Placental phenotype and the insulin‐like growth factors: resource allocation to fetal growth DOI Open Access
Amanda N. Sferruzzi‐Perri, Ionel Sandovici, Miguel Constância

et al.

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 595(15), P. 5057 - 5093

Published: March 24, 2017

Abstract The placenta is the main determinant of fetal growth and development in utero . It supplies all nutrients oxygen required for secretes hormones that facilitate maternal allocation to fetus. Furthermore, responds nutritional metabolic signals mother by altering its structural functional phenotype, which can lead changes resource molecular mechanisms senses environmental cues are poorly understood. This review discusses role insulin‐like factors (IGFs) controlling placental growth, particularly response adverse gestational environments. In particular, it assesses impact IGFs their signalling machinery on morphogenesis, substrate transport hormone secretion, primarily laboratory species, although draws data from human other species where relevant. also considers as linking availability through morphological phenotype placenta. As altered associated with increased perinatal morbidity mortality a greater risk developing adult‐onset diseases later life, understanding during pregnancy regulating important identifying underlying developmental programming offspring suboptimal intrauterine growth. image

Language: Английский

Pre-eclampsia: pathophysiology and clinical implications DOI Open Access

Graham J. Burton,

Christopher W.G. Redman, James M. Roberts

et al.

BMJ, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. l2381 - l2381

Published: July 15, 2019

Abstract Pre-eclampsia is a common disorder that particularly affects first pregnancies. The clinical presentation highly variable but hypertension and proteinuria are usually seen. These systemic signs arise from soluble factors released the placenta as result of response to stress syncytiotrophoblast. There two sub-types: early late onset pre-eclampsia, with others almost certainly yet be identified. Early pre-eclampsia arises owing defective placentation, whilst may center around interactions between normal senescence maternal genetic predisposition cardiovascular metabolic disease. causes, placental maternal, vary among individuals. Recent research has focused on placental-uterine in pregnancy. aim now translate these findings into new ways predict, prevent, treat pre-eclampsia.

Language: Английский

Citations

992
Pathophysiology of placental-derived fetal growth restriction DOI Open Access

Graham J. Burton,

Eric Jauniaux

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 218(2), P. S745 - S761

Published: Feb. 1, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

793
Human placenta and trophoblast development: key molecular mechanisms and model systems DOI Creative Commons
Martin Knöfler, Sandra Haider, Leila Saleh

et al.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 76(18), P. 3479 - 3496

Published: May 3, 2019

Abnormal placentation is considered as an underlying cause of various pregnancy complications such miscarriage, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, the latter increasing risk for development severe disorders in later life cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes. Despite their importance, molecular mechanisms governing human placental formation trophoblast cell lineage specification differentiation have been poorly unravelled, mostly due to lack appropriate cellular model systems. However, over past few years major progress has made by establishing self-renewing stem cells 3-dimensional organoids from blastocysts early tissues opening path detailed investigations. Herein, we summarize present knowledge about development, its cells, progenitors differentiated types epithelium villous core. Anatomy placenta, current systems, critical key regulatory factors signalling cascades will be elucidated. In this context, discuss role developmental pathways Wingless Notch, controlling stemness/differentiation invasive progenitors, respectively.

Language: Английский

Citations

605
Pregnancy and COVID-19 DOI
Elizabeth Wastnedge, Rebecca M. Reynolds,

Sara R. van Boeckel

et al.

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 101(1), P. 303 - 318

Published: Sept. 24, 2020

There are many unknowns for pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Clinical experience of pregnancies complicated with infection by other coronaviruses e.g., Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle Eastern Syndrome, has led to woman being considered potentially vulnerable severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Physiological changes pregnancy have a significant impact on immune system, respiratory cardiovascular function, coagulation. These may positive or negative effects COVID-19 progression. The in remains be determined, concerted, global effort is required determine implantation, fetal growth development, labor, neonatal health. Asymptomatic presents further challenge regarding service provision, prevention, management. Besides direct impacts disease, plethora indirect consequences pandemic adversely affect maternal health, including reduced access reproductive health services, increased mental strain, socioeconomic deprivation. In this review, we explore current knowledge highlight areas research minimize its their children.

Language: Английский

Citations

581
Regulation of Placental Development and Its Impact on Fetal Growth—New Insights From Mouse Models DOI Creative Commons
Laura Woods, Vicente Pérez-García, Myriam Hemberger

et al.

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Sept. 27, 2018

The placenta is the chief regulator of nutrient supply to growing embryo during gestation. As such, adequate placental function instrumental for developmental progression throughout intrauterine development. One most common complications pregnancy insufficient growth fetus, a problem termed restriction (IUGR) that frequently rooted in malfunctional placenta. Together with conventional gene targeting approaches, recent advances screening mouse mutants defects, combined ability rapidly induce mutations vitro and vivo by CRISPR-Cas9 technology, has provided new insights into contribution genome normal Most importantly, these data have demonstrated far more genes are required placentation than previously appreciated. Here, we provide summary types defects established mutants, which will help us gain better understanding impacting on human placentation. Based mutant screen, then examples how can be mined identify novel molecular hubs may critical Given close association between abnormal cardiovascular brain development, functional nodes also shed light onto etiology birth co-occur malformations. Taken together, regulation development opened up avenues research promote study conditions, notably those based underlie pathologies such as IUGR pre-eclampsia.

Language: Английский

Citations

359
Epidemiology and determinants of type 2 diabetes in south Asia DOI
Andrew P. Hills, Ross Arena, Kamlesh Khunti

et al.

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6(12), P. 966 - 978

Published: Oct. 1, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

240
Physiology and Pathophysiology of Steroid Biosynthesis, Transport and Metabolism in the Human Placenta DOI Creative Commons
Waranya Chatuphonprasert, Kanokwan Jarukamjorn, Isabella Ellinger

et al.

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Sept. 12, 2018

The steroid hormones progestagens, estrogens, androgens and glucocorticoids as well their precursor cholesterol are required for successful establishment maintenance of pregnancy proper development the fetus. human placenta forms at interface maternal fetal circulation. It participates in biosynthesis metabolism steroids regulated exchange between compartment. This review outlines mechanisms placental handling compounds. Cholesterol is transported from mother to offspring involving lipoprotein receptors such low-density receptor (LDLR) scavenger class B type I (SRB1) ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-transporters, ABCA1 ABCG1. Additionally, also a progesterone estrogen synthesis. Hormone synthesis predominantly performed by members cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzyme family including CYP11A1 or CYP19A1 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSD) 3β-HSD 17β-HSD. Placental requires delivery sulfate-conjugated molecules serum. uptake these precursors mediated solute carrier (SLC) sodium-dependent organic anion transporter (SOAT), 4 (OAT4), transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1). Maternal-fetal glucocorticoid transport has be tightly order ensure healthy growth development. For that purpose, expresses enzymes 11β-HSD 1 2 ABCB1. article summarizes impact diverse compounds diseases on expression level activity involved transporters, receptors, metabolizing concludes regulatory changing physiological pathophysiological state barely explored. structure cellular composition barrier introduced. While production, syncytiotrophoblast have been explored decades, few information available role placental-fetal endothelial cells processes. With regard function, significant differences exist species. To further decipher physiologic pathways pathologic alterations handling, model systems mandatory.

Language: Английский

Citations

215
Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Their Effects on the Placenta, Pregnancy, and Child Development: a Potential Mechanistic Role for Placental Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptors (PPARs) DOI
John T. Szilagyi, Vennela Avula, Rebecca C. Fry

et al.

Current Environmental Health Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 222 - 230

Published: Aug. 18, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

202
Maternal vascular malperfusion of the placental bed DOI Open Access
Linda M. Ernst

Apmis, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 126(7), P. 551 - 560

Published: July 1, 2018

Maternal vascular malperfusion ( MVM ) of the placental bed represents a recognizable pattern injury related to altered uterine and intervillous blood flow. consists constellation pathologic findings seen in maternal decidual vessels, reflecting abnormal spiral artery remodeling, as well villous parenchyma, abnormalities oxygenation flow dynamics space. This review is dedicated gross pathology, microscopic updated terminology, clinical implications .

Language: Английский

Citations

201
Maternal-Fetal Inflammation in the Placenta and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease DOI Creative Commons
Jeffrey A. Goldstein, Kelly Gallagher,

Celeste Beck

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Nov. 13, 2020

Events in fetal life impact long-term health outcomes. The placenta is the first organ to form and site of juxtaposition between maternal circulations. Most diseases pregnancy are caused by, impact, or reflected placenta. purpose this review describe main inflammatory processes placenta, discuss their immunology, relate short- disease associations. Acute placental inflammation (API), including responses corresponds clinical diagnosis chorioamnionitis associated with respiratory neurodevelopmental diseases. chronic pathologies (CPI), include villitis unknown etiology, deciduitis, chorionitis, eosinophilic T-cell vasculitis, histiocytic intervillositis. These less-well studied, but have complex immunology show mechanistic impacts on immune system. Overall, much work remains be done describing offspring health.

Language: Английский

Citations

193