Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(12), P. 2234 - 2246
Published: Nov. 20, 2024
Language: Английский
MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(8)
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
Abstract Macrophages are versatile immune cells with remarkable plasticity, enabling them to adapt diverse tissue microenvironments and perform various functions. Traditionally categorized into classically activated (M1) alternatively (M2) phenotypes, recent advances have revealed a spectrum of macrophage activation states that extend beyond this dichotomy. The complex interplay signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators, epigenetic modifications orchestrates polarization, allowing respond stimuli dynamically. Here, we provide comprehensive overview the cascades governing focusing on roles Toll‐like receptors, signal transducer activator transcription proteins, nuclear microRNAs. We also discuss emerging concepts metabolic reprogramming trained immunity, contributing their functional adaptability. Macrophage plasticity plays pivotal role in repair regeneration, macrophages coordinating inflammation, angiogenesis, matrix remodeling restore homeostasis. By harnessing potential novel therapeutic strategies targeting polarization could be developed for diseases, including chronic wounds, fibrotic disorders, inflammatory conditions. Ultimately, deeper understanding molecular mechanisms underpinning will pave way innovative regenerative medicine engineering approaches.
Language: Английский
Citations
31
Journal of Innate Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 295 - 323
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Evolutionarily, immune response is a complex mechanism that protects the host from internal and external threats. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize MAMPs, PAMPs, DAMPs to initiate protective pro-inflammatory response. PRRs are expressed on cell membranes by TLR1, 2, 4, 6 in cytosolic organelles TLR3, 7, 8, 9, NLRs, ALRs, cGLRs. We know their downstream signaling pathways controlling immunoregulatory However, impact of metabolic control cells pro- anti-inflammatory activity has not been discussed extensively.
Language: Английский
Citations
6
Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 159277 - 159277
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(1)
Published: March 1, 2025
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common yet serious complication in individuals with diabetes, often presenting as chronic, nonhealing wounds that significantly impair quality of life. The healing process DFUs is largely influenced by the local microenvironment, which encompasses factors such hypoxia, inflammation, and involvement various cell types. Poor blood circulation affected area results compromising cellular function restricting nutrient supply, thereby delaying wound healing. In addition, chronic inflammation disrupts immune system balance, excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines not only failing to facilitate tissue repair but also exacerbating damage. Moreover, key types, including fibroblasts, keratinocytes, macrophages, play crucial roles at different stages process, contributing collagen production skin regeneration. A comprehensive understanding complex dynamics within DFU microenvironment essential for developing more precise therapeutic approaches, advanced drug delivery systems bioactive materials, aimed promoting reducing risk recurrence.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 1467 - 1467
Published: April 27, 2025
Cancer cells are often described as voracious consumers of nutrients, with glucose frequently cited a key energy source; however, their metabolic plasticity allows them to adapt and utilize various substrates, including lipids amino acids, sustain growth survival. However, the demands immune within tumor microenvironment (TME) less commonly discussed despite critical role in shaping response. In this review, we explored intricate interplay between immunometabolism innate immunity gastrointestinal cancers. We focused on how pathways, glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, metabolism, drive immunosuppressive functions myeloid-derived suppressor (MDSCs) tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), macrophages (TAMs) lymphocyte subsets such NK cells. These contribute hostile landscape, supporting evasion from surveillance phenomenon tumor-derived immunosuppression. Additionally, investigated influence dietary interventions reprogramming these cells, highlighting nutrition can modulate TME. Finally, emerging therapeutic strategies that target vulnerabilities MDSCs, TANs, monocytes, offering novel avenue for enhancing antitumor immunity. By dissecting mechanisms, aim provide insights into pathways be harnessed improve cancer treatment outcomes. This review underscores importance understanding not only driver suppression but also potential cancer.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Canadian Journal of Cardiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: April 1, 2025
Recent research has extensively explored the critical role of energy metabolism in shaping inflammatory response and polarization macrophages obesity. This rapidly growing field emphasizes need to understand connection between metabolic processes that support macrophage While most published this area focused on glucose fatty acids, how flux through other pathways (such as ketone amino acid oxidation) is altered obesity not well defined. review summarizes main alterations uptake, storage, oxidation oxidative substrates (glucose, bodies acids) these are linked contribution augmented markers The also discusses could modulate responses via feeding into non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, triacylglycerol synthesis/accumulation), acting signalling molecules, or mediating post-translational modifications O-GlcNAcylation β-hydroxybutyrylation). identifies several unanswered questions regarding characteristics (functional metabolic) from different origins (adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, bone marrow) contribute early vs late phases We identified a number new therapeutic targets be evaluated future investigations. Targeting an exciting active with significant potential help identify treatments limit detrimental effects inflammation
Language: Английский
Citations
0
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 4287 - 4287
Published: May 1, 2025
Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) are both chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Their pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. The polarization states of macrophages, as a crucial part the innate immune system, influenced by various factors such cytokines, mediators, epigenetics. Research has demonstrated that macrophages play "double-edged sword" role in pathological process diseases: they drive inflammation progression participate tissue repair. This article summarizes roles development homeostasis psoriasis dermatitis. It explores impact different on In conclusion, understanding classification plasticity is for deeper AD personalized treatments.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Bone Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)
Published: May 12, 2025
Abstract With the deepening of epigenetic research, studies have shown that N 6 -methyladenosine (m A) is closely related to development rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but mechanism still unclear. In study, we collected synovial tissues from normal controls and patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or RA. The levels m A inflammation were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining western blotting. roles IGF2BP3 in cell proliferation inflammatory activation explored using transfection RNA immunoprecipitation assays. −/− mice generated used establish an mouse model transferring serum adult K/BxN mice. We found markedly increased RA models, expression was upregulated individuals markers. played important part RA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) promoting proliferation, migration, invasion, cytokine release inhibiting autophagy. addition, inhibited autophagy reduce ROS production, thereby decreasing macrophages. More importantly, RASGRF1-mediated mTORC1 a crucial role ability promote activation. mice, knockout RA-FLS infiltration, further ameliorated joint injury. Our study revealed for progression. targeted inhibition reduced limited development, providing potential strategy therapy.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Respiratory Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(1)
Published: April 9, 2024
Abstract Background Airway remodelling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a significant process during occurrence airway remodelling. Increasing evidence suggests that glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) involved epithelial mesenchymal various diseases. However, GLUT3 EMT cells COPD patients remains unclear. Methods We detected levels peripheral lung tissue and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice. Two Gene Expression Omnibus GEO datasets were utilised to analyse gene expression profiles COPD. Western blot immunofluorescence used detect expression. In addition, we AAV9-GLUT3 inhibitor reduce mice model. Masson’s staining function measurement collagen deposition penh A cell study was performed confirm regulatory effect GLUT3. Inhibition with siRNA, blot, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, p65, ZEB1. Results Based on data set analysis, higher than non-smokers. Moreover, highly expressed patients, CS exposed mice, BEAS-2B treated extract (CSE). Further research revealed down-regulation significantly alleviated vivo vitro. Lung showed reduction reduced resistance experimental Mechanistically, our inhibited CSE-induced by down-regulating NF-κB/ZEB1 pathway. Conclusion demonstrate enhances further may regulate through pathway; these findings have potential value diagnosis treatment The vivo. Our observations uncover key modulating shed light development GLUT3-targeted therapeutics for
Language: Английский
Citations
3
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 66(3), P. 294 - 315
Published: July 2, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
3