Free radicals and their impact on health and antioxidant defenses: a review

Cell Death Discovery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Abstract Free radicals, characterized by the presence of unpaired electrons, are highly reactive species that play a significant role in human health. These molecules can be generated through various endogenous processes, such as mitochondrial respiration and immune cell activation, well exogenous sources, including radiation, pollution, smoking. While free radicals essential for certain physiological signaling defense, their overproduction disrupt delicate balance between oxidants antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress results damage critical biomolecules like DNA, proteins, lipids, contributing pathogenesis diseases. Chronic conditions cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory diseases have been strongly associated with harmful effects radicals. This review provides comprehensive overview characteristics types mechanisms formation, biological impacts. Additionally, we explore natural compounds extracts studied antioxidant properties, offering potential therapeutic avenues managing radical-induced damage. Future research directions also discussed advance our understanding treatment radical-associated

Language: Английский

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New Insights in Natural Bioactive Compounds for Periodontal Disease: Advanced Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(4), P. 807 - 807

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that destroys the tooth-supporting structures due to host's immune response microbial biofilms. Traditional periodontal treatments, such as scaling and root planing, pharmacological interventions, surgical procedures, have significant limitations, including difficulty accessing deep pockets, biofilm recolonization, development of antibiotic resistance. In light these challenges, natural bioactive compounds derived from plants, herbs, other sources offer promising alternative their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, tissue-regenerative properties. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms through which compounds, curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), baicalin, carvacrol, berberine, essential oils, Gum Arabic, exert therapeutic effects in disease. Bioactive inhibit critical pathways like NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPK while activating protective Nrf2/ARE, reducing cytokine production oxidative stress. They also activity matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), preventing tissue degradation promoting healing. addition, demonstrated potential disrupt bacterial biofilms by interfering with quorum sensing, targeting cell membranes, enhancing efficacy.Bioactive modulate system shifting balance pro-inflammatory anti-inflammatory responses efferocytosis, helps resolve inflammation supports regeneration. However, despite challenges related poor bioavailability, stability oral cavity, absence large-scale clinical trials need be addressed. Future strategies should prioritize advanced delivery systems nanoparticles hydrogels enhance bioavailability sustain release, alongside long-term studies assess human populations. Furthermore, combining traditional treatments could provide synergistic benefits managing aims explore disease, emphasizing action offering insights into integration conventional therapies for more comprehensive approach health.

Language: Английский

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Genomic Insights Into a Strong Biofilm‐Forming Enterococcus faecalis MTR_EFS01 Strain Isolated From a Shrimp in Bangladesh

Animal Research and One Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecalis is known for its ability to form strong biofilms and role as an opportunistic pathogen. In this study, we screened characterized a multidrug‐resistant (MDR) biofilm‐forming E. isolate obtained from shrimp sample determine genetic diversity, molecular epidemiology, underlying factors associated with antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) virulence factor (VFGs). The MTR_EFS01 strain was isolated using culturing, staining, biochemical tests MALDI‐TOF methods. MDR profile of the determined through disk diffusion test. complete genomic sequence Illumina NextSeq2000 platform. de novo assembly genome revealed total length 2,862,301 bp 80.0 × coverage. This comprised 38 contigs, G + C content 37.4%, identified two CRISPR arrays, seven prophages, 55 RNA genes. classified ST862 high pathogenicity index 0.896. harbored eight ARGs conferring tetracycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim, efflux pumps. Furthermore, 27 VFGs were in strain, linked antiphagocytosis, adherence, biofilm formation, enzymes, immune invasion. Metabolic functional analysis that our had 243 subsystems, most abundant carbohydrate metabolism, amino acids derivatives, protein metabolism. findings study underscore importance continuous monitoring, research, collaborative efforts address growing threat pathogens diverse settings.

Language: Английский

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Mitigating recurrent Urinary tract infections using neutrophil activation by a low frequency electromagnetic field exposure: A hypothesis

Medical Hypotheses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111578 - 111578

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Altitude shapes gut microbiome composition accounting for diet, thyroid hormone levels, and host genetics in a subterranean blind mole rat

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

The animal gut microbiome acts as a crucial link between the host and its environment, playing vital role in digestion, metabolism, physiology, fitness. Using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, we investigated effect of altitude on composition Anatolian Blind Mole Rats (

Language: Английский

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The exometabolome as a hidden driver of bacterial virulence and pathogenesis

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Altitude shapes gut microbiome composition accounting for diet, thyroid hormone levels, and host genetics in a subterranean blind mole rat

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 2, 2024

The animal gut microbiome acts as a crucial link between the host and its environment, playing vital role in digestion, metabolism, physiology, fitness. Using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, we investigated effect of altitude on composition Anatolian Blind Mole Rats (Nannospalax xanthodon) across six locations three altitudinal groups. We also factored diet, well microsatellite genotypes thyroid hormone levels. had major composition, with notable differences relative abundance several bacterial taxa elevations. Contrary to prior research, found no significant difference strictly anaerobic bacteria among groups, though facultatively were more prevalent at higher altitudes. Microbiome alpha diversity peaked mid-altitude, comprising elements from both low high beta showed association altitude. Altitude diet but not diversity. No distinct altitude-related genetic structure was evident populations, correlation revealed relatedness nor diet. Free thyroxine (FT4) levels increased almost linearly none ASVs be specifically associated Total (TT4) correlated positively Although detected certain components diversity, pattern their relationship remains inconclusive.

Language: Английский

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Immunometabolites Direct the Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infection

Journal of Innate Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 367 - 369

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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