The intestinal microbiota fuelling metabolic inflammation

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 40 - 54

Published: Aug. 6, 2019

Language: Английский

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The Gut Microbiota and Inflammation: An Overview

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(20), P. 7618 - 7618

Published: Oct. 19, 2020

The gut microbiota encompasses a diverse community of bacteria that carry out various functions influencing the overall health host. These comprise nutrient metabolism, immune system regulation and natural defence against infection. presence certain is associated with inflammatory molecules may bring about inflammation in body tissues. Inflammation underlies many chronic multisystem conditions including obesity, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus bowel disease. be triggered by structural components which can result cascade pathways involving interleukins other cytokines. Similarly, by-products metabolic processes bacteria, some short-chain fatty acids, play role inhibiting processes. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview relationship between highlight relevant knowledge gaps field. Based on current literature, it appears as composition differs individuals contingent variety factors like diet genetics, possess pro-inflammatory effects whilst others harbour those anti-inflammatory effects. Recent technological advancements have allowed for better methods characterising microbiota. Further research continually improve our understanding interact elucidate reasons behind varying presentations same disease varied responses treatment different individuals. Furthermore, inform clinical practice microbes employed probiotic therapies or used identify suitable prebiotic therapies.

Language: Английский

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High-Fat, Western-Style Diet, Systemic Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 3164 - 3164

Published: Nov. 14, 2021

The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with vitamins, and a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it involved in maintaining the integrity of intestinal epithelial barrier, crucial functional maturation immune system. Western diet (WD)—an unhealthy high consumption fats—can be broadly characterized by overeating, frequent snacking, prolonged postprandial state. term WD commonly known intuitively understood. However, strict digital expression nutrient ratios not precisely defined. Based on US data 1908–1989, calory intake available fats increased 32% to 45%. Besides metabolic aspects (hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, sympathetic nervous system renin-angiotensin overstimulation, oxidative stress), consequences excessive fat (high-fat diet—HFD) comprise dysbiosis, dysfunction, permeability, leakage toxic bacterial metabolites into circulation. These can strongly contribute development low-grade systemic inflammation. This narrative review highlights most important recent advances linking HFD-driven dysbiosis HFD-related inflammation, presents pathomechanisms these phenomena, examines possible causative relationship between pro-inflammatory status changes.

Language: Английский

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Neutrophils as regulators of cardiovascular inflammation

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 327 - 340

Published: Jan. 29, 2020

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome in coronary artery disease and heart failure: Current knowledge and future directions

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 52, P. 102649 - 102649

Published: Feb. 1, 2020

Host-microbiota interactions involving inflammatory and metabolic pathways have been linked to the pathogenesis of multiple immune-mediated diseases conditions like diabetes obesity. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in gut microbiome could play a role cardiovascular disease. This review focuses on recent advances our understanding interplay between diet, microbiota disease, with emphasis heart failure coronary artery Whereas much literature has focused circulating levels diet- microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), several sequencing-based studies demonstrated compositional functional microbiomes both diseases. Some characteristics are consistent across study cohorts, such as decreased abundance microbes capacity for producing butyrate. However, published generally lack essential covariates diet clinical data, too small capture substantial variation microbiome, parallel plasma samples, limiting ability translate actual function reflected by microbiota-related metabolites. attempts give directions future order demonstrate utility gut-heart axis.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota in Hypertension and Atherosclerosis: A Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 2982 - 2982

Published: Sept. 29, 2020

Gut microbiota and its metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) impact cardiovascular health. In this review, we discuss how gut can affect hypertension atherosclerosis. Hypertensive patients were shown to have lower alpha diversity, abundance of SCFA-producing microbiota, higher gram-negative bacteria, which are a source LPS. Animal studies point towards direct role for SCFAs in blood pressure regulation show that LPS has pro-inflammatory effects. Translocation into the systemic circulation is consequence increased permeability. Atherosclerosis, multifactorial disease, influenced by through multiple pathways. Many focused on pro-atherogenic TMAO, however, it not clear if causal factor. addition, play key bile acid metabolism some interventions targeting receptors tend decrease Concluding, atherosclerosis many pathways, providing wide range potential therapeutic targets. Challenges ahead include translation findings mechanisms humans development target risk modulation microbes metabolites.

Language: Английский

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The mutual interplay of gut microbiota, diet and human disease

FEBS Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 287(5), P. 833 - 855

Published: Jan. 19, 2020

The intestinal milieu harbours the gut microbiota, consisting of a complex community bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and protozoans that bring to host organism an endowment cells genes more numerous than its own. In last 10 years, mounting evidence has highlighted prominent influence mutualistic bacterial communities on human health. Microbial colonization occurs alongside with immune system development plays role in physiology. microbiota does not undergo significant fluctuations throughout adult life. However, infections, antibiotic treatment, lifestyle, surgery diet might profoundly affect it. Gut dysbiosis, defined as marked alterations amount function microorganisms, is correlated aetiology chronic noncommunicable diseases, ranging from cardiovascular, neurologic, respiratory metabolic illnesses cancer. this review, we focus interplay among provide perspective their unique metabolites pathogenesis and/or progression various disorders. We discuss interventions based microbiome studies, faecal transplantation, probiotics prebiotics, introduce concept correcting dysbiosis can ameliorate disease symptoms, thus offering new approach towards treatment.

Language: Английский

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Propionate attenuates atherosclerosis by immune-dependent regulation of intestinal cholesterol metabolism

European Heart Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 43(6), P. 518 - 533

Published: Sept. 8, 2021

Abstract Aims Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, increased low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) play critical role in development progression atherosclerosis. Here, we examined for the first time gut immunomodulatory effects microbiota-derived metabolite propionic acid (PA) on intestinal cholesterol metabolism. Methods results Using both human animal model studies, demonstrate that treatment with PA reduces blood total LDL levels. In apolipoprotein E−/− (Apoe −/−) mice fed high-fat diet (HFD), reduced absorption aortic atherosclerotic lesion area. Further, regulatory T-cell numbers interleukin (IL)-10 levels microenvironment, which turn suppressed expression Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (Npc1l1), transporter. Blockade IL-10 receptor signalling attenuated PA-related reduction augmented severity HFD-fed Apoe −/− mice. To translate these preclinical findings to humans, conducted randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study (clinical trial no. NCT03590496). Oral supplementation 500 mg twice daily over course 8 weeks significantly [−15.9 mg/dL (−8.1%) vs. −1.6 (−0.5%), P = 0.016], [−19.6 (−7.3%) −5.3 (−1.7%), 0.014] non-high-density lipoprotein [PA placebo: −18.9 (−9.1%) −0.6 0.002] subjects elevated baseline Conclusion Our reveal novel immune-mediated pathway linking Npc1l1 homeostasis. The highlight immune system as potential therapeutic target control dyslipidaemia may introduce new avenue prevention ACVDs.

Language: Английский

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The Gut Microbiota (Microbiome) in Cardiovascular Disease and Its Therapeutic Regulation

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 20, 2022

In the last two decades, considerable interest has been shown in understanding development of gut microbiota and its internal external effects on intestine, as well risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such metabolic syndrome. The intestinal plays a pivotal role human health disease. Recent studies revealed that can affect host body. CVDs are leading cause morbidity mortality, patients favor death over chronic kidney For function host, molecules have to penetrate epithelium or surface cells host. Gut utilize trimethylamine, N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, primary secondary bile acid pathways. By affecting these living cells, heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial fibrosis, infarction, coronary artery Previous relation stroke pathogenesis consequences provide new therapeutic prospects. This review highlights interplay between metabolites addresses related interventions treatment CVDs.

Language: Английский

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Short-chain fatty acid, acylation and cardiovascular diseases

Clinical Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 134(6), P. 657 - 676

Published: March 1, 2020

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metabolic dysfunction is a fundamental core mechanism underlying CVDs. Previous studies generally focused on roles long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in However, growing body study has implied that short-chain (SCFAs: namely propionate, malonate, butyrate, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate (2-HIBA), β-hydroxybutyrate, crotonate, succinate, glutarate) their cognate acylations (propionylation, malonylation, butyrylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation, crotonylation, succinylation, glutarylation) participate Here, we attempt to provide an overview landscape metabolic pattern SCFAs Especially, would focus newly identified CVDs, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure.

Language: Английский

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