compared to emmetropic hyperopic counterparts. High consumption carbohydrates, protein, phosphorus, iron, potassium, sodium risk. particularly 2.05-fold Conclusions highlights significant role diet choices children. Our findings suggest importance considering these specific management prevention strategies underscoring need targeted interventions children's health vision care.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Vision Defects on Tooth Shade Selection: A Comparative of Spectrophotometry and Shade Guides in a Cross-Sectional Clinical Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 293 - 293

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Introduction: Tooth shade selection is a fundamental factor in the success of dental restorations, and visual impairment may adversely affect this process. The aim cross-sectional clinical study was to determine whether influences using two methods: spectrophotometry guides. Materials Methods: sample consisted 2796 maxillary mandibular teeth, measured subjectively with guide (VITA Classic, VITA Zahnfabrik) objectively spectrophotometer Easyshade® V, Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany). In all cases, three measurements were taken on each tooth, waiting time 15 min between samples. Shade compared observers normal vision, myopia, astigmatism, hyperopia. Results: results show that myopic subjects perceived lower central incisors (2.63, p < 0.05), upper lateral (2.42, (2.34, canines (2.64, 0.05) more clearly. Non-astigmatic second premolar as lighter than astigmatic (−2.01, 0.05). Conclusions: It can be concluded myopes see teeth clearly, but no differences have been found astigmatism hyperopes.

Language: Английский

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Knowledge, attitudes and practice toward refractive errors management among left-behind children of migrant workers

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Background This study aimed to access knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) regarding refractive errors (RE) management among the left-behind children of migrant workers. Methods cross-sectional was performed by Ophthalmology Department Beijing Jishuitan Hospital between July August, 2023. The KAP scores were assessed using a self-designed questionnaire. Results Analysis 350 questionnaires showed mean 9.21 ± 3.00 (possible range 0–14), 33.23 3.57 9–45), 50.19 5.31 14–70), respectively. Pearson’s correlation analysis positive found knowledge ( r = 0.286, p &lt; 0.001), negative attitude −0.150, 0.005), 0.141, 0.008). Multivariate logistic regression that children’s age (OR 0.748, 95%CI: 0.632–0.885, duration away from parents 0.345, 0.172–0.691, 0.003) RE in 0.405, 0.218–0.753, 0.004) independently associated with knowledge. Relationship child other than grandparent 0.252, 0.064–0.999, 0.050), as well child’s gender (female, OR 1.671, 1.006–2.777, 0.047) sleep per day 8.401, 1.473–47.923, 0.017) practice. In addition, structural equation modeling also impact on β 1.251, 0.001). Conclusion Left-behind workers have mostly sufficient proactive toward management, significantly influenced age, relationship child, living without parents.

Language: Английский

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Features of development and progression of diffuse lamellar keratitis after different types of excimer laser correction of myopia: long-term observation

Archive of Ukrainian Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 193 - 198

Published: Jan. 25, 2025

Background. Thanks to the significant advancements in vision correction, excimer laser surgery has become one of most common methods for treating ametropia. However, like any medical interventions, there are intra- and postoperative complications, including diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK). According M. Moshirfar, K.M. Durnford, A.L. Lewis (2021), its incidence after LASIK procedure is 4.3 %, according P. Sahay R.K. Bafna this figure reaches 18.9 %. With FemtoLASIK, DLK ranges from 0.5 37.5 % or more, data provided by A. Leccisotti S.V. Fields (2021). Kanclerz, R. Khoramnia (2021) reported that risk factors include formation a thin corneal flap implementation FemtoLASIK technology. The purpose was investigate characteristics development progression various types correction myopia over long-term follow-up. Materials methods. research conducted at Department Ophthalmology Shupyk National Healthcare University Ukraine 2021 2024. It prospective, cohort-based, non-interventional study. A total 180 patients (360 eyes) were enrolled divided into two groups. Participants first group (182 underwent LASIK, while second (178 eyes), performed. All dynamic monitoring, visual acuity, biomicroscopy, tonometry, keratopachymetry, other tests detect particularly DLK. frequency clinical course assessed 6 months, 1, 1.5, 2 years surgery. Results. At 1.5-year follow-up, patient observation had grade III eye (0.56 %). By 2-year mark, no signs observed group. In group, found eyes (3.37 %) 1.5 years, remained consistent after. difference between groups statistically (p = 0.01). Conclusions. Our study not follow-up 3.37 which compared LASIK. manifestations didn’t differ all intervals.

Language: Английский

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Association between insufficient sleep and astigmatism in preschool children

European Journal of Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 184(2)

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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