bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 15, 2024
Abstract
The
motor
cortex’s
activity
is
state-dependent.
Specifically,
the
sensorimotor
mu
rhythm
phase
relates
to
fluctuating
levels
of
primary
cortex
(M1)
excitability,
previously
demonstrated
in
young
and
healthy
volunteers.
However,
it
unknown
whether
this
observation
generalizable
individuals
with
brain
lesions
after
a
stroke.
We
investigated
relationship
between
cortical
excitability
by
combining
real-time
processing
electroencephalography
(EEG)
signals
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(TMS)
M1.
In
11
chronic
subcortical
stroke
survivors
12
similar-aged
volunteers,
we
applied
TMS
M1
at
peak,
falling,
trough,
rising
oscillation.
As
outcome
measures,
M1-to-muscle
measuring
motor-evoked
potentials
(MEPs)
local
activation
TMS-evoked
(TEPs).
found
that
older
volunteers
shows
phase-dependency
similar
adults.
That
is,
MEPs
were
increased
decreased
trough
peak
rhythm,
respectively.
stronger
stroke-related
symptoms
showed
preference.
Further,
was
abolished
activity,
as
measured
EEG,
stroke-affected
hemisphere,
contrast
non-affected
hemisphere
well
either
Altogether,
these
results
shed
light
on
state-dependency
Our
indicate
strength
preference
responses
could
severity
impairment.
These
enable
development
improved
paradigms
for
recovery
impairment
BMC Neurology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(1)
Published: Jan. 12, 2024
Abstract
Objective
This
study
aimed
to
investigate
the
efficacy
of
rTMS
in
treatment
poststroke
epilepsy
and
effect
on
patients’
cognitive
function
depressive
status.
Methods
One
hundred
twenty-one
patients
with
mild
impairment
status
admitted
Department
Neurology
Second
People’s
Hospital
Nanning
from
January
1,
2017,
April
31,
2023,
were
selected
divided
into
group
(treated
group)
control
group.
MMSE
scores
HAMD
recorded
before
after
treatment.
The
frequency
EEG
spiky
waves
within
24
h
any
clinical
seizure
form
(the
number
seizures
1
month
treatment)
changes
observed
indices
calculated.
differences
between
data
two
groups
analyzed,
further
assess
rTMS’
effects
cognition
depression.
Results
Compared
drug
alone,
significantly
decreased
epileptiform
discharges
stroke,
especially
lesions
frontal,
temporal,
parietal
lobes.
can
effectively
reduce
mood
disorders,
such
as
depression,
for
frontal
temporal
results
this
experiment
suggest
that
does
not
increase
adverse
effects.
Conclusion
reduces
while
improving
depression
epilepsy.
Therefore,
we
low-frequency
be
used
an
adjunctive
provide
some
ideas
references
Frontiers in Neurology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Aug. 30, 2024
Spasticity
management
should
be
provided
within
the
context
of
a
comprehensive
person-centered
rehabilitation
program.
Furthermore,
active
goal
setting
for
specific
spasticity
interventions
is
also
important,
with
well-established
“more
better”
approach.
It
critical
to
consider
adjunctive
therapy
and
multimodal
approaches
if
patients
are
not
attaining
their
treatment
goals.
Often
used
interchangeably,
there
may
confusion
between
terms
therapy.
Yet
it
imperative
understand
differences
these
achieve
goals
in
management.
Addition
secondary
pharmacologic
or
non-pharmacologic
optimize
efficacy
initial
modality,
such
as
adding
electrical
stimulation
casting
BoNT-A,
considered
an
Adjunctive
time-specific
requires
added
initiated
period
enhance
primary
treatment;
usually
2
weeks.
Multimodal
integrated,
patient-centric
program
strategies
utilized
concurrent/integrated
sequential
manner
overall
effect
across
variety
spasticity-associated
impairments
(e.g.,
neural
non-neural
components).
Moreover,
approach,
can
help
one
modality.
The
objectives
this
paper
clarify
therapies,
provide
brief
evidence-based
review
approaches,
highlight
clinical
insights
on
selecting
therapies
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: Feb. 3, 2025
Over
the
past
decade,
research
has
shown
that
primary
motor
cortex
(M1),
brain's
main
output
for
movement,
also
responds
to
rewards.
These
reward
signals
may
shape
in
its
final
stages,
influencing
movement
invigoration
and
learning.
In
this
Perspective,
we
highlight
functional
roles
of
M1
propose
how
they
could
guide
advances
neurotechnologies
restoration,
specifically
brain-computer
interfaces
non-invasive
brain
stimulation.
Understanding
open
new
avenues
enhancing
control
rehabilitation.
The
(M1)
not
only
drives
but
authors
discuss
M1's
transform
like
stimulation
recovery.
MethodsX,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14, P. 103209 - 103209
Published: Feb. 5, 2025
This
randomized
controlled
trial
investigates
the
optimal
dosing
for
post-stroke
rehabilitation
using
repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(rTMS)
and
direct
current
(tDCS).
Previous
studies
demonstrated
improvements
in
cognitive
motor
functions
with
specific
intensities
of
rTMS
tDCS,
but
this
explores
various
frequencies
currents
to
optimize
therapeutic
outcomes.
A
total
128
patients
(within
1-6
months
stroke)
paraplegia
or
hemiplegia
are
recruited.
Patients
divided
into
four
groups
both
(n
=
49)
tDCS
49):
three
different
(1
Hz,
5
10
Hz
rTMS;
0.5
mA,
1
2
mA
tDCS)
a
sham
control
group.
Along
this,
there
is
standard
therapy
group
30)
as
control.
Participants
receive
20
min
sessions,
five
days
week,
over
six
weeks.
Cognitive
assessments
conducted
at
4
weeks,
6
measure
short-term
sustained
effects.•Hemodynamically
stable
each
their
baseline
function
assessed•Application
two
types
weeks•Checking
improvement
compare
among
subgroups
recipient
currents.
Stroke,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 27, 2025
Stroke
remains
a
predominant
cause
of
death
and
long-term
disability
among
adults
worldwide.
Emerging
evidence
suggests
that
proteinopathies,
characterized
by
the
aggregation
accumulation
misfolded
proteins,
may
play
significant
role
in
aftermath
stroke
progression
neurodegenerative
disorders.
In
this
review,
we
explore
preclinical
clinical
research
on
key
proteinopathies
associated
with
stroke,
including
tau,
Aβ
(amyloid-β),
TDP-43
(TAR
DNA-binding
protein
43),
α-synuclein,
UCH-L1
(ubiquitin
C-terminal
hydrolase-L1).
We
focus
their
potential
as
biomarkers
for
recovery
management
novel
treatment
targets
enhance
neuronal
repair
mitigate
secondary
neurodegeneration.
The
involvement
these
various
aspects
neuroinflammation,
oxidative
stress,
damage,
vascular
dysfunction,
underscores
potential.
However,
further
investigations
are
essential
to
validate
utility
biomarkers,
elucidate
mechanisms
connecting
poststroke
neurodegeneration,
develop
targeted
interventions.
Identifying
specific
signatures
outcomes
could
facilitate
advancement
precision
medicine
tailored
individual
patient
needs,
significantly
enhancing
quality
life
survivors.
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(7), P. 2315 - 2315
Published: March 28, 2025
Background/Objectives:
Cerebellum
might
be
one
of
the
targets
repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(rTMS)
for
motor
recovery
in
stroke
patients.
The
aim
this
study
was
to
investigate
enhancing
effects
rTMS
over
cerebellum
on
inhibitory
patients
with
subacute
ischemic
stroke.
Methods:
Twenty-three
were
recruited
into
single-blind
randomized,
controlled
a
blinded
observer.
Cr-Cbll
group
received
consisting
continuous
theta
burst
contralesional
primary
cortex
(M1),
shoulder
mobilization
exercise,
and
high-frequency
cerebellum.
Cr-sham
sham
instead
rTMS.
All
participants
ten
daily
sessions
2
weeks.
Fugl-Meyer
Assessment
(FMA)
measured
before,
immediately
after,
months
after
intervention.
Results:
A
total
20
(10
10
group)
who
completed
two-week
intervention
included
intention-to-treat
analysis.
There
no
significant
difference
general
clinical
characteristics
between
two
groups
at
baseline.
Total
upper
extremity
scores
FMA
showed
interaction
time
(p
<
0.05).
Each
improvement
score
significantly
higher
than
Conclusions:
These
results
demonstrated
that
could
have
additional
M1
improving
function
Balneo and PRM Research Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(Vol.15, no.1), P. 679 - 679
Published: March 31, 2024
Abstract:
Introduction:
Stroke
is
a
cerebrovascular
disease
with
an
impressive
potential
of
disabil-ity,
(multi)morbidity,
and
mortality
among
elderly
patients.
After
stroke,
series
seque-lae
represents
dynamic
challenge
for
rehabilitation,
especially
improving
motor,
cognitive
depressive
disorders
(1,2).
Repetitive
Transcranial
Magnetic
Stimulation
(rTMS)
non-invasive,
painless,
neuromodulations
neurostimulation
method,
which
uses
electromagnetic
induction
to
administer
repeated
trains
pulses,
thera-peutic,
diagnostic
research
purposes
(3–5).
Method:
We
performed
systematic
literature
review
the
related
using
widely
international
accepted
method
-
Preferred
Reporting
Items
Systematic
Reviews
Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA)(6),
by
searching,
filtering,
selecting
profile
documen-tary
material.
Combinations/syntaxes
keywords
were
searched
in
following
interna-tional
databases:
Elsevier(7),
PubMed(8),
PMC(9),
PEDro(10),
ISI
indexed
journals
Web
Knowledge/Science(11)
during
1/01/2019-31/12/2021.
Besides
9
articles
selected
enhance
our
knowledge
base
we
have
also
used
some
works
freely
identified
literature.
Results
discussions:
satisfied
all
previous
filtering
criteria/
PRISMA
steps
qualitative
detailed
analysis.
The
benefits
rTMS,
aiming
bring
further
insight
into
responsiveness
motor
deficit,
depression,
impairment
treatment,
through
favorable
progress
scores
quantification
scales
used:
HAMD-17/
HDRS,
Hamilton
Depression
Scale;
MMSE,
Mini-Mental
State
Examination;
MoCA,
Montreal
Cognitive
Assesment;
SCWT,
Stroop
Color-Word
Interference
Test;
WAIS,
Wechsler
Adult
Intelligence
NIHSS,
National
Institutes
Health
Barthel
Index
Score;
ADL,
Activities
Daily
Living;
mRS,
modified
Rankin
FIM,
Functional
Independence
Measures.
Conclusions:
Through
this
review,
wish
present
perspective
successful
use
rTMS
intend
work
be
start-ing
point
development
doctoral
study,
will
include
post-stroke
sequelae,
such
as
deficits,
disorders,
strengthen
scientific
confidence
tolerability
effectiveness
type
stimula-tion
segment
age.
