Cannabinoid Receptors in the Central Nervous System: Their Signaling and Roles in Disease DOI Creative Commons
Debra A. Kendall, Guillermo A. Yudowski

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 3, 2017

The identification and cloning of the two major cannabinoid (CB¬1 CB2) receptors together with discovery their endogenous ligands in late 80s early 90s, resulted a effort aimed at understanding mechanisms physiological roles endocannabinoid system (ECS). Due to its expression localization central nervous (CNS), CB1 receptor (endocannabinoids) enzymes involved synthesis degradation, has been implicated multiple pathophysiological events ranging from memory deficits neurodegenerative disorders among others. In this review, we will provide general overview emphasis on health disease. We describe our current complex aspects signaling trafficking, including non-canonical pathways such as those mediated by β-arrestins within context functional selectivity ligand bias. Finally, highlight some which have implicated. Significant knowledge achieved over last 30 years. However, much more research is still needed fully understand system, particularly vivo, unlock true potential source therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

Physiology of Microglia DOI
Helmut Kettenmann,

Uwe‐Karsten Hanisch,

Mami Noda

et al.

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 91(2), P. 461 - 553

Published: April 1, 2011

Microglial cells are the resident macrophages in central nervous system. These of mesodermal/mesenchymal origin migrate into all regions system, disseminate through brain parenchyma, and acquire a specific ramified morphological phenotype termed “resting microglia.” Recent studies indicate that even normal brain, microglia have highly motile processes by which they scan their territorial domains. By large number signaling pathways can communicate with macroglial neurons immune Likewise, microglial express receptors classically described for brain-specific communication such as neurotransmitter those first discovered cell-specific cytokines. considered most susceptible sensors pathology. Upon any detection signs lesions or system dysfunction, undergo complex, multistage activation process converts them “activated cell.” This cell form has capacity to release substances act detrimental beneficial surrounding cells. Activated site injury, proliferate, phagocytose cellular compartments.

Language: Английский

Citations

3211
Cannabinoid Receptors and the Endocannabinoid System: Signaling and Function in the Central Nervous System DOI Open Access

Shenglong Zou,

Ujendra Kumar

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 833 - 833

Published: March 13, 2018

The biological effects of cannabinoids, the major constituents ancient medicinal plant Cannabis sativa (marijuana) are mediated by two members G-protein coupled receptor family, cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1R) and 2. CB1R is prominent subtype in central nervous system (CNS) has drawn great attention as a potential therapeutic avenue several pathological conditions, including neuropsychological disorders neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, cannabinoids also modulate signal transduction pathways exert profound at peripheral sites. Although have potential, their psychoactive largely limited use clinical practice. In this review, we briefly summarized our knowledge endocannabinoid system, focusing on CNS, with emphasis recent breakthroughs field. We aim to define roles modulation signaling association pathophysiological conditions. believe that significance masked adverse here alternative strategies discussed take advantage cannabinoids.

Language: Английский

Citations

1125
An Introduction to the Endogenous Cannabinoid System DOI
Hui‐Chen Lu, Ken Mackie

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 79(7), P. 516 - 525

Published: Nov. 3, 2015

Language: Английский

Citations

1019
Endocannabinoid Signaling and Synaptic Function DOI Creative Commons
Pablo E. Castillo,

Thomas J. Younts,

Andrés E. Chávez

et al.

Neuron, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 76(1), P. 70 - 81

Published: Oct. 1, 2012

Language: Английский

Citations

1012
Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons DOI
Kenneth A. Pelkey, Ramesh Chittajallu, Michael T. Craig

et al.

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 97(4), P. 1619 - 1747

Published: Sept. 28, 2017

In the hippocampus GABAergic local circuit inhibitory interneurons represent only ~10–15% of total neuronal population; however, their remarkable anatomical and physiological diversity allows them to regulate virtually all aspects cellular function. Here we provide an overview current state field interneuron research, focusing largely on hippocampus. We discuss recent advances related various cell types, including development maturation, expression subtype-specific voltage- ligand-gated channels, roles in network oscillations. also technological approaches that have permitted high-resolution, examination numerous neural disorders emerging therapeutic strategies ameliorate such pathophysiological conditions. The ultimate goal this review is not a touchstone for field, but help pave way future research by highlighting where gaps our knowledge exist how complete appreciation will aid strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

776
Effects of Cannabis Use on Human Behavior, Including Cognition, Motivation, and Psychosis: A Review DOI
Nora D. Volkow, James M. Swanson, A. Eden Evins

et al.

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 73(3), P. 292 - 292

Published: Feb. 4, 2016

With a political debate about the potential risks and benefits of cannabis use as backdrop, wave legalization liberalization initiatives continues to spread. Four states (Colorado, Washington, Oregon, Alaska) District Columbia have passed laws that legalized for recreational by adults, 23 others plus now regulate medical purposes. These policy changes could trigger broad range unintended consequences, with profound lasting implications health social systems in our country. Cannabis is emerging one among many interacting factors can affect brain development mental function. To inform discourse scientific evidence, literature was reviewed identify what known not effects on human behavior, including cognition, motivation, psychosis.

Language: Английский

Citations

752
Neurobiological Interactions Between Stress and the Endocannabinoid System DOI Open Access
Maria Morena, Sachin Patel, Jaideep S. Bains

et al.

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 80 - 102

Published: June 12, 2015

Language: Английский

Citations

559
Multiple Functions of Endocannabinoid Signaling in the Brain DOI
István Katona, Tamás F. Freund

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 529 - 558

Published: May 20, 2012

Despite being regarded as a hippie science for decades, cannabinoid research has finally found its well-deserved position in mainstream neuroscience. A series of groundbreaking discoveries revealed that endocannabinoid molecules are widespread and important conventional neurotransmitters such glutamate or GABA, yet they act profoundly unconventional ways. We aim to illustrate how uncovering the molecular, anatomical, physiological characteristics signaling new mechanistic insights into several fundamental phenomena synaptic physiology. First, we summarize unexpected advances molecular complexity biogenesis inactivation two endocannabinoids, anandamide 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Then, show these metabolic routes integrated well-known intracellular pathways. These endocannabinoid-producing signalosomes operate phasic tonic modes, thereby differentially governing homeostatic, short-term, long-term plasticity throughout brain. Finally, discuss cell type- synapse-specific refinement may explain characteristic behavioral effects cannabinoids.

Language: Английский

Citations

557
Mitochondrial CB1 receptors regulate neuronal energy metabolism DOI
Giovanni Bénard, Federico Massa, Nagore Puente

et al.

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 558 - 564

Published: March 4, 2012

Language: Английский

Citations

516
Synopsis of arachidonic acid metabolism: A review DOI Creative Commons

Violette Said Hanna,

Ebtisam Abdel Aziz Hafez

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 23 - 32

Published: March 18, 2018

Arachidonic acid (AA), a 20 carbon chain polyunsaturated fatty with 4 double bonds, is an integral constituent of biological cell membrane, conferring it fluidity and flexibility. The four bonds AA predispose to oxygenation that leads plethora metabolites considerable importance for the proper function immune system, promotion allergies inflammation, resolving mood, appetite. present review presents illustrated synopsis metabolism, corroborating instrumental derivatives health well-being. It provides comprehensive outline on metabolic pathways, enzymes signaling cascades, in order develop new perspectives disease treatment diagnosis.

Language: Английский

Citations

469