Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. 3 - 12
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Dry
eye
disease
(DED)
is
a
common
chronic
ocular
disease.
DED
can
have
significant
impact
on
visual
function,
causing
disturbances
to
comfort,
daily
activities,
and
general
quality
of
life.
The
varied
nature
makes
it
difficult
point
specific
cause
the
syndrome.
However,
current
literature
agrees
that
inflammation
cornea
conjunctiva
plays
major
role
in
its
pathogenesis.
Therapies
targeted
toward
shown
success
treatment
DED.
purpose
this
review
provide
an
overview
prevalence
inflammatory
pathophysiology
discussion
available
anti-inflammatory
therapies
including
following:
Nonsteroidal
drugs,
corticosteroids,
other
hormonal
therapies,
nonsteroidal
immunomodulators,
biological
tear
replacement,
antibiotics,
dietary
supplements,
tea
tree
oil,
intense
pulsed
light.
Cornea,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
38(1), P. S11 - S24
Published: Sept. 4, 2019
Abstract:
Patients
with
corneal
and
conjunctival
disorders
report
an
array
of
ocular
surface
symptoms
including
stinging,
foreign
body
sensation,
itching.
The
intensity
perceptual
quality
these
sensations
their
duration,
from
brief
intervals
to
long-term
symptoms,
also
vary.
We
hypothesize
that
symptomatic
differences
across
reflect
in
the
balance
between
inflammation
nerve
injury,
different
conditions
resulting
predominant
effects
one
these,
or
a
combined
effect.
This
article
provides
overview
cells,
such
as
nociceptors
thermoreceptors,
descriptions
morphological
molecular
characteristics
nerve-firing
patterns
evoked
sensations,
determined
by
earlier
studies
animals
humans.
Detailed
changes
neuronal
responses
(such
abnormal
responsiveness
spontaneous
firing)
due
local
injury
are
provided,
assorted
discussed.
Eye
which
is
include
allergic
conjunctivitis
photokeratitis,
whereas
primary
factor
underlying
complaints
dry
eye
after
photorefractive
keratectomy
elderly
patients.
Both
factors
contribute
substantially
disease
varicella-zoster
infections.
model
serves
explain
reported
various
disorders,
short-term
versus
chronic
pain
dysesthesias,
may
help
improve
diagnoses
treatment
methods.
Clinical ophthalmology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 14, P. 805 - 813
Published: March 1, 2020
Abstract:
The
diagnosis
of
acute
infectious
conjunctivitis
can
be
difficult.
Clinical
ambiguity
exists
between
the
viral
and
bacterial
as
well
allergic
forms,
which
confound
diagnosis.
Also,
discrimination
or
origins
based
on
historical,
nonspecific,
clinical
signs
symptoms
contributes
to
a
high
rate
misdiagnosis
overuse
antibiotic
treatment.
Therefore,
in
order
effectively
treat
conjunctivitis,
physicians
must
aware
available
diagnostic
tests
that
provide
more
accurate
differential
Keywords:
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
63(1), P. 39 - 39
Published: Jan. 28, 2022
The
purpose
of
this
study
was
to
introduce
a
novel
dry
eye
rat
model
induced
by
aerosol
exposure
particulate
matter
(PM).A
total
30
female
Sprague
Dawley
(SD)
rats
divided
into
3
groups:
the
control
group,
low-level
exposed
and
high-level
group.
in
experience
groups
were
directly
PM
samples
chamber
over
14
days.
clinical
observation,
including
tear
volume,
corneal
fluorescein
staining,
breakup
time
(BUT),
inflammation
index,
irregularity
score,
confocal
microscopy.
Eyeballs
collected
on
day
for
hematoxylin
eosin
(H&E)
staining
PAS
staining.
TUNEL
assay,
CD45,
Ki67
immunostaining
performed
ultrastructural
changes
detected
electron
IL-1β,
TNF-α,
IFN-γ,
NF-κB
Western
blot
analysis
used
observe
possible
pathogenesis.In
PM-treated
groups,
number
layers
epithelium
nerve
fiber
length
significantly
decreased
compared
with
that
epithelial
microvilli
chondriosome/desmosomes
drastically
reduced
groups.
Confocal
microscopy
CD45
immunohistochemistry
showed
inflammatory
cell
infiltration
caused
apoptosis
conjunctival
cells
while
leading
abnormal
proliferation,
meanwhile,
goblet
group
also
reduced.
increased
levels
p-NF-κB-p65
cornea.Aerosol
can
reduce
stability
film
cause
change
ocular
surface,
which
is
similar
performance
human
eye,
suggesting
animal
eye.
Frontiers in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
8
Published: Jan. 17, 2022
Dry
eye
is
currently
one
of
the
most
common
ocular
surface
disease.
It
can
lead
to
discomfort
and
even
cause
visual
impairment,
which
greatly
affects
work
quality
life
patients.
With
increasing
incidence
dry
disease
(DED)
in
recent
years,
receiving
more
attention,
has
become
hot
research
fields
ophthalmology
research.
Recently,
with
in-depth
on
etiology,
pathogenesis
treatment
DED,
it
been
shown
that
defects
immune
regulation
main
pathological
mechanisms
DED.
Since
non-specific
specific
response
are
jointly
regulated,
a
variety
cells
inflammatory
factors
involved
development
The
conventional
DED
application
artificial
tears
for
lubricating
surface.
However,
moderate-to-severe
anti-inflammatory
drugs
necessary.
In
this
review,
immunomodulatory
latest
progress
its
related
treatments
including
Chinese
medicine
will
be
discussed.
Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. 3 - 12
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Dry
eye
disease
(DED)
is
a
common
chronic
ocular
disease.
DED
can
have
significant
impact
on
visual
function,
causing
disturbances
to
comfort,
daily
activities,
and
general
quality
of
life.
The
varied
nature
makes
it
difficult
point
specific
cause
the
syndrome.
However,
current
literature
agrees
that
inflammation
cornea
conjunctiva
plays
major
role
in
its
pathogenesis.
Therapies
targeted
toward
shown
success
treatment
DED.
purpose
this
review
provide
an
overview
prevalence
inflammatory
pathophysiology
discussion
available
anti-inflammatory
therapies
including
following:
Nonsteroidal
drugs,
corticosteroids,
other
hormonal
therapies,
nonsteroidal
immunomodulators,
biological
tear
replacement,
antibiotics,
dietary
supplements,
tea
tree
oil,
intense
pulsed
light.
