Differentiating Fordyce Spots from Their Common Simulators Using Ultraviolet-Induced Fluorescence Dermatoscopy—Retrospective Study

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 985 - 985

Published: March 4, 2023

Fordyce spots (FS) are heterotopic sebaceous glands affecting mostly oral and genital mucosa, commonly misdiagnosed with sexually transmitted infections. In a single-center retrospective study, we aimed to assess the ultraviolet-induced fluorescencedermatoscopy (UVFD) clues of their common clinical simulants: molluscum contagiosum, penile pearly papules, human papillomavirus warts, lichen planus, porokeratosis. Analyzed documentation included patients' medical records (1 September-30 October 2022) photodocumentation, which images as well polarized, non-polarized, UVFD images. Twelve FS patients were in study group fourteen control group. A novel seemingly specific pattern was described: regularly distributed bright dots over yellowish-greenish clods. Even though, majority instances, diagnosis does not require more than naked eye examination, is fast, easy-to-apply, low-cost modality that can further increase diagnostic confidence rule out selected infectious non-infectious differential diagnoses if added conventional dermatoscopic diagnosis.

Language: Английский

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Comparative connectomics reveals noncanonical wiring for color vision in human foveal retina

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(18)

Published: April 25, 2023

The Old World macaque monkey and New common marmoset provide fundamental models for human visual processing, yet the ancestral lineage diverged from these lineages over 25 Mya. We therefore asked whether fine-scale synaptic wiring in nervous system is preserved across three primate families, despite long periods of independent evolution. applied connectomic electron microscopy to specialized foveal retina where circuits highest acuity color vision reside. Synaptic motifs arising cone photoreceptor type sensitive short (S) wavelengths associated with "blue-yellow" (S-ON S-OFF) color-coding circuitry were reconstructed. found that distinctive arises S cones each species. contacted neighboring L M (long- middle-wavelength sensitive) humans, but such contacts rare or absent macaques marmosets. discovered a major S-OFF pathway established its absence Further, S-ON chromatic pathways make excitatory-type types not Our results predict early-stage signals are distinct imply solving connectome at nanoscale level will be critical fully understanding neural basis vision.

Language: Английский

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Photoreceptor contributions to the human pupil light reflex

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15, P. 100178 - 100178

Published: April 2, 2023

The pupil reacts to the amount of light reaching eye. It reduces its size when is high and dilates at low levels allow entrance more photons. This behavior called reflex (PLR). Recent investigations in humans were conducted understand how photoreceptor signals are combined drive reflex. review about physiological processes that govern humans. In particular, cone-opsins, rhodopsin, melanopsin photoreception contribute governing PLR. We also summarize on assessment PLR clinical settings.

Language: Английский

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Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals roles of unique retinal microglia types in early diabetic retinopathy

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

The pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a blinding disease, are intricate. DR was thought to be microvascular disease previously. However, growing studies have indicated that the retinal microglia-induced inflammation precedes microangiopathy. binary concept microglial M1/M2 polarization paradigms during inflammatory activation has been debated. In this study, we confirmed microglia had most significant changes in early using single-cell RNA sequencing. A total five specimens were collected from donor SD rats. Changes various cells retina at stage analyzed sequencing technology. We defined three new subtypes cellular level, including two M1 types (Egr2+ and Egr2- M1) one M2 type. also revealed anatomical location between these subtypes, dynamic phenotypes, possible sequence mutual regulatory mechanism different cells. Furthermore, constructed an network involving microglia, blood-derived macrophages other nonneuronal targeted study disease-specific can shorten time for drug screening clinical application, which provided insight control reversal DR. found show obvious differential expression reveal high-glucose microenvironment level. Our comprehensive analysis will help achieve occurrence progression

Language: Английский

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A pathoconnectome of early neurodegeneration: Network changes in retinal degeneration

Experimental Eye Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 199, P. 108196 - 108196

Published: Aug. 15, 2020

Connectomics has demonstrated that synaptic networks and their topologies are precise directly correlate with physiology behavior. The next extension of connectomics is pathoconnectomics: to map neural network synaptology circuit corrupted by neurological disease in order identify robust targets for therapeutics. In this report, we characterize a pathoconnectome early retinal degeneration. This was generated using serial section transmission electron microscopy achieve an ultrastructural connectome 2.18nm/px resolution accurate identification all chemical gap junctional synapses. We observe aberrant connectivity the rod-network pathway novel connections deriving from neurite sprouting. These observations reveal principles neuron responses loss components can be extended other neurodegenerative diseases.

Language: Английский

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Transmission at rod and cone ribbon synapses in the retina

Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 473(9), P. 1469 - 1491

Published: March 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Are ipRGCs involved in human color vision? Hints from physiology, psychophysics, and natural image statistics

Vision Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 217, P. 108378 - 108378

Published: March 7, 2024

Human photoreceptors consist of cones, rods, and melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). First studied in circadian regulation pupillary control, ipRGCs project to a variety brain centers suggesting broader involvement beyond non-visual functions. IpRGC responses are stable, long-lasting, with particular codification photoreceptor signals. In comparison the transient adaptive nature cone rod signals, ipRGCs' signaling might provide an ecological advantage different attributes color vision. Previous studies have indicated melanopsin's influence on visual yet its contribution perception humans remains debated. We summarized evidence hypotheses (from physiology, psychophysics, natural image statistics) about direct indirect human vision, by first briefly assessing current knowledge role melanopsin vision spectral then approached question activation eliciting percept, discussing using silent substitution method. Finally, we explore various avenues through which impact indirectly, such as peripheral matching, post-receptoral pathways, constancy, long-term chromatic adaptation, induction. While there is consensus brightness perception, confirming requires further investigation. proposed potential approaches for future research, emphasizing need empirical validation methodological thoroughness elucidate exact

Language: Английский

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Reconfigurable Homojunction Phototransistor for Near-Zero Power Consumption Artificial Biomimetic Retina Function

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(43), P. 29968 - 29977

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Semiconductor photodetectors integrating preliminary signal-processing functions play a vital role in artificial biomimetic retina systems. Herein, we propose tungsten diselenide (WSe2) phototransistor with dual-layer gate dielectric and an asymmetric graphene insert structure. This exhibits bidirectional self-powered photocurrent by controlling the voltage via formation of reconfigurable p+–p n–p homojunctions channel from insert. At same time, nonvolatile electron hole stored are generated using temporary voltage, which can replace to regulate charge. Moreover, shows linear relation programming voltage. The rectification ratio >4 orders magnitude without indicating its significant capability operate fully mode near-zero power consumption. Based on device characteristics, successfully simulate biological photoreceptor layer bipolar cell retinal receptive field. identification object motion direction field be realized three programmable devices chip. Furthermore, edge enhancement image is achieved independently modulating light response each pixel sensor varying study will promote developing progress future

Language: Английский

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Lipid Landscape of the Human Retina and Supporting Tissues Revealed by High-Resolution Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(12), P. 2426 - 2436

Published: July 6, 2020

The human retina provides vision at light levels ranging from starlight to sunlight. Its supporting tissues regulate plasma-delivered lipophilic essentials for vision, including retinoids. macula is an anatomic specialization high-acuity and color that also vulnerable prevalent blinding diseases. retina's exquisite architecture comprises numerous cell types are aligned horizontally, yielding structurally distinct cell, synaptic, vascular layers visible in histology diagnostic clinical imaging. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) now capable of uniting low micrometer spatial resolution with high chemical specificity. In this study, a multimodal approach fortified accurate multi-image registration was used localize lipids tissue laminar, cellular, subcellular levels. Multimodal results indicate differences distributions abundances lipid species across within single types. Of note localizations signals specific the macula. For example, phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylinositol were localized central RPE cells, whereas plasmalogen cells perifoveal Henle fiber layer. Subcellular compartments photoreceptors distinguished by PE(20:0_22:5) outer nuclear layer, PE(18:0_22:6) inner segments, cardiolipin CL(70:5) mitochondria-rich segments. Several lipids, differing double bond, have markedly different between fovea ganglion layers. A atlas, initiated can serve as reference database future examination diseased tissues.

Language: Английский

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Extensive cone-dependent spectral opponency within a discrete zone of the lateral geniculate nucleus supporting mouse color vision

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(15), P. 3391 - 3400.e4

Published: June 9, 2021

Color vision, originating with opponent processing of spectrally distinct photoreceptor signals, plays important roles in animal behavior.1Price T.D. Sensory drive, color, and color vision.Am. Nat. 2017; 190: 157-170Crossref PubMed Scopus (32) Google Scholar, 2Spitschan M. Lucas R.J. Brown T.M. Chromatic clocks: opponency non-image-forming visual function.Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 78: 24-33Crossref (23) 3Baden T. Osorio D. The retinal basis vertebrate vision.Annu. Vis. Sci. 2019; 5: 177-200Crossref (24) 4Thoreson W.B. Dacey D.M. Diverse cell types, circuits, mechanisms for vision the retina.Physiol. 99: 1527-1573Crossref (35) Scholar Surprisingly, however, comparatively little is understood about brain, including widely used laboratory mammals such as mice. gradient S- M-cone opsin (co-)expression has traditionally been considered an impediment to mouse vision.5Applebury M.L. Antoch M.P. Baxter L.C. Chun L.L. Falk J.D. Farhangfar F. Kage K. Krzystolik M.G. Lyass L.A. Robbins J.T. murine cone photoreceptor: a single type expresses both S M opsins spatial patterning.Neuron. 2000; 27: 513-523Abstract Full Text PDF 6Baden Schubert Chang L. Wei Zaichuk Wissinger B. Euler A tale two domains: near-optimal sampling achromatic contrasts natural scenes through asymmetric distribution.Neuron. 2013; 80: 1206-1217Abstract 7Nadal-Nicolás F.M. Kunze V.P. Ball J.M. Peng B.T. Krishnan A. Zhou G. Dong Li W. True S-cones are concentrated ventral retina wired detection upper field.eLife. 2020; 9: e56840Crossref 8Haverkamp S. Wässle H. Duebel J. Kuner Augustine G.J. Feng primordial, blue-cone system retina.J. Neurosci. 2005; 25: 5438-5445Crossref (203) However, recent data indicate that mice exhibit robust chromatic discrimination within central-upper field.9Denman D.J. Luviano J.A. Ollerenshaw D.R. Cross Williams Buice M.A. Olsen S.R. Reid R.C. Mouse wavelength-specific luminance contrast sensitivity non-uniform across space.eLife. 2018; 7: e31209Crossref (31) Retinal reported emerge from superimposing inhibitory surround receptive fields on expression gradient, by introducing rod signals regions sparse expression.10Chang Breuninger coding cone-type unselective circuits retina.Neuron. 77: 559-571Abstract (56) 11Joesch Meister neuronal circuit colour based rod-cone opponency.Nature. 2016; 532: 236-239Crossref 12Stabio M.E. Sabbah Quattrochi L.E. Ilardi M.C. Fogerson P.M. Leyrer Kim M.T. I. Schiel Renna et al.The M5 cell: color-opponent intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cell.Neuron. 97: 150-163.e4Abstract (36) 13Szatko K.P. Korympidou M.M. Ran Y. Berens P. Dalkara Franke Neural support field.Nat. Commun. 11: 3481Crossref (17) relative importance these proposed determining properties neurons at higher stages remains unknown. We address questions using multielectrode recordings lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) altered spectral (Opn1mwR) multispectral stimuli allow selective modulation signaling individual classes. Remarkably, we find many (∼25%) LGN cells opponent, localized medial zone their cannot simply be explained mechanisms. Opponent responses can driven solely cones, independent cone-opsin gradients input, exhibiting spatially congruent antagonistic fields. Our therefore suggest previously unidentified may extensive sophisticated LGN.

Language: Английский

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