Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: Feb. 17, 2023
Abstract
Rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA)
is
an
incurable
systemic
autoimmune
disease.
Disease
progression
leads
to
joint
deformity
and
associated
loss
of
function,
which
significantly
impacts
the
quality
life
for
sufferers
adds
losses
in
labor
force.
In
past
few
decades,
RA
has
attracted
increased
attention
from
researchers,
abnormal
signaling
pathways
are
a
very
important
research
field
diagnosis
treatment
RA,
provides
evidence
understanding
this
complex
disease
developing
novel
RA-linked
intervention
targets.
The
current
review
intends
provide
comprehensive
overview
including
general
introduction
disease,
historical
events,
epidemiology,
risk
factors,
pathological
process,
highlight
primary
progress
various
molecular
mechanisms,
genetic
epigenetic
summarize
most
recent
developments
identifying
new
inhibitors
treating
RA.
therapeutic
interventions
approved
drugs,
clinical
pre-clinical
cutting-edge
technologies.
These
will
hopefully
drive
strategically
targeted
therapies
hope
ideas
options
future.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
98(3), P. 1805 - 1908
Published: June 14, 2018
The
many
facets
of
the
oxytocin
(OXT)
system
brain
and
periphery
elicited
nearly
25,000
publications
since
1930
(see
FIGURE
1
,
as
listed
in
PubMed),
which
revealed
central
roles
for
OXT
its
receptor
(OXTR)
reproduction,
social
emotional
behaviors
animal
human
studies
focusing
on
mental
physical
health
disease.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
mechanisms
expression
release,
binding
OXTR
periphery,
OXTR-coupled
signaling
cascades,
their
involvement
behavioral
outcomes
to
assemble
a
comprehensive
picture
peripheral
system.
Traditionally
known
role
milk
let-down
uterine
contraction
during
labor,
also
has
implications
physiological,
behavioral,
aspects
such
sexual
maternal
pair
bonding,
but
anxiety,
trust,
sociability,
food
intake,
or
even
drug
abuse.
are,
molecular
basis,
brought
about
by
single
receptor.
OXTR,
7-transmembrane
G
protein-coupled
capable
either
Gα
i
q
proteins,
activates
set
MAPK,
PKC,
PLC,
CaMK
pathways,
converge
transcription
factors
like
CREB
MEF-2.
cellular
response
includes
regulation
neurite
outgrowth,
viability,
increased
survival.
OXTergic
projections
represent
anxiety
stress-regulating
circuits
connecting
paraventricular
nucleus
hypothalamus,
amygdala,
bed
stria
terminalis,
medial
prefrontal
cortex.
Which
OXT-induced
patterns
finally
alter
behavior
an
being
is
still
poorly
understood,
studying
those
cascades
one
initial
step
toward
better
understanding
background
effects.
FEBS Journal,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
280(2), P. 489 - 504
Published: July 20, 2012
Dual‐specificity
MAP
kinase
phosphatases
(MKPs)
provide
a
complex
negative
regulatory
network
that
acts
to
shape
the
duration,
magnitude
and
spatiotemporal
profile
of
activities
in
response
both
physiological
pathological
stimuli.
Individual
MKPs
may
exhibit
either
exquisite
specificity
towards
single
mitogen‐activated
protein
(MAPK)
isoform
or
be
able
regulate
multiple
MAPK
pathways
cell
tissue.
They
can
act
as
feedback
regulators
activity,
but
also
mechanisms
crosstalk
between
distinct
signalling
other
intracellular
modules.
In
this
review,
we
explore
current
state
knowledge
with
respect
regulation
MKP
expression
levels
activities,
by
which
individual
recognize
interact
different
isoforms
their
role
signalling.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
93(3), P. 1317 - 1542
Published: July 1, 2013
At
least
468
individual
genes
have
been
manipulated
by
molecular
methods
to
study
their
effects
on
the
initiation,
promotion,
and
progression
of
atherosclerosis.
Most
clinicians
many
investigators,
even
in
related
disciplines,
find
these
pathways
entirely
foreign.
Medical
schools
generally
do
not
attempt
incorporate
relevant
biology
into
curriculum.
A
number
key
signaling
are
highly
atherogenesis
presented
provide
a
context
for
gene
manipulations
summarized
herein.
The
include
following:
insulin
receptor
(and
other
tyrosine
kinases);
Ras
MAPK
activation;
TNF-α
family
members
leading
activation
NF-κB;
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
signaling;
endothelial
adaptations
flow
including
G
protein-coupled
(GPCR)
integrin-related
cells
modified
lipoproteins;
purinergic
control
leukocyte
adhesion
endothelium,
migration,
further
foam
cell
formation;
macrophage
vascular
smooth
muscle
proliferation,
efferocytosis,
apoptosis.
This
review
is
intended
primarily
as
an
introduction
pathways.
They
become
focus
modern
atherosclerosis
research
will
undoubtedly
rich
resource
future
innovation
toward
intervention
prevention
one
cause
death
world.
