Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence on the Metabolic and Inflammatory Background of a Complex Relationship

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 9087 - 9087

Published: May 22, 2023

Several studies in recent years have demonstrated that gut microbiota-host interactions play an important role human health and disease, including inflammatory cardiovascular diseases. Dysbiosis has been linked to not only well-known diseases, such as bowel rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous, but also risk factors, atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus. The ways the microbiota is involved modulating are multiple related mechanisms. Indeed, microbiome cooperate a metabolically active superorganism, this affects host physiology through metabolic pathways. In turn, congestion of splanchnic circulation associated with edema intestinal wall, altered function permeability barrier result translocation bacteria their products into circulation, further enhancing pro-inflammatory conditions underlying disorders. aim present review describe complex interplay between microbiota, its metabolites, development evolution We discuss possible interventions intended modulate reduce risk.

Language: Английский

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Importance of gut microbiota metabolites in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 329, P. 121947 - 121947

Published: July 16, 2023

Language: Английский

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Role of the intestinal microbiome and its therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disorder

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

The gut microbiome is a heterogeneous population of microbes comprising viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Such essential for sustaining host equilibrium, its impact on human health can be altered by variety factors such as external variables, social behavior, age, nutrition, genetics. Gut microbes’ imbalances are related to chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, digestive disorders. Globally, recent findings show that intestinal have significant role in the formation cardiovascular disease (CVD), which still primary cause fatalities. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, some inherited variables all risk variables. However, studies found correlations between metabolism, flora, dietary intake. Variations diversity changes their activity thought influence CVD etiology. Furthermore, microbiota acts an endocrine organ, producing bioactive metabolites TMA (trimethylamine)/TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide), SCFA (short-chain fatty acids), bile acids, substantial wellness multiple mechanisms. purpose this overview compile current evidence highlighting intricate links microbiota, metabolites, development CVD. It focuses how dysbiosis promotes heart failure, atherosclerosis. This review explores normal physiology potential techniques targeting bacteria treatment using various microbial metabolites. also examines significance treatment, supplements, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotic therapies, fecal transplantation, innovative approach management As result, metabolic pathways become increasingly attractive targets intervention.

Language: Английский

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Antibiotics and the gut microbiome: Understanding the impact on human health

Medicine in Microecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20, P. 100106 - 100106

Published: April 8, 2024

Antibiotic use has become problematic because it unintentionally upsets the delicate equilibrium of human gut microbiota. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum ones, that were once regarded as life-saving treatments for bacterial infections instead indiscriminately destroy good bacteria are essential preserving health in addition to their target pathogens. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, term this disturbance, sets off a series adverse reactions negatively impact microbiome, resulting decline microbial diversity and creation an environment is favourable establishment strains resistant antibiotics. exposure wide-ranging effects from prenatal adulthood; research shown long-term include increased risk antibiotic resistance, obesity, allergies, asthma, altered metabolic processes. This thorough investigation emphasises critical need more sophisticated knowledge therapy on microbiota necessity implementing all-encompassing solutions reduce its detrimental protect throughout life.

Language: Английский

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Insights into Colon Carcinogenesis and Immune Regulation

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(21), P. 6578 - 6578

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) constitutes a significant global health challenge, with recent studies underscoring the pivotal role of gut microbiome in its pathogenesis and progression. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as compelling therapeutic approach, offering potential to modulate microbial composition optimize treatment outcomes. Research suggests that specific bacterial strains are closely linked CRC, influencing both clinical management interventions. Moreover, microbiome's impact on immunotherapy responsiveness heralds new avenues for personalized medicine. Despite promise FMT, safety concerns, particularly immunocompromised individuals, remain critical issue. Clinical outcomes vary widely, influenced by genetic predispositions methodologies employed. Additionally, rigorous donor selection screening protocols paramount minimize risks maximize efficacy. The current body literature advocates establishment standardized further trials substantiate FMT's CRC management. As our understanding deepens, FMT is poised become cornerstone treatment, imperative continued research validation.

Language: Английский

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Role of the Gut Bacteria-Derived Metabolite Phenylacetylglutamine in Health and Diseases

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Over the past few decades, it has been well established that gut microbiota-derived metabolites can disrupt function, thus resulting in an array of diseases. Notably, phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), a bacterial derived metabolite, recently gained attention due to its role initiation and progression cardiovascular cerebrovascular This meta-organismal metabolite PAGln is byproduct amino acid acetylation precursor phenylacetic (PAA) from range dietary sources like egg, meat, dairy products, etc. The microbiota-dependent metabolism phenylalanine produces PAA, which crucial intermediate catalyzed by diverse microbial catalytic pathways. PAA conjugates with glutamine glycine liver kidney predominantly form humans phenylacetylglycine rodents. associated thrombosis as enhances platelet activation mediated through GPCRs receptors α2A, α2B, β2 ADRs, thereby aggravating pathological conditions. Clinical evidence suggests elevated levels are pathology cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, neurological Review further consolidates microbial/biochemical synthesis discusses above pathophysiologies.

Language: Английский

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Gut‐liver axis: Potential mechanisms of action of food‐derived extracellular vesicles

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract Food‐derived extracellular vesicles (FEVs) are nanoscale membrane obtained from dietary materials such as breast milk, plants and probiotics. Distinct other EVs, FEVs can survive the harsh degrading conditions in gastrointestinal tract reach intestines. This unique feature allows to be promising prebiotics health oral nanomedicine for gut disorders, inflammatory bowel disease. Interestingly, therapeutic effects of have recently also been observed non‐gastrointestinal diseases. However, mechanisms remain unclear or even mysterious. It is speculated that orally administered could enter bloodstream, remote organs, thus exert therein. emerging evidence suggests amount reaching organs beyond marginal may insufficient account significant achieved regarding diseases involving liver. Thus, we herein propose primarily act locally intestine by modulating intestinal microenvironments barrier integrity microbiota, thereby eliciting impact remotely on liver via gut‐liver axis. Likewise, drugs delivered system through As main metabolic hub, microenvironment implicated In fact, many patients with non‐alcoholic fatty disease, obesity, diabetes cardiovascular disease suffer a leaky dysbiosis. this review, provide an overview recent progress discuss their biomedical applications agents drug delivery systems, highlighting pivotal role axis action treatment disorders

Language: Английский

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The Molecular Pharmacology of Phloretin: Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Action

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 143 - 143

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

The isolation of phlorizin from the bark an apple tree in 1835 led to a flurry research on its inhibitory effect glucose transporters intestine and kidney. Using as prototype drug, antidiabetic agents with more selective activity towards transport at kidney have subsequently been developed. In contrast, hydrolysis product body, phloretin, which is also found plant, has weak properties. Phloretin, however, displays range pharmacological effects including antibacterial, anticancer, cellular organ protective properties both vitro vivo. this communication, molecular basis anti-inflammatory mechanisms that attribute scrutinised. These include inhibiting signalling pathways inflammatory mediators' expression support suppressive immune cells overactivation, obesity-induced inflammation, arthritis, endothelial, myocardial, hepatic, renal lung injury, inflammation gut, skin, nervous system, among others.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota bridges the iron homeostasis and host health

Science China Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 66(9), P. 1952 - 1975

Published: July 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Triangulating nutrigenomics, metabolomics and microbiomics toward personalized nutrition and healthy living

Human Genomics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

Abstract The unique physiological and genetic characteristics of individuals influence their reactions to different dietary constituents nutrients. This notion is the foundation personalized nutrition. field nutrigenetics has witnessed significant progress in understanding impact variants on macronutrient micronutrient levels individual's responsiveness intake. These hold value facilitating development nutritional interventions, thereby enabling effective translation from conventional guidelines genome-guided Nevertheless, certain obstacles could impede extensive implementation individualized nutrition, which still its infancy, such as polygenic nature nutrition-related pathologies. Consequently, many disorders are susceptible collective multiple genes environmental interplay, wherein each gene exerts a moderate modest effect. Furthermore, it widely accepted that diseases emerge because intricate interplay between predisposition external influences. In context this specific paradigm, utilization advanced "omic" technologies, including epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiome analysis, conjunction with comprehensive phenotyping, potential unveil hitherto undisclosed hereditary elements interactions environment. review aims provide up-to-date information regarding fundamentals specifically emphasizing complex triangulation among microbiota, metabolites, genes. highlights intestinal microbiota's makeup, nutrigenomics, tailoring suggestions. Finally, article provides an overview genotyping versus microbiomics, focusing investigating applications knowledge tailored plans aim improve human well-being overall health.

Language: Английский

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